Methods
S9-SORGHUM General Study. Data converted from original S9-SORGHUM evaluations to 1987. This represents various environments over several years of data capture used to compile the S9-SORGHUM data up until 1987.
Acid Soil Tolerance in Sorghum. Aluminum & Maganese Toxicity trials and Photo. sensitivity. Field experiment. Experiment started and ended in 1987. Water pH = 4.1-4.3, KCL pH = 3.7-3.8, AL toxicity tolerance.
Acid Soil Tolerance in Sorghum. Aluminum & Maganese Toxicity trials and Photo. sensitivity. Field experiment. Experiment started and ended in 1987. Water pH = 4.5, KCL pH = 4.0, MN toxicity tolerance.
Acid Soil Tolerance in Sorghum. Aluminum & Maganese Toxicity trials and Photo. sensitivity. Field experiment. Experiment started and ended in 1988. Water pH = 4.1-4.3, KCL pH = 3.7-3.8, AL toxicity tolerance.
Acid Soil Tolerance in Sorghum. Aluminum & Maganese Toxicity trials and Photo. sensitivity. Field experiment. Experiment started and ended in 1988. Water pH = 4.5, KCL pH = 4.0, Mn toxicity tolerance.
Acid Soil Tolerance in Sorghum. Aluminum & Maganese Toxicity trials and Photo. sensitivity. Field experiment. Experiment started and ended in 1989. Water pH = 4.1-4.3, KCL pH = 3.7-3.8, AL toxicity tolerance.
Acid Soil Tolerance in Sorghum. Aluminum & Maganese Toxicity trials and Photo. sensitivity. Field experiment. Experiment started and ended in 1989. Water pH = 4.5, KCL pH = 4.0, Mn toxicity tolerance.
Acid Soil Tolerance in Sorghum. Aluminum & Maganese Toxicity trials and Photo. sensitivity. Field experiment. Experiment started and ended in 1988. Aluminum Toxicity of 423 converted sorghum lines.
Acid Soil Tolerance in Sorghum. Aluminum & Maganese Toxicity trials and Photo. sensitivity. Field experiment. Experiment started and ended in 1988. Mn toxicity tolerance of 423 converted sorghum lines.
Acid Soil Tolerance in Sorghum. Aluminum & Maganese Toxicity trials and Photo. sensitivity. Field experiment. Experiment started and ended in 1990. Evaluation of Ethiopian collection accessions in 1990 Al toxicity. Field 5B, Bledsoe Farm, Pike County. Water pH = 4.1-4.3, KCL pH = 3.7-3.8.
Acid Soil Tolerance in Sorghum. Aluminum & Maganese Toxicity trials and Photo. sensitivity. Field experiment. Experiment started in 1991 and ended in 10/04/1991. Evaluation of Ethiopian collection accessions in 1991 for Al toxicity tolerance. Field 5A, Bledsoe Farm, Pike County, GA. Water pH = 4.1-4.3, KCL pH = 3.7-3.8.
Acid Soil Tolerance in Sorghum. Aluminum & Maganese Toxicity trials and Photo. sensitivity. Field experiment. Experiment started and ended in 1987. Acid soil tolerance data rated for Photoperiod sensitivity.
Acid Soil Tolerance in Sorghum. Aluminum & Maganese Toxicity trials and Photo. sensitivity. Field experiment. Experiment started and ended in 1988. Acid soil tolerance data rated for Photoperiod sensitivity.
Acid Soil Tolerance in Sorghum. Aluminum & Maganese Toxicity trials and Photo. sensitivity. Field experiment. Experiment started and ended in 1990. Evaluation of 1989-2 St. Croix increase for Al toxicity. Field 5B, Bledsoe Farm, Pike County, GA. Water pH = 4.1-4.3, KCL pH = 3.7-3.8.
Acid Soil Tolerance in Sorghum. Aluminum & Maganese Toxicity trials and Photo. sensitivity. Field experiment. Experiment started and ended in 1990. Evaluation of 1989-2 St. Croix increase for Mn toxicity. Field 5B, Bledsoe Farm, Pike County, GA. Water pH = 4.5, KCL pH = 4.0.
Acid Soil Tolerance in Sorghum. Aluminum & Maganese Toxicity trials and Photo. sensitivity. Field experiment. Experiment started in 1991 and ended in 10/1991. Evaluation of 1990 St. Croix increase for Al toxicity. Bledsoe Farm, Pike County, GA. Water pH = 4.5, KCL pH = 4.0.
Acid Soil Tolerance in Sorghum. Aluminum & Maganese Toxicity trials and Photo. sensitivity. Field experiment. Experiment started in 1991 and ended in 10/1991. Evaluation of 1990 St. Croix increase for Mn toxicity. Bledsoe Farm, Pike County, GA. Water pH = 4.5, KCL pH = 4.0.
Acid Soil Tolerance in Sorghum. Aluminum & Maganese Toxicity trials and Photo. sensitivity. Field experiment. Experiment started in 1992 and ended in 10/1992. Evaluation of 1991-1 St. Croix increase for Al toxicity. Bledsoe Farm, Pike County, GA. Water pH = 4.5, KCL pH = 4.0.
Acid Soil Tolerance in Sorghum. Aluminum & Maganese Toxicity trials and Photo. sensitivity. Field experiment. Experiment started in 1992 and ended in 10/1992. Evaluation of 1991-1 St. Croix increase for Mn toxicity. Bledsoe Farm, Pike County, GA. Water pH = 4.5, KCL pH = 4.0.
Acid Soil Tolerance in Sorghum. Aluminum & Maganese Toxicity trials and Photo. sensitivity. Field experiment. Experiment started in 1992 and ended in 10/1992. Evaluation of 1991-2 St. Croix increase for Al toxicity. Bledsoe Farm, Pike County, GA. Water pH = 4.5, KCL pH = 4.0.
Acid Soil Tolerance in Sorghum. Aluminum & Maganese Toxicity trials and Photo. sensitivity. Field experiment. Experiment started in 1992 and ended in 10/1992. Evaluation of 1991-2 St. Croix increase for Mn toxicity. Bledsoe Farm, Pike County, GA. Water pH = 4.5, KCL pH = 4.0.
Acid Soil Tolerance in Sorghum. Aluminum & Maganese Toxicity trials and Photo. sensitivity. Field experiment. Evaluation of 1992 St. Croix increase for Al toxicity. Bledsoe Farm, Pike County, GA. Water pH = 4.5, KCL pH = 4.0.
Acid Soil Tolerance in Sorghum. Aluminum & Maganese Toxicity trials and Photo. sensitivity. Field experiment. Evaluation of 1992 St. Croix increase for Mn toxicity. Bledsoe Farm, Pike County, GA. Water pH = 4.5, KCL pH = 4.0.
The Sorghum Association Panel is a set of diverse and historically important sorghum lines characterized for genetic and phenotypic diversity and suitable for association mapping studies. The accessions in the panel represent all major cultivated races (tropical lines from diverse geographic and climatic regions), and important U.S. breeding lines and their progenitors.
The Sorghum Bioenergy Association Panel is a set of important sorghum lines identified having potential genes, including a cellulase enzyme and a
vacuolar transporter, associated with increased non-structural carbohydrates that could lead to bioenergy sorghum improvement.
Resistance of sorghum PI accessions to Anthracnose, Rust, Sugarcane Mosaic Virus. Evaluated in Capinopolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Planted on 12/22/1988 and rated on 03/06/1989.
Resistance of sorghum PI accessions to Anthracnose, Rust, Ladder Spot, and Zonate Leaf Spot. Evaluated in Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Planted on 12/01/1988 and rated on 03/16/1989.
Resistance of sorghum PI accessions to Anthracnose, Rust, Ladder Spot, and Zonate Leaf Spot. Evaluated in Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Planted on 11/28/1989 and rated on 03/13/1990 through 03/15/1990.
The Brix measurement reported is an average of BRIX measurements taken over 1 - 7 years at the Sugar Crops Research Station, Meridian, Mississippi. Averages were computed from data taken in 1947-1954, 1956, 1968-1971, 1973-1974, or 1976-1978.
A total of 756 and 760 accessions were evaluated for sugar content (i.e. Brix) in 2015 and 2016, respectively. Each year these accessions were grown in a completely randomized block design with plots measuring 1.8 m in length with 0.9 m between rows. When the plot reached its physiological maturity (30-45 days after flowering), three to five plants per plot (leaf and stalk) were pressed with a three-roller sugarcane mill (Raja-1 US Ice Machine Manufacturing Co. FL, US) to collect the total juice. The Brix of the total juice was measured using a handle refractometer (Atago U.S.A. Inc., Bellevue, WA).
Sorghum Conversion Master List
Converted lines developed in the Sorghum Conversion Program conducted cooperatively by USDA/ARS at Mayaguez, Puerto Rico and the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station.
Resistance of sorghum converted lines to Anthracnose, Rust, Ladder Spot, and Zonate Leaf Spot. Evaluated in Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Planted on 12/01/1988 and rated on 03/15/1989.
Resistance of sorghum converted lines to Anthracnose, Rust, Ladder Spot, and Zonate Leaf Spot. Evaluated in Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Planted on 12/27/1989 and rated on 04/02/1990.
Resistance of converted sorghum lines to Northern Leaf Blight (Helminthosporium turcicum). Ratings taken at test location in Irapuato, Mexico, about 400 kilometers east of Guadalajara. Resistant and susceptible checks every twenty rows.
Resistance of Sorghum to Yellow Sugarcane Aphid. Greenhouse experiment. Experiment started 04/1988 and ended in 10/1989. 323 Sorghum Conversion lines were evaluation for resistance to YSCA in greenhouse flat tests. All received a susceptible rating.
Resistance to Downy Mildew in Ethiopian Sorghums. Greenhouse experiment. Experiment started in 1986 and ended in 1990.
Response of photoperiod insensitive sorghum accessions to Sorghum Downy Mildew (SDM). Evaluation was conducted at the Fucik Farm near New Taiton, Texas in Wharton County in 2003. The soilborne oospores of the causal pathogen Peronosclerospora sorghi were predominantly a variant of pathotype 3 (P3) that is resistant to the acylalanine seed treatment fungicides metalaxyl and mefenoxam.
In the spring of 2002, the sorghum core collection was evaluated for ergot (Claviceps africana) resistance. Artificial inoculations were conducted by spraying panicles with a suspension of ergot conidia (1x106 conidia/ml). Panicles were bagged for 7 days to promote infection with the evaluation conducted approximately 20 days after inoculation. The number of infected florets per panicle was used to determine the percent infection with an average of five panicles being evaluated per accession. The average percent infection was determined for each accession and this value was used to assign the ergot rating score for the accession.
Fall Army Worm Resistance of Sorghum. Greenhouse experiment. Experiment started in 1986. Evaluation of Ethiopian Sorghum for resistance to Fall Army Worm.
Three hundred twenty-two accessions from the NPGS Ethiopian core collection were evaluated for anthracnose resistant response at Isabela and Mayaguez, Puerto Rico in 2013 and 2014, respectively. At both locations, the experimental design was a complete randomize block with plots measuring 1.8 m length. One hundred fifty-two accessions that were resistant at both locations were evaluated for two additional years (2015 and 2018) at Isabela, Puerto Rico in randomized complete block design consisting of two blocks with plots of 1.8 m length. The disease assessments method was based on a scale 1 - 5, where 1 = no symptoms or chlorotic flecks on leaves; 2 = hypersensitive reaction on inoculated leaves, but no acervuli in the center; 3 = infected bottom leaves with acervuli; 4 = necrotic lesions with acervuli on bottom leaves showing spreading to middle leaves; and 5 = most leaves dead because of infection, and flag leaf infected (Prom et al. 2009). This rating system was then categorized into resistant (rated as 1 and 2) and susceptible (rated as 3–5) reaction classes.
Ethiopian Sorghum Collection evaluation data. Planted in winter of 1998.
Ethiopian Sorghum Collection evaluation data. Phenotypic evaluation nursery grown at Isabela, PR in 2000.
Ethiopian Sorghum Collection evaluation data. Field experiment. Experiment started and ended in 1989.
Resistance of Sorghum to Yellow Sugarcane Aphid. Greenhouse experiment. Experiment started and ended in 1986.
Resistance of Sorghum to Yellow Sugarcane Aphid. Greenhouse experiment. Experiment started in 1986 and ended in 1989.
Fall Army Worm Resistance of Sorghum. Greenhouse experiment started in 1992. Evaluation of sorghum from Sudan for resistance to Fall Army Worm.
Resistance to Greenbug. Screening started in 1980 and ended in 1991. Sorghum accessions were screened for Biotype E and Biotype I greenbug resistance.
Accessions from the Honduran and Meso-American Sorghum Collection evaluated in a 1989 Puerto Rico nursery.
Seed/panicle images from the Ethiopian Sorghum Collection planted in 1998-1999 at Isabela, Puerto Rico
Seed/panicle images from sorghum planted in fall 2009 at Isabela, Puerto Rico, USDA, ARS Research Farm. Planted to obtain descriptor data under a single environment specifically for traits more affected by the environment (e.g. plant height, etc.).
Scanned seed images of sorghum from Plant Genetic Resources Conservation Unit, Griffin, Georgia
Seed/panicle images from sorghum planted in fall 2003 at St. Croix
Seed/panicle images from sorghum planted in fall 2005 at St. Croix
Seed/panicle images from sorghum planted in fall 2005 at St. Croix
Seed/panicle images from sorghum planted in fall 2002 at St. Croix
Seed/panicle images from sorghum planted in 2005 at St. Croix
Seed/panicle images from sorghum planted in fall 2007 at St. Croix
Seed /panicle images from the Sudan Sorghum Collection planted in 1993 in St. Croix
Seedling vigor ratings on the Insensitive Sorghum taken on June 21, 2002. The field location was Halfway, Texas and was planted on June 7, 2002. A NR (not read) rating was taken because there were several spots in the field that had not yet emerged. This may have been due to areas in the field which did not receive any water.
Evaluation nursery grown in Isabela, Puerto Rico in 1993. Material evaluated in this nursery had been previously grown in St. Croix, USVI for increase.
Isabela, Puerto Rico increase.
Reported in literature or correspondence
Mali Sorghum quarantine increase at St. Croix in 2000 and 2001
Mayaguez, Puerto Rico increase.
Mayaguez, Puerto Rico increase.
Sorghum was planted from 05/29/2000 through 05/31/2000 in the first planting and the second planting was 6/9/2000. Both plantings were at the Cargill Hybrid Seed Company fields in Lockney, Texas. Flowering ratings were taken 65 days after planting and approximately 90 days after planting.
Accessions from the U.S. photoperiod insensitive sorghum collection were grown at Ithaca, Nebraska over 2001 and 2002 in single-row non-replicated plots. Wheatland check plots were included at 13% check plot density. Approximately one quarter of the accessions in the collection were not planted due to space constraints in the field, or were not harvested due primarily to those accessions not reaching maturity before frost. Grain from all harvested accessions were ground to pass a 1 mm screen on a cyclone mill and scanned using NIRS 6500 scanning monochromator.
Over 500 reference samples were selected based on spectral data for wet lab analyses. Reference samples were analyzed by a commercial feed lab, NIRS prediction equations developed, and predicted values (from spectral data) reported for starch, fat, protein, fiber, phosphorous, total digestible nutrients, metabolizable energy, and net energy content of the samples. Various statistics are reported for the prediction equations. The mean and standard deviation of each trait are also reported for the check variety Wheatland.
View various statistics of the Sorghum Photoperiod sensitive chemical and nutritional data in an Excel Spreadsheet or as an HTML webpage.
Flowering ratings from 2005 Sorghum Lubbock, Texas growout
Flow cytometry to determine species identity
Sorghum Pre Conversion Master List
Seed/panicle images from regeneration in Puerto Vallarta
A breeder's selection group was identified in the field in St. Croix in 1993. From this collection, five hundred and eighty-five accessions were crossed to ATx623, A2Tx632, and A3SC103 in the short-day, winter months at the Isabela Research Farm, USDA Agricultural (ARS), Tropical Agricultural Research Station (TARS) in Puerto Rico in 1994 and 1995. Accessions that successfully set seed were planted in a replicated (3x), randomized complete block design trial in the winter of 1996. Five panicles per accession were bagged and then seed set counted and recorded for each trial.
Three hundred thirty-five accessions from the sorghum association panel were evaluated for anthracnose resistant response at Isabela and Mayaguez, Puerto Rico in 2013 and 2014, and at Tifton, Georgia in 2017. At the three locations, the experimental design was a complete randomize block, with plots measuring 1.8 m and 4.0 m in length at Puerto Rico and Georgia, respectively. A subset of 46 resistance accessions were evaluated for anthracnose resistance at Isabela, Puerto Rico in 2015 and 2016, using a randomize complete block design consisting of three blocks. The disease assessments method was based on a scale 1 - 5, where 1 = no symptoms or chlorotic flecks on leaves; 2 = hypersensitive reaction on inoculated leaves, but no acervuli in the center; 3 = infected bottom leaves with acervuli; 4 = necrotic lesions with acervuli on bottom leaves showing spreading to middle leaves; and 5 = most leaves dead because of infection, and flag leaf infected (Prom et al. 2009). This rating system was then categorized into resistant (rated as 1 and 2) and susceptible (rated as 3–5) reaction classes.
One hundred fifty-seven accessions from the NPGS Senegal collection were evaluated for anthracnose resistant response at Isabela, Puerto Rico in 2014 and at Mayaguez, Puerto Rico in 2015. The experimental design at both locations was a randomize block design of two blocks. The disease assessments method was based on a scale 1 - 5, where 1 = no symptoms or chlorotic flecks on leaves; 2 = hypersensitive reaction on inoculated leaves, but no acervuli in the center; 3 = infected bottom leaves with acervuli; 4 = necrotic lesions with acervuli on bottom leaves showing spreading to middle leaves; and 5 = most leaves dead because of infection, and flag leaf infected (Prom et al. 2009). This rating system was then categorized into resistant (rated as 1 and 2) and susceptible (rated as 3–5) reaction classes.
Thirty-nine accessions from South Africa and thirty-seven accessions from Burkina Farso belonging to the NPGS sorghum collection were evaluated for anthracnose resistant response in 2012 and 2013. The experimental design for both years was a randomize block design of three blocks. The disease assessments method was based on a scale 1 - 5, where 1 = no symptoms or chlorotic flecks on leaves; 2 = hypersensitive reaction on inoculated leaves, but no acervuli in the center; 3 = infected bottom leaves with acervuli; 4 = necrotic lesions with acervuli on bottom leaves showing spreading to middle leaves; and 5 = most leaves dead because of infection, and flag leaf infected (Prom et al. 2009). This rating system was then categorized into resistant (rated as 1 and 2) and susceptible (rated as 3–5) reaction classes.
St. Croix quarantine Sorghum. Quarantine material grown out in St. Croix. Experiment started in 1987 and ended in 1988. Sorghum samples for quarantine increase at St. Croix evaluated for nine descriptors.
St. Croix quarantine Sorghum. Quarantine material grown out in St. Croix. Field experiment. Experiment started in 1988 and ended in 1989. Sorghum samples for quarantine increase at St. Croix evaluated for 7 descriptors.
St. Croix quarantine Sorghum. Quarantine material grown out in St. Croix. Field experiment. Experiment started in 1988 and ended in 1989. Sorghum samples for quarantine increase at St. Croix evaluated for 7 descriptors.
St. Croix quarantine Sorghum. Quarantine material grown out in St. Croix. Field experiment. Experiment started in 1989 and ended in 1990. Sorghum samples for quarantine increase at St. Croix evaluated for 7 descriptors.
St. Croix quarantine Sorghum. Quarantine material grown out in St. Croix. Field experiment. Experiment started in 1990 and ended in 1991. Sorghum samples for quarantine increase at St. Croix evaluated for 7 descriptors.
St. Croix quarantine Sorghum. Quarantine material grown out in St. Croix. Field experiment. Experiment started in and ended in 1991. Sorghum samples for quarantine increase at St. Croix evaluated for 7 descriptors.
St. Croix quarantine Sorghum. Quarantine material grown out in St. Croix. Field experiment. Experiment started in and ended in 1992. Sorghum samples for quarantine increase at St. Croix evaluated for 7 descriptors.
St. Croix quarantine Sorghum. Quarantine material grown out in St. Croix. Field experiment. Experiment started in and ended in 1992. Sorghum samples for quarantine increase at St. Croix evaluated for 7 descriptors.
St. Croix quarantine increase from second planting.
St. Croix quarantine increase of Sudan Collection. Anthesis short days (ANTHESIS1) data was taken at St. Croix, USVI in 1993. Anthesis long days (ANTHESIS2) data was taken at West Lafayette, IL, Lubbock, TX, Manhattan, KS, and Fortuna, PR in the summer of 1994.
St. Croix quarantine increase.
St. Croix quarantine increase.
St. Croix quarantine increase.
St. Croix 2003 sorghum increase
St. Croix 2004 sorghum increase
St. Croix 2005 sorghum increase
St. Croix 2006 sorghum increase
St. Croix 2007 sorghum increase
St. Croix 2008 sorghum increase
St. Croix 2009 sorghum increase
The sucrose percentage reported is an average of sucrose percentages taken over 1 - 7 years at the Sugar Crops Research Station, Meridian, Mississippi. Averages were computed from data taken in 1947-1954, 1956, 1968-1971, 1973-1974, or 1976-1978.
Two hundred fifty-five accessions from the NPGS Sudan core collection were evaluated for anthracnose resistant response at Isabela and Mayaguez, Puerto Rico in 2014 and 2016, respectively. At both locations, the experimental design was a complete randomize block with plots measuring 1.8 m length. Sixty-six accessions that were resistant at both locations were evaluated for one additional year (2017) at Isabela, Puerto Rico in randomized complete block design consisting of three blocks with plots of 1.8 m length. The disease assessments method was based on a scale 1 - 5, where 1 = no symptoms or chlorotic flecks on leaves; 2 = hypersensitive reaction on inoculated leaves, but no acervuli in the center; 3 = infected bottom leaves with acervuli; 4 = necrotic lesions with acervuli on bottom leaves showing spreading to middle leaves; and 5 = most leaves dead because of infection, and flag leaf infected (Prom et al. 2009). This rating system was then categorized into resistant (rated as 1 and 2) and susceptible (rated as 3–5) reaction classes.
Seventy-one accessions from the NPGS sweet sorghum collection were evaluated for anthracnose resistant response in 2011 and 2012. The experimental design for both year was a randomize block design of three blocks. The disease assessments method was based on a scale 1 - 5, where 1 = no symptoms or chlorotic flecks on leaves; 2 = hypersensitive reaction on inoculated leaves, but no acervuli in the center; 3 = infected bottom leaves with acervuli; 4 = necrotic lesions with acervuli on bottom leaves showing spreading to middle leaves; and 5 = most leaves dead because of infection, and flag leaf infected (Prom et al. 2009). This rating system was then categorized into resistant (rated as 1 and 2) and susceptible (rated as 3–5) reaction classes.
1990 evaluation for absence or presence of Sorghum Yellow Banding Virus
Genetic stock designations, pedigree, and descriptive characteristics of waxy grain sorghum selections.
Sorghum hundred seed weights for available inventories updated semi-annually to incorporate new data on current regenerations
Fall Army Worm Resistance of Sorghum. Greenhouse experiment. Experiment started in 1986. Evaluation of Yemen Arab Republic Sorghum for resistance to Fall Army Worm.
Sixty-eight accessions from the NPGS Zimbabwe collection were evaluated for anthracnose resistant response in 2010 and 2011. The experimental design for both year was a randomize block design of three blocks. The disease assessments method was based on a scale 1 - 5, where 1 = no symptoms or chlorotic flecks on leaves; 2 = hypersensitive reaction on inoculated leaves, but no acervuli in the center; 3 = infected bottom leaves with acervuli; 4 = necrotic lesions with acervuli on bottom leaves showing spreading to middle leaves; and 5 = most leaves dead because of infection, and flag leaf infected (Prom et al. 2009). This rating system was then categorized into resistant (rated as 1 and 2) and susceptible (rated as 3–5) reaction classes.
Accessions were randomly selected from the U.S. historic sweet sorghum and planted in Manhattan, Kansas in 2007 and 2008. Values were averaged across two years. Flowering time was recorded as the interval after planting to the time when 50% of the plants in a row had pollen shedding on 50% of the spikelets of the panicle (number of days was converted to CGC approved codes); plant height was the distance from the ground to the tip of the panicle; and brix (a measure of soluble solids) was measured 3-4 weeks after flowering with a handheld refractometer at three nodes (4, 7, and 9) of a typical plant in a row, and the mean was recorded for the row. Stalk lodging was converted to CGC approved codes for lodging.
The dataset (including subpopulation membership coeffecients, PCA and nMDS analyses, and raw data for flowering and lodging) may be viewed as an HTML webpage.