Methods
Collection pictures taken in 2006 from the Tajikistan trip by Barbara Hellier, Kenneth Street, Zebuniso Muminshoeva, Farkhod Kosimov, Shakhlo Safarzoda, John Sheppard, Natalya Rukhkyan and Sergey Shuvalov.
Tajikistan collection trip map.
Scanner was an Epson Expression 10000XL flatbed scanner. Software is WinSEEDLE V. 2007c software with calibrated color correction, and set up the scans using the Regent Positioning System. The seed images are scanned at 400 dpi and saved in the .tif format.
For color comparison, the Munsell ColorChecker Chart from Xrite.com is included in the seed scan screen. The Munsell color system is a color space that specifies colors based on three color dimensions, hue, value ( lightness), and chroma (color purity or colorfulness). It was created by Professor Albert H. Munsell in the first decade of the 20th century. Reference: Munsell, Albert H. (January 1912). "A Pigment Color System and Notation." The American Journal of Psychology 23: 236-244.
Scanner was an Epson Expression 10000XL flatbed scanner. Software is WinSEEDLE V. 2007c software with calibrated color correction, and set up the scans using the Regent Positioning System. The seed images are scanned at 400 dpi and saved in the .tif format.
For color comparison, the Munsell ColorChecker Chart from Xrite.com is included in the seed scan screen. The Munsell color system is a color space that specifies colors based on three color dimensions, hue, value ( lightness), and chroma (color purity or colorfulness). It was created by Professor Albert H. Munsell in the first decade of the 20th century. Reference: Munsell, Albert H. (January 1912). "A Pigment Color System and Notation." The American Journal of Psychology 23: 236-244.
Planted March 12, 1992 (day 71) at Central Ferry, WA
Planted March 24, 1994 (day 83) at Central Ferry, WA
Planted March 29, 1995 (day 88) at Central Ferry, WA
Planted May 1, 1995 (day 121) at Whitlow farm, Pullman, WA
Planted March 24, 1995 (day 83) in the Pullman screenhouse
Planted April 5, 1996 (day 95) at Central Ferry, WA
Nursery was planted on Spillman Farms, the Washington State Research farm 3 kilometers south of Pullman Washington. (46 degrees, 43 minutes North, 117 degrees, 11 minutes West)
For a .xls file of the 1996 and 1997 data
Nursery was planted on Spillman Farms, the Washington State Research farm 3 kilometers south of Pullman Washington. (46 degrees, 43 minutes North, 117 degrees, 11 minutes West)
For a .xls file of the 1996 and 1997 data
Planted April 8, 1998 (day 98) in Pullman screenhouse.
Many of the accessions in the Pisum Core Collection are mixtures of diverse germplasm. Because we were interested in characterizing seed andpod wall parameters in unique lines, we randomly selected seeds of asingle seed phenotype within each accession for planting. For the mostpart, this resulted in plants with uniform characteristics, within eachplanted accession. At harvest, if more than one plant phenotype was evident, we selected seeds from only one plant phenotype (usually thephenotype with the most plants, or the highest seed yield). We alsoensured that its seeds were of the same phenotype as the original seedsplanted. Phenotypic data were collected on harvested seeds and pods ofeach accession, and these characteristics are noted in the dataset.
For more information on Grusak's method click here.
Most planted March 10th and 11th (day 69 & 70), 2003, but some planted later in the screenhouse at Pullman, Washington.
Data from the greenhouse at Pullman, Washington 2005
Data from the screenhouse Pisum grown in 2008 at Pullman, Washington.
Data from the greenhouse at Pullman, Washington 2009
Accessions were planted in April, 2009 at Whitlow farm near Pullman, Washington. Elevation 2500 feet, Latitude 46 degrees, 43 minutes, 55 seconds, Longitude 117 degrees, 9 minutes, 25 seconds.
Data from the screenhouse Pisum grown in 2009 at Pullman, Washington.
Data from the greenhouse Pisum grown in 2010 at Pullman, Washington.
Data from the screenhouse Pisum grown in 2010 at Pullman, Washington.
Data from the screenhouse Pisum grown in 2011 at Pullman, Washington.
Data from the screenhouse Pisum grown in 2012 at Pullman, Washington. Screenhouse planting date was March 16, 2012.
Data from the screenhouse Pisum grown in 2013 at Pullman, Washington. Screenhouse planting date was March 16, 2012.
Data from Pisum grown in 2014 at Pullman, Washington. Screenhouse planting date was April 16, 2014
Data from the screenhouse Pisum grown in 2014 at Pullman, Washington. Screenhouse planting date was March 16, 2012.
Data from the screenhouse Pisum grown in 2015 at Pullman, Washington. Screenhouse planting date was March 16, 2015
2016 data from Pisum grown in the Pullman, Washington greenhouses on Washington State University campus.
Data from the screenhouse Pisum grown in 2016 at Pullman, Washington. Screenhouse planting date was March 17, 2016
Nursery was planted on March 28, 2017 (day 87 of the year) at the Central Ferry farm which is near the Snake River in Eastern Washington. The plots are about 700 feet above sea level under sprinkler irrigation.
Pisum were from the Pea Single Plant (PSP) accessions.
Data from the screenhouse Pisum grown in 2017 at Pullman, Washington. Screenhouse planting date was March 16, 2017
Data from the screenhouse Pisum grown in 2018 at Pullman, Washington. Screenhouse planting date was March, 2018
Data from the screenhouse Pisum grown in 2019 at Pullman, Washington. Screenhouse planting date was March 21-22, 2019
Data from the screenhouse Pisum grown in 2021 at Pullman, Washington. Screenhouse planting was March 2021.
Planted March 19-20, (day 79-80) 2024 in Pullman screenhouse.
The collection was evaluated was evaluated at the Oak Park Research Center, Carlow, Ireland, where infection by Mycosphaerella pinodes occurs naturally and where confounding diseases such as root rot, wilt, and virus diseases are not chronic. Each pea line was planted in a 1.4 by 1.2 m plot using an Oyjord seed drill. The space between plots was 0.4 m. The control consisted of the susceptible commercial cultivar Solara planted three times throughout the plot area. The trial was planted on 24 April 1991 and selected plots were harvested on 3 September. In 1992 the trial was sown on 4 May and harvested on 18 SeptemberTo ensure uniform infection, plots were inoculated each year with an isolate of M. pinodes obtained from seed supplied by Dr. Anthony Biddle. Isolation was according to the method of Hewett (Plant Pathol. 15:161-163)
The collection was evaluated was evaluated at the Oak Park Research Center, Carlow, Ireland, where infection by Mycosphaerella pinodes occurs naturally and where confounding diseases such as root rot, wilt, and virus diseases are not chronic. Each pea line was planted in a 1.4 by 1.2 m plot using an Oyjord seed drill. The space between plots was 0.4 m. The control consisted of the susceptible commercial cultivar Solara planted three times throughout the plot area. The trial was planted on 24 April 1991 and selected plots were harvested on 3 September. In 1992 the trial was sown on 4 May and harvested on 18 SeptemberTo ensure uniform infection, plots were inoculated each year with an isolate of M. pinodes obtained from seed supplied by Dr. Anthony Biddle. Isolation was according to the method of Hewett (Plant Pathol. 15:161-163)
The pea weevil, Bruchus pisorum (L.), is one of the most intractable pest problems of cultivated pea, Pisum sativum L. The availability of resistant cultivars would give growers more pest management options. Searches for plant resistance to pea weevil were expanded to the Pisum secondary gene pool (P. fulvum Sibth. & Sm.) because seed resistance had not been located in P. sativum and subspecies. The objectives of this study were to determine the extent of pod and seed resistance to pea weevil in P. fulvum, and to use the life table format to characterize weevil stage-specific mortality and survivorship on different P. fulvum accessions and a weevil-susceptible pea cultivar (Alaska 81). Specifically, mortality of first instar larvae on pods, mortality of all weevil stages within seed, adult emergence from seed, and seed damage levels were quantified. In two greenhouse trials, more larvae died (14 to 50% averages) on pods of P. fulvum accessions than on pods of `Alaska 81' (6% average), and mortality of first instar larvae entering seed of P. fulvum accessions averaged 83.7%. Seed damage ratings (1 = feeding scar on seed testa, 0-1% cotyledon tissue eaten, dead first instar larva; 5 = extensive damage, live adult) averaged <3.0 for 26 P. fulvum accessions, compared to mean ratings of 4.9 for Alaska 81. Using weevil mortality and survivorship values in life tables and adult emergence rates, entries were classified as susceptible (two controls and five accessions), moderately resistant (14 accessions), and resistant (12 accessions). Antibiosis resistance was based on the death of weevil larvae on pods and seed testa and cotyledon tissues. The results identify sources of natural weevil resistance in the Pisum genome (26 moderately resistant and resistant accessions of P. fulvum) to endow pea cultivars with pod and/or seed resistance to B. pisorum.
Two tables with the mean data.
National Plant Germplasm System Pisum accessions were screened by mechanical inoculation with CIYVV-Pst1/CP(15) and symptom development was observed for about 2 weeks. Lines that showed no symptoms were selected, and further inoculation tests were conducted. These lines were then screened for systemic infection by mechanical inoculation using indirect ELISA and green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged ClYVV detection.
271 Pisum accessions were received in June 2012, which are a part of the Chinese Core collection
Cotyledon color of seed in storage
Descriptor data from the donor of the accession
Ascochyta blight (Ascochyta pisi race C) differential
Pea Bacterial Blight (Pseudomonas syringae) differential
Bean Leaf Roll Virus differential
Bean Yellow Mosaic virus differential
Fusarium root rot (Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi) differential
Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi) differential. The symptoms and the cultural morphology of the pathogen can be distinguished by the reaction on 7 differential cultivars.
Pea Enation Mosaic Virus differential (PEMV)
The Pea enation mosaic virus. At least 8 species of aphid can transmit the virus but the principal vector is the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum. After the aphid acquires the virus, it is 8 or more hours before it can transmit it to a pea plant, but the aphid retains the ability to transmit the virus for at least 24 hours, during which time it can fly or be blown long distances.
Plant hosts include chickpea, lentil, faba bean, broadbean, sweet pea, certain species of lupine; Hungarian, common, and hairy vetch; and several species of clover including Alsike, white, crimson, and subterranean. Weedy subterranean clover is the principal overwintering host in western Oregon. Alfalfa is not a host. This virus can be detected in seed but is not transmitted by seed.
Symptoms Mottling, crinkling, and stunting followed by tissue outgrowths on leaves and pods. Pods may be badly distorted.
Common root rot (Aphanomyces euteiches f. sp. pisi) differential
Pea Seedborne Mosaic Virus differentials. Resistant accessions carry the recessive gene sbm-1
Data came from the Expired PVP Certificate.
Flower color data from Spillman Farms on the Fusarium Wilt race 1 nursery. Nursery planted on April 22, 1999 and color taken by Jerry Coker.
Psium accession were planted at Spillman farm, Pullman, Washington in 2016
The disease severity ratings were taken 21 days after emergence. Location Prosser, Washington
The disease severity ratings were taken 21 days after emergence. Location Prosser, Washington, 1997.
The disease severity ratings were taken 21 days after emergence. Location Prosser, Washington, 1998.
The disease severity ratings were taken 21 days after emergence. Location Prosser, Washington, 1999.
The disease severity ratings were taken 21 days after emergence. Location Prosser, Washington, 2000.
The disease severity ratings were taken 21 days after emergence. Location Prosser, Washington, 2001.
The disease severity ratings were taken 21 days after emergence. Location Prosser, Washington, 2002.
The 1994 Pullman, Washington nursery was planted on April 19 and score June 27th. for Fusarium Wilt Race 1.
The 1995 Pullman, Washington nursery was planted April 25 and scored June 13th for Fusarium Wilt Race 1.
The 1996 Pullman, Washington nursery was planted on May 2 and scored on June 26 for Fusarium Wilt Race 1.
Screenings were performed on a 1 acre plot at the WSU Spillman Farm in Pullman, WA. soil that was infested with Fusarium oxysporum race 1 was spread over this plot in the early 1970s and peas have been grown continuously on the plot since then to maintain pathogen innoculum. The 1997 Pullman, Washington nursery was planted May 9, 1997 and scored on June 27, 1997
Screenings were performed on a 1 acre plot at the WSU Spillman Farm in Pullman, WA. soil that was infested with Fusarium oxysporum race 1 was spread over this plot in the early 1970s and peas have been grown continuously on the plot since then to maintain pathogen innoculum. The 1998 Pullman, Washington nursery was planted April 16,1998 and scored on July 1, 1998. NOTE: The 1998 nursery was infested with wireworm. Only accessions with 100% resistant or 100% susceptible was used. Any accession with resistants and susceptible plants will be retested, thus data wasn't entered in GRIN.
Screenings were performed on a 1 acre plot at the WSU Spillman Farm in Pullman, WA.. Soil that was infested with Fusarium oxysporum race 1 was spread over this plot in the early 1970s and peas have been grown continuously on the plot since then to maintain pathogen innoculum. The 1999 Pullman, Washington nursery was planted April 22, 1999 and scored on July, 1998.
Screenings were performed on a 1 acre plot at the WSU Spillman Farm in Pullman, WA.. Soil that was infested with Fusarium oxysporum race 1 was spread over this plot in the early 1970s and peas have been grown continuously on the plot since then to maintain pathogen innoculum. Frequency is the percent of plants in the plot that were symptomatic.
Click for more an Excel spread sheet of the Fusarium Wilt race1 data (.xls).
Screenings were performed on a 1 acre plot at the WSU Spillman Farm in Pullman, WA.. Soil that was infested with Fusarium oxysporum race 1 was spread over this plot in the early 1970s and peas have been grown continuously on the plot since then to maintain pathogen innoculum.
Screenings were performed on a 1 acre plot at the WSU Spillman Farm in Pullman, WA.. Soil that was infested with Fusarium oxysporum race 1 was spread over this plot in the early 1970s and peas have been grown continuously on the plot since then to maintain pathogen innoculum.
Screenings were performed on a 1 acre plot at the WSU Spillman Farm in Pullman, WA.. Soil that was infested with Fusarium oxysporum race 1 was spread over this plot in the early 1970s and peas have been grown continuously on the plot since then to maintain pathogen innoculum.
tap root and several lateral root submerged in spore suspenion, cut root with scissor, remain in inoculum 4-5 minutes and replanted in perlite. Resistance rated 3 and 5 week later. Inoculum was prepared from single spore culture.
tap root and several lateral root submerged in spore suspenion, cut root with scissor, remain in inoculum 4-5 minutes and replanted in perlite. Resistance rated 3 and 5 week later. Inoculum was prepared from single spore culture.
tap root and several lateral root submerged in spore suspenion, cut root with scissor, remain in inoculum 4-5 minutes and replanted in perlite. Resistance rated 3 and 5 week later. Inoculum was prepared from single spore culture.
tap root and several lateral root submerged in spore suspenion, cut root with scissor, remain in inoculum 4-5 minutes and replanted in perlite. Resistance rated 3 and 5 week later. Inoculum was prepared from single spore culture.
During the growing season of 1969, 1,324 Plant Introduction entries of peas were evaluated in the field for resistance to Race 5. Each entry was planted in two replications of twenty seeds each. Darkskin Perfection and New Era variety peas were used as the standard check varieties to determine the uniformity of disease within the nursery. Each of the check varieties were planted in 120 locations within each replication in the nursery. Each of the check varieties were arranged systematically within the nursery to guarantee uniform placement of these varieties.
The entries were rated as susceptible, tolerant, segregating for resistance, or resistant. The susceptible rating indicates that all plants within the entry were killed prior to bloom. Moderately susceptible (Tolerant)-varieties survived to the bloom stage and in, most instances did not produce seed. Segregating for resistance-varieties in which some seedlings survived and produced seed with no visible symptoms. Resistance ? all seedlings survived and produced seed.
Hilum color of seed in cold storage
Nursery was planted on April 11, 2002 at the Central Ferry farm which is near the Snake River in Eastern Washington. The plots were about 700 feet above sea level under sprinkler irrigation.
Central Ferry farm picture.
Nursery was planted on March 25-26, 2004 at the Central Ferry farm which is near the Snake River in Eastern Washington. The plots were about 700 feet above sea level under sprinkler irrigation.
Central Ferry 2004 Pisum picture.
Images from Pullman screenhouse in 2004
Images from Pisum grown in t he Screenhouse and greenhouse in 2005
Seed images take of seed donated by ICARDA in 2007
Scanner was an Epson Expression 10000XL flatbed scanner. Software is WinSEEDLE V. 2007c software with calibrated color correction, and set up the scans using the Regent Positioning System. The seed images are scanned at 400 dpi and saved in the .tif format.
For color comparison, the Munsell ColorChecker Chart from Xrite.com is included in the seed scan screen. The Munsell color system is a color space that specifies colors based on three color dimensions, hue, value ( lightness), and chroma (color purity or colorfulness). It was created by Professor Albert H. Munsell in the first decade of the 20th century. Reference: Munsell, Albert H. (January 1912). "A Pigment Color System and Notation." The American Journal of Psychology 23: 236-244.
Scanner was an Epson Expression 10000XL flatbed scanner. Software is WinSEEDLE V. 2007c software with calibrated color correction, and set up the scans using the Regent Positioning System. The seed images are scanned at 400 dpi and saved in the .tif format.
For color comparison, the Munsell ColorChecker Chart from Xrite.com is included in the seed scan screen. The Munsell color system is a color space that specifies colors based on three color dimensions, hue, value ( lightness), and chroma (color purity or colorfulness). It was created by Professor Albert H. Munsell in the first decade of the 20th century. Reference: Munsell, Albert H. (January 1912). "A Pigment Color System and Notation." The American Journal of Psychology 23: 236-244.
Seed from a single plant was scanned.
Scanner was an Epson Expression 10000XL flatbed scanner. Software is WinSEEDLE V. 2007c software with calibrated color correction, and set up the scans using the Regent Positioning System. The seed images are scanned at 400 dpi and saved in the .tif format.
For color comparison, the Munsell ColorChecker Chart from Xrite.com is included in the seed scan screen. The Munsell color system is a color space that specifies colors based on three color dimensions, hue, value ( lightness), and chroma (color purity or colorfulness). It was created by Professor Albert H. Munsell in the first decade of the 20th century. Reference: Munsell, Albert H. (January 1912). "A Pigment Color System and Notation." The American Journal of Psychology 23: 236-244.
Seed from a single plant was scanned.
Scanner was an Epson Expression 10000XL flatbed scanner. Software is WinSEEDLE V. 2007c software with calibrated color correction, and set up the scans using the Regent Positioning System. The seed images are scanned at 400 dpi and saved in the .tif format.
For color comparison, the Munsell ColorChecker Chart from Xrite.com is included in the seed scan screen. The Munsell color system is a color space that specifies colors based on three color dimensions, hue, value ( lightness), and chroma (color purity or colorfulness). It was created by Professor Albert H. Munsell in the first decade of the 20th century. Reference: Munsell, Albert H. (January 1912). "A Pigment Color System and Notation." The American Journal of Psychology 23: 236-244.
Images from Pullman screenhouse in 2007
Nursery was planted on March 27, 2008 at the Central Ferry farm which is near the Snake River in Eastern Washington.(46D-40M-13S-North, 117D-45M-8S-West) The plots are about 700 feet above sea level under sprinkler irrigation.
Central Ferry farm. Images are 600 pixels.
Nursery was planted on March 27, 2008 at the Central Ferry farm which is near the Snake River in Eastern Washington.(46D-40M-13S-North, 117D-45M-8S-West) The plots are about 700 feet above sea level under sprinkler irrigation.
Central Ferry farm. Images are 600 pixels.
Nursery was planted on March 27, 2008 at the Central Ferry farm which is near the Snake River in Eastern Washington.(46D-40M-13S-North, 117D-45M-8S-West) The plots are about 700 feet above sea level under sprinkler irrigation.
Central Ferry farm. Images are 600 pixels.
Nursery was planted on March, 2008 at Dayton, Washington.
Images from Pullman screenhouse in 2008
Images from Pullman field in 2009
Images from Pullman screenhouse in 2009
Images from Pullman screenhouse in 2010
Scanner was an Epson Expression 10000XL flatbed scanner. Software is WinSEEDLE V. 2007c software with calibrated color correction, and set up the scans using the Regent Positioning System. The seed images are scanned at 400 dpi and saved in the .tif format.
For color comparison, the Munsell ColorChecker Chart from Xrite.com is included in the seed scan screen. The Munsell color system is a color space that specifies colors based on three color dimensions, hue, value ( lightness), and chroma (color purity or colorfulness). It was created by Professor Albert H. Munsell in the first decade of the 20th century. Reference: Munsell, Albert H. (January 1912). "A Pigment Color System and Notation." The American Journal of Psychology 23: 236-244.
Images from Pullman screenhouse in 2011
Images from Pullman Spillman Farm in 2011 on single plant selection accessions (PSP)
Images from Central Ferry in 2012 on Pisum single plant selection accessions (PSP)
Scanner was an Epson Expression 10000XL flatbed scanner. Software is WinSEEDLE V. 2007c software with calibrated color correction, and set up the scans using the Regent Positioning System. The seed images are scanned at 400 dpi and saved in the .tif format.
For color comparison, the Munsell ColorChecker Chart from Xrite.com is included in the seed scan screen. The Munsell color system is a color space that specifies colors based on three color dimensions, hue, value ( lightness), and chroma (color purity or colorfulness). It was created by Professor Albert H. Munsell in the first decade of the 20th century. Reference: Munsell, Albert H. (January 1912). "A Pigment Color System and Notation." The American Journal of Psychology 23: 236-244.
Scanner was an Epson Expression 10000XL flatbed scanner. Software is WinSEEDLE V. 2007c software with calibrated color correction, and set up the scans using the Regent Positioning System. The seed images are scanned at 400 dpi and saved in the .tif format.
For color comparison, the Munsell ColorChecker Chart from Xrite.com is included in the seed scan screen. The Munsell color system is a color space that specifies colors based on three color dimensions, hue, value ( lightness), and chroma (color purity or colorfulness). It was created by Professor Albert H. Munsell in the first decade of the 20th century. Reference: Munsell, Albert H. (January 1912). "A Pigment Color System and Notation." The American Journal of Psychology 23: 236-244.
Images from Pullman screenhouse in 2012
Images taken at Whitlow farm at Pullman Washington
Scanner was an Epson Expression 10000XL flatbed scanner. Software is WinSEEDLE V. 2007c software with calibrated color correction, and set up the scans using the Regent Positioning System. The seed images are scanned at 400 dpi and saved in the .tif format.
For color comparison, the Munsell ColorChecker Chart from Xrite.com is included in the seed scan screen. The Munsell color system is a color space that specifies colors based on three color dimensions, hue, value ( lightness), and chroma (color purity or colorfulness). It was created by Professor Albert H. Munsell in the first decade of the 20th century. Reference: Munsell, Albert H. (January 1912). "A Pigment Color System and Notation." The American Journal of Psychology 23: 236-244.
Images from Pullman screenhouse in 2014
Scanner was an Epson Expression 10000XL flatbed scanner. Software is WinSEEDLE V. 2007c software with calibrated color correction, and set up the scans using the Regent Positioning System. The seed images are scanned at 400 dpi and saved in the .tif format.
For color comparison, the Munsell ColorChecker Chart from Xrite.com is included in the seed scan screen. The Munsell color system is a color space that specifies colors based on three color dimensions, hue, value ( lightness), and chroma (color purity or colorfulness). It was created by Professor Albert H. Munsell in the first decade of the 20th century. Reference: Munsell, Albert H. (January 1912). "A Pigment Color System and Notation." The American Journal of Psychology 23: 236-244.
Many of the accessions in the Pisum Core Collection are mixtures of diverse germplasm. Because we were interested in characterizing mineral concentrations in unique lines, we randomly selected seeds of a single seed phenotype within each accession for planting. For the most part, this resulted in plants with uniform characteristics, within each planted accession. At harvest, if more than one plant phenotype was evident, we selected seeds from only one plant phenotype (usually the phenotype with the most plants, or the highest seed yield). We also ensured that its seeds were of the same phenotype as the original seeds planted. Phenotypic data were collected on harvested seeds of each accession, and these characteristics are noted in the dataset (Seed Coat Color, Seed Coat Coloration Pattern, Smooth vs.Wrinkled Seeds, Cotyledon Color).
More information on Grusak's sampling and Experimental Design(a .doc file).
Second selections were 226 accessions highest seed protein concentration, reported from a two-year pea field study of 876 accessions (Jermyn & Slinkard, 1977). This subset has been sequenced using GBS single enzyme of Elshire et al (2011).
Pea germplasm collections (Pea PSP) were planted following augmented design with standard checks (“Hampton,” “Arargorn,” “Columbian,” and “1,022”) at the USDA Central Ferry Farm in 2016, 2017, and 2018 (planting dates were March 14, March 28, and April 03, respectively). The central Ferry farm is located at Central Ferry, WA at 46°39′5.1″N; 117°45′45.4″ W, and elevation of 198 m. The Central Ferry farm has a Chard silt loam soil (coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Calcic Haploxerolls) and was irrigated with subsurface drip irrigation at 10 min d−1. All seeds were treated with fungicides; mefenoxam (13.3 ml a.i. 45 kg-1), fludioxonil (2.4 ml a.i. 45 kg -1), and thiabendazole (82.9 ml a.i.45 kg -1), insecticide; thiamethoxam (14.3 ml a.i. 45 kg -1), and sodium molybdate (16 g 45 kg -1) prior to planting. Thirty seeds were planted per plot; each plot was 152 cm long, having double rows with 30 cm center spacing. The dimensions of each plot were 152 × 60 cm. Standard fertilization and cultural practices were used.
The following traits were recorded and are presented in this manuscript. Days to first flowering are the number of days from planting to when 10% of the plot’s plants start flowering. The number of seeds per pod is the number of seeds in each pod. Plant height (cm) is defined as when all plants in a plot obtained full maturity and were measured in centimeters from the collar region at soil level to the plants’ top. Pods per plant is the number of recorded pods per plant. Days to maturity referred to physiological maturity when plots were hand-harvested, mechanically threshed, cleaned with a blower, and weighed. Plot weight (gm) is the weight of each plot in grams after each harvest. Seed yield (kg ha−1) is the plot weight converted to seed yield in kg per hectare.
: MP3 (More Protein, More peas, More Profit) is a genetic diversity panel was selected from the USDA pea plant genetic resource collection based on yellow cotyledon and round seed surface. First selections were from the pea PSP collection, 212 accessions (Cheng et al., 2015).
Pea cyst nematode results from Western Washington, USA at Mt Vernon. Planted on April 25, 1995, 50 seeds, 5 foot row, two reps. Soil contained 25 eggs per cubic centimeter. Foliage symptoms rated at pea processing maturity. Comment field has date rated: E=06-28-1994, M=07-05-1994, L=07-11-1994, V=07-19-1994, X=07-27-1994.
Pea cyst nematode results from Western Washington at Mt. Vernon. 50 seed, 5 foot row, 2 rep plots. Planted on April 28, 1995. Soil contained 25 eggs per cubic centimeter. Foliage symptoms rated at pea processing maturity. Comment field has date rated: E=06-26-1995, M=07-15-1995, L=07-11-1995, X=07-18-1995.
Descriptor information that came with the passport data.
The molecular diversity of 14 isolates of Pea seed-borne mosaic virus (PSbMV) from southern Australia, 13 previously described isolates from Pakistan, and a reference isolate from the
United States have been studied to determine whether a relatively simple molecular diagnostic
assay and classification scheme could be developed for this virus. The Australian isolates were
placed into either pathotype P1 or pathotype P4 by bioassay on differential genotypes of Pisum
sativum. The Pakistani isolates represented pathotypes P1, P4, U1, and U2, and an undetermined
pathotype. The reference US isolate was pathotype P1. A reverse transcription?polymerase chain
reaction (RT-PCR) assay based on an amplicon from the variable HC-Pro coding region of potyviruses
was shown to distinguish PSbMV from seven other legume infecting potyviruses. Restriction
fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) generated from the HC-Pro RT-PCR products
of all 28 isolates using seven restriction endonucleases placed them into eight groups. A phylogenetic
tree based on a Bray-Curtis similarity comparison placed the groups into three clusters.
The groups and clusters had no clear association with either pathotype or geographic source. It is
concluded that within the range of viruses and isolates tested, the RT-PCR-RFLP method will
both specifically identify PSbMV and provide a simple, qualitative, and rapid means for placing
PSbMV isolates into groups. Applications could include mapping and tracking isolates in space and time.
Accessions were planted in 1971 at Saskatoon, Canada. Each plot contained 2 rows 30 m long and 30 cm apart with 85 seed/row. The accessions were randomly assigned to 17 8X8 partially-balanced lattices with 2 replications. Harvested seed was dried to 6.5%, passed through 0.5 mm sieve and protein concentration determined by infra-red reflectance spectroscopy (Neotec Instruments Inc.).
Excel spread sheet of the Pisum protein data.
Selected seeds of a single seed phenotype within each accession used previously in the mineral nutrient study of the pea core collection (Grusak, 2003, GRIN) were used for this analysis. Protein concentration (N H 6.5) of the ground seed was determined using a Leco nitrogen analyzer (Leco Corp., St Joseph, MI, USA).
click for an Excel(.xls) spread sheet of Dr. Clare Coyne's protein data.
This refined core was created using published biomass and related character data, seed mineral nutrient composition, and seed protein concentration. These data allow for the application of multivariate statistical procedures such as cluster analysis to understand the USDA pea core collection diversity for 26 quantitative traits.
Dendogram of the refined Core (as Power Point) .
Root growth is an important component of plant growth but has received little attention by plant breeders because of difficulties associated with root observation. Improved root architecture and production are likely to improve pea (Pisum sativum L.) production because they are often grown on marginal land and suffer from increased disease pressure and poor fertility. The objective of this study was to quantify the phenotypic variation in seedling root production among Pisum germplasm and to classify the root architecture observed. Seed of 330 accessions from the core collection of Pisum germplasm were germinated and grown under artificial conditions for 14 d and their root characters analyzed. Root systems were scanned and digitized by the WinRHIZO program. Data collected included taproot length, shoot length, and root and shoot dry weight. Data generated by WinRHIZO included total root length, surface area, average root diame ter, and root volume. Taproot length ranged from 181 to 433 mm, while root and shoot dry weight ranged from 6 to 57 mg and 13 to 104 mg, respectively. Total root length ranged from 54 to 399 cm, root surface area ranged from 9 to 75 cm2, and root volume ranged from 0.11 to 1.12 cm3. Seed weight was significantly correlated with all root characters with the exception of taproot length. Shoot and root dry weight were positively correlated with total root length, average root diameter, and root volume. PI 261631, an accession from Spain, produced the greatest total root length, had a root:shoot weight ratio of 0.79, and the largest root volume (1.12 cm3). Plant breeders will be able to use the wide variation for root characters in their crossing and selection programs to modify root traits during cultivar development.
For an Excel file of the Seedling Root Architecture.
From 1990-1994 the USDA Plant Introduction Pea collection were evaluated under controlled conditions for resistance to an aggressive strain of Aphanomyces euteiches. This strain (Ae 467) was isolated from pea in Wisconsin, and from of its pathogenicity characteristic have been reported(Plant Disease 75:1153-1156). Fort-four seeds of each accession were surface disinfested, and 22 seeds were sown individually in cavities of two separate plastic multi-cavity trays containing vermiculite. One tray served as a control and only water was applied to it. Seven days after sowing each seedling in the other replicate tray was inoculated by injecting 4 ml of a zoospore suspension containing 100 zoospores/ml around its roots. Disease severity index and percent loss of root and vine biomass due to disease were determined for each set of 20 plants 12 days after inoculation.
From 1990-1994 the USDA Plant Introduction Pea collection were evaluated under controlled conditions for resistance to an aggressive strain of Aphanomyces euteiches. This strain (Ae 467) was isolated from pea in Wisconsin, and from of its pathogenicity characteristic have been reported(Plant Disease 75:1153-1156). Fort-four seeds of each accession were surface disinfested, and 22 seeds were sown individually in cavities of two separate plastic multi-cavity trays containing vermiculite. One tray served as a control and only water was applied to it. Seven days after sowing each seedling in the other replicate tray was inoculated by injecting 4 ml of a zoospore suspension containing 100 zoospores/ml around its roots. Disease severity index and percent loss of root and vine biomass due to disease were determined for each set of 20 plants 12 days after inoculation.
From 1990-1994 the USDA Plant Introduction Pea collection were evaluated under controlled conditions for resistance to an aggressive strain of Aphanomyces euteiches. This strain (Ae 467) was isolated from pea in Wisconsin, and from of its pathogenicity characteristic have been reported(Plant Disease 75:1153-1156). Fort-four seeds of each accession were surface disinfested, and 22 seeds were sown individually in cavities of two separate plastic multi-cavity trays containing vermiculite. One tray served as a control and only water was applied to it. Seven days after sowing each seedling in the other replicate tray was inoculated by injecting 4 ml of a zoospore suspension containing 100 zoospores/ml around its roots. Disease severity index and percent loss of root and vine biomass due to disease were determined for each set of 20 plants 12 days after inoculation.
From 1990-1994 the USDA Plant Introduction Pea collection were evaluated under controlled conditions for resistance to an aggressive strain of Aphanomyces euteiches. This strain (Ae 467) was isolated from pea in Wisconsin, and from of its pathogenicity characteristic have been reported(Plant Disease 75:1153-1156). Fort-four seeds of each accession were surface disinfested, and 22 seeds were sown individually in cavities of two separate plastic multi-cavity trays containing vermiculite. One tray served as a control and only water was applied to it. Seven days after sowing each seedling in the other replicate tray was inoculated by injecting 4 ml of a zoospore suspension containing 100 zoospores/ml around its roots. Disease severity index and percent loss of root and vine biomass due to disease were determined for each set of 20 plants 12 days after inoculation.
Pisum spp. was screened for rust resistance under field conditions at Cordoba, Spain, during the season 2002-2003. Each accession was represented by a 1.5 m long single row that was 0.7 mapart, with 25 plants per row. The first 50 cm of each test row were sown with the susceptible pea cv. Messire to serve both as a control and spreader of the disease. The plot was inoculated twice from mid-March, at 2-week intervals, to ensure high and uniform levels of rust infection. Inoculation consisted of spraying an aqueous suspension of urediospores from a single pustule isolate Up-Co01 of U. pisi collected at Co' rdoba. The urediospores were suspended in tap water (6 x 10 fourth spores mL -1), to which Tween-20 (0.03%, v/v) was added as a wetting agent.
When rust development started uring 2004-2005 season, disease severity was assessed at 2-week intervals by a visual estimation of the leaf area covered with rust pustules (%). These data were used to calculate the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), using the following formula in the Field Crops Research 114(2009) 198-203 article.
The susceptible control cultivar Messire had a AUDPC of 1062.5 and 45% leaf area covered with pustules.
Seed coat color of seed in cold storage
seed pattern color of seed in cold storage
seed pattern of seed in cold storage
Seed surface of seed in cold storage
100 seed weight at the Western Regional Plant Introduction Station, Pullman Washington, USA
The National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) identifies there accssions with an accession prefix (ACP) and a accession number (ACNO) and a accessions suffix (ACS). When single plant accessions were developed for Pisum a accession suffix was added of 'PSP' to the new accession.. The accession prefix and accession number are the same as the accession the single plant came from.
Singe plant derived accessions were developed for an association mapping population. They are currently unavailable.
25 ng genomic DNA was used as template for SNP genotyping carried out using a MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer (Sequenom). SNP assays were designed from previously published SNPs (Deulvot et al. 2010, BMC Genomics 11:486) using software iPLEX GOLD Assay (Sequenom). The data was analyzed with MassArray analyzer software (Sequenom) which called the biallelic markers. Each SNP was scored for each sample A, T, G or C.
An Excel file with the markers and genotypes
A ZIP'ed TEXT file with the markers and data (7.3 Mb in size)
A ZIP'ed TEXT file with the markers and data in VCF file suffix (28 Mb in size)
Abstract:
Globally, pea (Pisum sativum L.) is an important temperate legume crop for food, feed, and fodder, and many breeding programs exist to develop cultivars adapted to these end uses. In order to manage and utilize genetic resources for pea improvement, the USDA Pea Single Plant Plus Collection (PSPPC), which contains 431 Pisum accessions with morphological, geographic, and taxonomic diversity, was assembled. To maximize the value of this collection for trait mapping and genomics-assisted breeding projects, detailed genetic characterization was performed. To that end, genotyping-by-sequencing―a cost-effective method for de novo SNP marker discovery―was used to generate 66 591 high-quality SNPs. These data allowed us to identify accessions divergent from mainstream breeding germplasm that could serve as sources of novel, favorable alleles. In particular, a group of accessions from Central Asia appeared nearly as diverse as a sister species, P. fulvum, and subspecies, P. sativum subsp. elatius. Accession genotypes can be paired with new and existing phenotype data for trait mapping; as proof-of-concept, Mendel’s A gene controlling flower color was localized to its known position. SNP data were also used to define a smaller core collection of 108 accessions with similar levels of genetic diversity as the entire PSPPC, resulting in a smaller germplasm set for research screening and evaluation under limited resources. Taken together, the results presented in this study along with the release of a publicly available SNP data set comprise a valuable resource for supporting worldwide pea genetic improvement efforts.
Michael Mazourek, Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA Email: mm284@cornell.edu
Phone: 607-254-7256 Fax: 607-255-6683
Designated as the accession to represent the cultivar for use in PVP camparisons
The USDA Western Regional Plant Introduction Station in Pullman, WA maintains >6800 pea accessions including three species, genetic stocks and several core collections. The biodiversity held in this germplasm fuels advances in the plant sciences, particularly breeding and genetics in the pursuit of crop improvement. Efficient germplasm management is crucial and molecular characterization using 15 SSRs of the USDA pea core collection of 310 accessions assists utilization. Understanding the genetic diversity (population structure) of the highly phenotyped USDA pea core collection led to significant marker-trait associations. The results of this study were published in Genes & Genomics 34(3): 305-320.
For a .xls file of the SSR data
Five isolates of PSbMV: Standard (ST), Pea 1 (P1), Lentil L (L), Lentil 1 (L1), and Pea 4 (P4) were tested on these National Plant Germplasm (NPGS) accessions around 1988. The seed soruce came from the NPGS station in Geneva, New York.
In 1990 the Pisum collection was transferred to Pullman, Washignton. Extensive work was done to clean the Pisum seed collection from PSbMV, thus the seed from these NPGS accessions may not give the same results and the 1988 results listed here.
Five isolates of PSbMV: Standard (ST), Pea 1 (P1), Lentil L (L), Lentil 1 (L1), and Pea 4 (P4) were tested on these National Plant Germplasm (NPGS) accessions around 1988. The seed soruce came from the NPGS station in Geneva, New York.
In 1990 the Pisum collection was transferred to Pullman, Washignton. Extensive work was done to clean the Pisum seed collection from PSbMV, thus the seed from these NPGS accessions may not give the same results and the 1988 results listed here.
Five isolates of PSbMV: Standard (ST), Pea 1 (P1), Lentil L (L), Lentil 1 (L1), and Pea 4 (P4) were tested on these National Plant Germplasm (NPGS) accessions around 1988. The seed soruce came from the NPGS station in Geneva, New York.
In 1990 the Pisum collection was transferred to Pullman, Washignton. Extensive work was done to clean the Pisum seed collection from PSbMV, thus the seed from these NPGS accessions may not give the same results and the 1988 results listed here.
Data came from a publication article