| 0 | PI 104328 | 'Meski' | Olea europaea L. | Tunisia | DAV |  | Out of Season | 1986 | COLLECTED | | | | | | | Per Hartmann (see citation): "Imported from Tunisia 1949. Meski is reported to be a very good table olive variety with a small pit and a large amount of pulp." Per IOOC (see citation): "This variety is from the northern part of Tunisia. It shows little vigor or hardiness and it has a low rooting ability. It has an intermediate start of bearing and flowers early. It is self-incompatible and it has a high pistil abortion rate. It produces little pollen. The varieties used the most as pollinisers are 'Chetoui', 'Besbessi', and 'Picholine Languedoc'. Productivity is medium and constant. The fruit ripens early. It has a low oil content and it is freestone. It is used for green pickling and as it shows little bitterness it can be preserved without sweetening. It is resistant to salinity, whereas it is sensitive to drought and calcareous soils. It is very susceptible to olive leaf spot. Despite the good quality of the fruit, this variety is not grown very widely because of its self-incompatibility, its low vigor and its susceptibility to olive leaf spot, which hinders its cultivation in high-density orchards. It is moderately resistant to olive knot." | 1002039 | PI 104328 |
| 1 | PI 86754 | 'Picholine Marocaine' | Olea europaea L. | Marrakech-Safi, Morocco | DAV |  | Out of Season | 1930 | COLLECTED | 1930 | | | | | | Per Hartmann (see citation): "Collected from the USDA Plant Introduction Garden, Chico. PI No. 86754. Imported from Marrakech, French Morocco in 1930, where it is the most commonly grown pickling variety. The tree resembles Mission 26A except for minor differences. It bears fairly good crops. The fruit is borne isolated, often in twos or threes, on medium to fairly long peduncles. The color at maturity, in November, is velvet-black with quite prominent, small, brownish lenticels. The shape of the olive is very similar to that of Mission 26B. The pit is rather large, uniform in shape--somewhat cylindroid, usually with a broad base. This variety may be of value as a canning olive." Per IOOC (see citation): Represents 96% of the total olives in Morocco. There are many similarities with the variety, "Sigoise", grown in Algeria. It has been selected with clones that are well adapted to the soil and climate in Morocco. Hardy, drought resistant and with a medium rooting ability, it is used as a rootstock for "Picholine Languedoc". Bearing and flowering time are intermediate, with partial self-compatiblity and a medium pistil abortion rate and abundant pollen. It is highly and alternately productive and used as a dual purpose olive. As a pickling variety, the freestone fruit is used either as green or ripe, black olives. The oil yield is medium (~20%) and has excellent qualitywith a high oleic acid content. The oil is also resistant to freezing (remaining fluid even at -12 degrees celcius). It is however sensitive to leaf spot. "The tree has a strong vigour and an erect and medium habit and density. The Leaves are elliptic-lanceolate and are flat. The fruit is ovoid, asymmetric with a pointed apex and a truncate base. The nipple is absent and there are many, small lenticels." | 1722598 | PI 86754 |
| 2 | PI 63862 | 'Leccino' | Olea europaea L. | Toscana, Italy | DAV |  | Out of Season | 1925 | COLLECTED | 05/11/1925 | From Pescia, Province of Lucca, Italy. | | | Plants purchased from E. d'Uliva & Fratelli. | | Per Hartmann (see citation): "Collected in 1951 from the USDA Plant Introduc tion Garden, Chico. PI No. 63862. Imported from Italy in 1925. This variety is generally grown in the region of Toscana. The tree is vigorous with a spreading top. It has a tendency toward irregular bearing. The fruit, which matures in December resembles that of Grappolo. The pit is large, uniform, and oblong, with a fairly smooth texture." Per IOOC (see citation): It is vigorous, adaptable and has ahigh rooting ability. It bears early and the flowers have a low pistil abortion rate. Being self-incomptible, it needs pollinisers such as: "Moraiolo", "Pendolino", "Frantoio", "Morchiaio", "gremignolo di Bolgheri", "Piangente", "Razzo", and "Trillo". High and constant productivity, the fruit ripes early and has a low removal force. The oil content is low and it is freestone. It is tolerant of cold, leaf spot, wood rot and olive knot but it is sensitive to sooty mould. "The tree has a stong vigour and a drooping and dense habit and density. The leaves are elliptic-lanceolate and flat. The fruit is ovoid and slightly asymmetricwith a rounded apex and a truncate base. The nipple is absent and there are many, samll lenticels." | 1665237 | PI 63862 |
| 3 | PI 62750 | Cucca | Olea europaea L. | Toscana, Italy | DAV |  | Out of Season | 1925 | COLLECTED | 03/07/1925 | | | | | | Per Hartmann (see citation): "Collected from the USDA Plant Introduction Garden, Chico. PI No. 62750. Imported from Italy in 1925. The tree bears with good regularity. The fruit grows singly, rarely in twos, on variably sized peduncles. It ripens so unevnly that during December both solid green and black fruits may be observed on the same tree. At maturity in late December, the fruit is bluish-black; whitish lenticels are quite prominent at the last stage of maturity. The shape of the olive is variable--usually elongated oval, often broadly oval or erect, protruding at one side. The base is rounded but occasionally slanted; the apex is bluntly pointed, often rounded; the stem-end cavity is prominent. The pit is large and variable in shape--short, erect, cylindroid, or variably depressed on two sides. Some pits, howevever, are oblong, erect, or slightly curved, cylindroid, or somewhat flat on two sides. The base is usually broad, square, or truncated--rarely rounded or narrow; the apex-half is broader than the base-half and is rounded--rarely tapered--terminating in a small, thin, sharp point. The surface is densely crossed lengthwise by medium-sized--rarely long--continuous or branched, deep furrows; these usually disappear on reaching the middle of the pit. In the apex-half, warty projections appear; the main furrows may be prominent but usually are shallow or obscure in this half. This variety may have some value as a canning olive because of its good size and high oil content but would be difficult to harvest because of its uneven ripening of the fruit." Per IOOC (see citation): "This is a demanding variety with a low rooting ability. It bears early but it flowers late and has a high pistil abortion rate. It can be self-compaible though usually requires pollinisers such as: "Mele", "Sant' Agostino" and "Termite di Bitetto". With medium and alternate productivity, the fruit ripens early with a high removal force. The fruit is large with a flesh to stone ratio of 3 but is tough, fibrous and hard to remove from the pit as it is clingstone. The fuit is used for green pickling in brine as the oil content is low. It is suceptible to leaf spot, olive knot, sooty mold, olive fly and cold sensitive. "The tree has medium vigour with an erect an medium habit and density. The leaves are elliptic-lanceolate and flat. The fruit is ovoid-elongated, asymmetric, with a rounded apex an a rounded base. The nipple is present and there are many, large lenticels." | 1497564 | PI 62750 |
| 4 | PI 50974 | Bouquetier | Olea europaea L. | South Australia, Australia | DAV |  | Out of Season | 1920 | COLLECTED | 1920 | | | | | | Per Hartmann (see citation): "Imported from Adelaide, South Australia in 1920 but originated in France. The tree has upright central branches with a spreading top. It tends to bear in alternate years. When grown without irrigation, the fruit shrivels badly. The fruit grows isolated on variable sized peduncles and ripens unevenly. When semi-ripe, this olive is reddish-purple, changing to reddish black at maturity in late November. The bloom is quite prominent in the latter stage. The shape of the olive is oval or slightly oblique. The base is broad and often slanted; the apex is bluntly pointed. The pit is uniform in shape-erect and oval, protruding at one side. It is widest at the center, with a narrow base and a broad apex, the latter ending in small, sharp point. The surface is rather smooth. " | 1618700 | PI 50974 |
| 5 | PI 50983 | Late Blanquette | Olea europaea L. | California, United States | DAV |  | Out of Season | 1920 | COLLECTED | | | | | | | Per Hartmann (see citation): "Imported from Adelaide, South Australia in 1920 but originated in France. The tree is medium in size, upright in growth habit, and has a spreading top. It bears heavy crops in most years. The fruit grows singly or in twos on variably sized peduncles. It ripens so unevenly that four distinct stages of maturity can be observed at once on a single tree. At maturity, in December, the olives are shining velvet-black. The shape of the olive is ellipsoidal to oval, very slightly oblique. The base is broad and round; the apex is usually round. The pit resembles that of Bouquetier." | 1003948 | PI 50983 |
| 6 | PI 12684 | 'Meski' | Olea europaea L. | Tunisia | DAV |  | Out of Season | 1905 | COLLECTED | 01/09/1905 | | | | | | Per Hartmann (see citation): "Imported from Tunisia in 1922. The tree is vigorous and quite tall-about 25 feet-with a prominently spread top. It bears good crops each year. The fruit grows singly, rarely in twos or more, on short to medium-sized peduncles. At maturity the fruit is reddish-black with prominent bloom. On the green fruit, small lenticels are conspicuous but disappear by maturity. This variety ripens very unevenly-an entire branch of green olives and one of black olives can be observed on a tree a the same time. The shape of the olive is ovate, distinctly protruding at one side. The base is narrow, often slanted; the apex-half is much broader than the base-half and is rounded or has a small projection; the stem-end cavity is quite prominent. The surface is rough with two distinct ridges on opposite sides-prominent on the upper half before the final stage of maturity. The pit is medium in size-irregular, oblong, usually erect, and often variably curved. It strongly protrudes at one side being almost flat. The base-half is usually conical, often flat, ending in a narrow or pointed base; the apex-half is broader, terminating in a small sharp point. The surface is crossed longitudinally by a number of medium and long, fairly prominent furrows-mostly branched-the two forming the endocarp being the longest and the most prominent. Several deep cavities of assorted sizes are also present on the upper half of the pit toward the apex. It is unlikely that this variety would become of importance commercially in California because the uneven ripening of the fruit in the different parts of the tree would necessitate harvesting several times during the season." Per IOOC (see citation): "This is one of the oldest known Tunisian cultivars, which is probably why it is seen through most of northern Tunisia where clusters of trees or old, single trees are found. It shows medium hardiness and vigor and it has a low rooting ability. The fruit is suitable for green or black pickling. It is marketed as "Petite Marsaline" and it is also used for oil production. It comes into bearing early and also flowers early. It is partially self-compatible and it has a low pistil abortion rate. It produces a medium amount of pollen. Productivity is medium and alternate. The fruit ripens early; it has a low oil content and it is clingstone. Although it is cultivated without irrigation, it is quite sensitive to drought whereas it is moderately tolerant of salinity and it is resistant to cold. It is highly resistant to olive leaf spot and olive anthracnose and moderately tolerant of olive knot.?" | 1526103 | PI 12684 |
| 7 | PI 12685 | 'Meski' | Olea europaea L. | California, United States | DAV |  | Out of Season | 1905 | COLLECTED | | | | | | | Information on this variety from Bulletin 720, Olive Varieties in California, by Hartman and Papaioannou, California Agricultural Experiment Station, University of California, Berkeley, February 1951: Collected from the USDA Plant Introduction Garden, Chico. Imported from Tunisia in 1905. The tree is of moderate size with an upright growth tendency and dense foliage. It bears good crops in most years. The fruit grows singly, rarely in more than twos, on short- to medium-sized peduncles. Itis black at maturity, in late September, with prominent bloom. The shape of the olive is similar to that of Bidh el Hammam, with the exception of a narrower diameter and an earlier date of maturity. The pit, too, is similar to Bidh el Hammam, though it is slightly longer and has a thicker point at the apex. This variety may have some value as a canning olive. | 1002374 | PI 12685 |
| 8 | DOLE 129 | 'Azapa' | Olea europaea L. | Colombia | DAV |  | Out of Season | 1987 | COLLECTED | | | | | | | Per Hartmann (see citation): Imported from Chile in 1950. "Azapa is a new variety grown in northern Chile. It is a table olive with fruits reported to be as large as the Sevillano." Per IOOC (see citation): "The origin of this hardy variety is uncertain. It appears to match the 'Arauco' variety of Argentina and the 'Sevillana' of Peru. It has a medium rooting ability and it comes into bearing early. It is partially self-compatible. Its time of flowering is intermediate and it produces abundant pollen. The fruit ripens late. Its productivity is medium and alternate and it is affected by exogenous factors such as El Nino, which heightens alternate bearing. It has a low oil content and it is clingstone. It is used for green or black pickling although it can also be considered dual-purpose. It is very resistant to drought and salinity." | 1003248 | DOLE 129 |
| 9 | DOLE 140 | 'Mission' | Olea europaea L. | California, United States | DAV |  | Out of Season | 1987 | DONATED | | | | | | | Per Hartmann (see citation): "Mission was introduced into California by seeds brought from San Blas, Mexico, in 1769, and planted at Mission San Diego by Junipero Serra and by Don Jose de Galves. . . The Mission tree has a definite upright tendency, very old trees often reaching a height of 40-50 feet. To make harvesting easier, most growers keep the trees topped. Mission is the only major variety whose susceptibility to peacock spot (Cycloconium oleaginum) is of commercial importance. It is comparatively resistant to olive knot (Bacterium savasanoi). . .Varieties differ markedly in respect to alternate or irregular bearing. Many Mission orchards bear crops only in alternate years or even once in every three or four year, despite good cultural practices-including irrigation and nitrogen fertilization. Some orchards, however, produce good crops every year. All of the commercial olive varieties blossom at nearly the same dates. Temperature and other climatic conditions cause fluctuations in blooming dates in different parts of the state. The range of full bloom is from May 1 to May 25 in most years . . . Missions are late maturing, usually in November-later than other commonly grown varieties. In some seasons, frost injury causes shriveling before the fruit reaches the proper stage for pickling. This variety, however, contains sufficient oil so that the frost-damaged fruits may be left on the trees until they become black. They can then be harvested for oil extraction any time between December 15 and March 1. The average yield of approximately 150 acres in Tulare County was 3.7 tons per acre for the ten-year period 1936-1946. The maximum rate was 7.5 tons per acre in 1940, and the minimum was 1.0 in 1945. . . Mission is relatively easy to handle during processing and results in a product of high quality and uniformity. It is used in the production of black-ripe and green-ripe olives and for the Greek style, salt-cure process. An appreciable percentage of the crop is used for oil extraction. . . Expressed as a percentage of the fresh weight, it averages 20 to 24 per cent, differing somewhat according to locality and perhaps with strains in the variety. Missions are uniformly high in quality, but are handicapped by their size . . . Several strains of Mission are widespread in California. Each differs from the other, however, chiefly in fruit characteristics." Per IOOC (see citation): "This variety is considered hardy because of its resistance to cold. It has a medium rooting ability. It is one of the most important table varieties cultivated in California although it was of much greater importance in the past, when it accounted for over 50% of Californian table olive production. Its start of bearing is intermediate. It flowers in late May. It is self-compatible and it has a medium pistil abortion rate. Productivity is medium and alternate. Ripening is late. It is prized as a dual-purpose variety, being used for green and black pickling and for oil production. When mature, the fruit has an oil content of about 22%. The oil is good quality, especially that produced in Butte county (Sacramento valley). Time of harvesting depends on the end use of the fruit (table or oil). The fruit has a medium removal force and it is freestone. The erect growth habit of the tree facilitates mechanical harvesting. It is considered sensitive to olive leaf spot and verticillium wilt but it is resistant to olive knot." | 1003424 | DOLE 140 |
| 10 | DOLE 119 | 'Azapa' | Olea europaea L. | Chile | DAV |  | Out of Season | 1987 | COLLECTED | | | | | | | Per Hartmann (see citation): Imported from Chile in 1950. "Azapa is a new variety grown in northern Chile. It is a table olive with fruits reported to be as large as the Sevillano." Per IOOC (see citation): "The origin of this hardy variety is uncertain. It appears to match the 'Arauco' variety of Argentina and the 'Sevillana' of Peru. It has a medium rooting ability and it comes into bearing early. It is partially self-compatible. Its time of flowering is intermediate and it produces abundant pollen. The fruit ripens late. Its productivity is medium and alternate and it is affected by exogenous factors such as El Nino, which heightens alternate bearing. It has a low oil content and it is clingstone. It is used for green or black pickling although it can also be considered dual-purpose. It is very resistant to drought and salinity." | 1003069 | DOLE 119 |
| 11 | DOLE 1 | Tragolea | Olea europaea L. | Greece | DAV |  | Out of Season | 1986 | DONATED | 03/08/1949 | | | | | | Per Hartmann (see citation): Imported from Greece in 1947 and 1949. "Tragolia is a small-fruited variety. Its principal use is for oil, averaging 27 percent on a fresh-weight basis. The average weight of the fruit is 2.4 grams, and the flesh-to-pit ratio is 6.0 to 1 on a fresh-weight basis." | 1000050 | DOLE 1 |
| 12 | DOLE 10 | 'Ascolana Tenera' | Olea europaea L. | Italy | DAV |  | Out of Season | 1986 | DONATED | 1885 | | | | | | Per Hartmann and Papaioannou (see citation): "Mature trees attain a height of 20 to 30 feet. They are not especially upright in growth habit; when uncrowded, they develop into a symmetric round shape . . . In most years the fruit mature rapidly and are ready for harvest between mid-September and the first of October--earlier than all of the other commercial olives. They require special effort in both harvesting and processing to avoid bruising . . . Ascolano is well suited for canned ripe olives. It is not adapted for green pickling because 'salt shrivel' is severe during fermentation and the fruits become almost white after fermentation." Per IOOC (see citation): "This variety is very demanding as regards environmental conditions and prefers cool, loose, calcareous soils. It has an early start of bearing. Fruiting is high only when agronomic conditions are optimal. It flowers late and it usually has a high pistil abortion rate. It is self-incompatible; reported pollinisers are 'Santa Caterina', 'Itrana'. 'Rosciola', 'Morchiaio' and 'Giarraffa'. Productivity is medium and constant. Ripening is early. Because of the firmness of the flesh it can be used for green olives in brine. It has a flesh-to-stone ratio of 6 and it is freestone. It is particularly tolerant of cold and resistant to olive leaf spot, olive knot and wood rot. Conversely, it is sensitve to olive fly. Some clones are available." | 1000389 | DOLE 10 |
| 13 | DOLE 11 | 'Manzanilla De Sevilla' | Olea europaea L. | Spain | DAV |  | Out of Season | 1986 | COLLECTED | 1875 | | | | | | Per Hartmann and Papaioannou (see citation): "Typical Manzanillo trees are about 15 to 30 feet tall at maturity and if not crowded, have a spreading habit of growth . . . Its tendency toward regular bearing is one of the most important advantages of Manzanillo . . . This variety is adaptable to several processing methods. It is used largely in the production of green and black ripe olives. Some fruits, however, are processed as Spanish-green fermented pickles. By December, Manzanillos usually contain enough oil--18-20 percent of the fresh weight--to warrant their use for oil extraction . . . The fruit is normally borne singly--rarely in twos or threes--on variably sized peduncles. It is medium in size, tough in texture, and uniform in shape--a slight or broad oval. The base is round or hollow, often slightly depressed on two sides; the stem-end cavity is prominent, and the apex round. The surface is spotted regularly with tiny, whitish lenticels. These become less pronounced towards maturity, when the fruit becomes velvet-black." Per IOOC (see citation): "This low-vigour variety adapts readily when grown in intensive orchards. It is considered susceptible to root rot, to lime-induced chlorosis when grown on calcareous soils and to winter cold. It has a medium rooting ability . . . It has an early start of bearing. Its time of flowering is intermediate and its pollen has a high germination capacity. In Spain it is cultivated without pollinisers. Nevertheless, it has been observed that fruit set is enhanced under cross-pollination and that poillinisers are necessary in other countries. Productivity is high and alternate. The fruit ripens early and it has a high removal force . . . It is the most highly rated table olive variety in the world because of its productivity and the quality of its fruit. In addition, it has a medium oil content and the oil is of high quality and stablility; it is freestone. It is considered very sensitive to verticillium wilt and sensitive to olive leaf spot, olive knot, olive anthracnose and olive fly." Per Vossen (see citation): "Manzanillo [oil]: Fruity, aromatic and herbaceous; medium bitterness and stability; strongly pungent . . . ~Oil%: 15-26; Cold Hardiness: Sensitive; Fruit Size: Large; Polyphenol Content: High; Pollenizer Varieties: Sevillano [or] Ascolano." | 1000462 | DOLE 11 |
| 14 | DOLE 13 | 'Gordal Sevillana' | Olea europaea L. | Spain | DAV |  | Out of Season | 1986 | DONATED | POST 1885 | | | | | | Per Hartman and Papaioannou (see citation): "Mature Sevillano trees vary considerably in size. With favorable soil and climatic conditions, they often attain a height of 25 to 35 feet. In poor soil, they remain quite small. Because their tendency is to spread rather than to grow upright, harvesting is relatively easy. Unlike other commercial varieties, Sevillano fails to root satisfactorily from cuttings. It is usually propagated by grafting onto seedlings of other varieties. Soft-wood cuttings, however, have been grown successfully when treated with certain root promoting substances . . . Sevillano bears somewhat erratically in California. It is not as dependable in setting regular crops as either Manzanillo or Barouni . . . Sevillano's chief use is as canned ripe olives--and to a lesser extent as green fermented olives . . .Sevillano No. 49A. Collected at the California Agricultural Experiment Satation, Davis: The fruit grows singly, rarely in two, on short to medium-sized peduncles. At maturity, whitish lenticels are sparsely present on the velvet-black epidermis. The large fruits are rather rough in texture and are variable in shape." Per IOOC (see citation): "This variety is vigorous when grafted, but not so when grown on its own roots. It is considered tolerant of winter cold and damp but susceptible to drought . . . It has an intermediate start of bearing. Its time of flowering is also intermediate. It is considered self-incompatible and it has a high pistil abortion rate . . . Productivity is low and alternate. Ripening is early and the fruit is used exclusively for pickling because of its very low oil content . . . It is a clingstone and its soft texture, sensitivity to lye treatment and tendency to 'fish eye' mean that it has to be processed with great care. It has a high flesh-to-stone ratio. It produces two types of fruit: normal olives and shotberries, which are parthenocarpic olives featured by premature halted develpoment and earlier ripening. It is resistant to olive leaf spot and susceptible to olive knot and olive anthracnose." | 1000529 | DOLE 13 |
| 15 | DOLE 14 | 'Mission' | Olea europaea L. | California, United States | DAV |  | Out of Season | 1986 | COLLECTED | | | | | | | Per Hartmann (see citation): "Mission was introduced into California by seeds brought from San Blas, Mexico, in 1769, and planted at Mission San Diego by Junipero Serra and by Don Jose de Galves. . . The Mission tree has a definite upright tendency, very old trees often reaching a height of 40-50 feet. To make harvesting easier, most growers keep the trees topped. Mission is the only major variety whose susceptibility to peacock spot (Cycloconium oleaginum) is of commercial importance. It is comparatively resistant to olive knot (Bacterium savasanoi). . .Varieties differ markedly in respect to alternate or irregular bearing. Many Mission orchards bear crops only in alternate years or even once in every three or four year, despite good cultural practices-including irrigation and nitrogen fertilization. Some orchards, however, produce good crops every year. All of the commercial olive varieties blossom at nearly the same dates. Temperature and other climatic conditions cause fluctuations in blooming dates in different parts of the state. The range of full bloom is from May 1 to May 25 in most years . . . Missions are late maturing, usually in November-later than other commonly grown varieties. In some seasons, frost injury causes shriveling before the fruit reaches the proper stage for pickling. This variety, however, contains sufficient oil so that the frost-damaged fruits may be left on the trees until they become black. They can then be harvested for oil extraction any time between December 15 and March 1. The average yield of approximately 150 acres in Tulare County was 3.7 tons per acre for the ten-year period 1936-1946. The maximum rate was 7.5 tons per acre in 1940, and the minimum was 1.0 in 1945. . . Mission is relatively easy to handle during processing and results in a product of high quality and uniformity. It is used in the production of black-ripe and green-ripe olives and for the Greek style, salt-cure process. An appreciable percentage of the crop is used for oil extraction. . . Expressed as a percentage of the fresh weight, it averages 20 to 24 per cent, differing somewhat according to locality and perhaps with strains in the variety. Missions are uniformly high in quality, but are handicapped by their size . . . Several strains of Mission are widespread in California. Each differs from the other, however, chiefly in fruit characteristics." Per IOOC (see citation): "This variety is considered hardy because of its resistance to cold. It has a medium rooting ability. It is one of the most important table varieties cultivated in California although it was of much greater importance in the past, when it accounted for over 50% of Californian table olive production. Its start of bearing is intermediate. It flowers in late May. It is self-compatible and it has a medium pistil abortion rate. Productivity is medium and alternate. Ripening is late. It is prized as a dual-purpose variety, being used for green and black pickling and for oil production. When mature, the fruit has an oil content of about 22%. The oil is good quality, especially that produced in Butte county (Sacramento valley). Time of harvesting depends on the end use of the fruit (table or oil). The fruit has a medium removal force and it is freestone. The erect growth habit of the tree facilitates mechanical harvesting. It is considered sensitive to olive leaf spot and verticillium wilt but it is resistant to olive knot." | 1000533 | DOLE 14 |
| 16 | DOLE 19 | San Francesco | Olea europaea L. | Toscana, Italy | DAV |  | Out of Season | 1986 | DONATED | 03/27/1950 | | | | | | Per Hartmann (see citation): "Imported from Italy in 1948 and 1950. San Francesco is a pickling variety grown in the Tuscany province of Italy." Per Bartolini (see citation): San Francesco is a dual purpose olive with alternate, intermediate productivity. It is self-sterile and has a low rooting ability. It has a medium tolerance to cold. | 1000744 | DOLE 19 |
| 17 | DOLE 2 | 'Frantoio' | Olea europaea L. | Italy | DAV |  | Out of Season | 1986 | COLLECTED | 1885 | | | | | | Per Hartmann (see citation): "Imported from Italy about 1885. The tree is vigorous with a prominently spread top and drooping terminal branches. It tends to bear in alternate years. The fruit grows individually or in clusters on variably sized peduncles. It matures early--by October 15-- turning black, with a prominent bloom and obscure lenticels. The shape is elongated-oval to oblong. The base is somewhat slanted; the apex is round and is broader than the base. The pit is large, oblong, and erect, protruding at one side. The base tapers and is pointed; the apex is broad and cylindroid, ending in a small, sharp point. The surface is fairly smooth, with long, shallow, and branching furrows running lengthwise." Per IOOC (see citation): "This variety has a high constant productivity and is also prized for its adaptability . . . It has a high rooting ability and early start of bearing. Its time of flowering is intermediate and the flowers have a low pistil abortion rate. It is self-compatable but its productivity rises when suitable pollinisers are present. Fruit ripening is late and phased. It has a medium oil content. In Tuscany it is rated highly for the production of particularly fruity oils that are stable over time." Per Vossen (see citation): "23-26% oil . . . pollenizer varieties = pendolino, moralina, moraiolo, leccino." Per Bartolini (see citation): "Tolerance to: air humidity - low; Armillariella mellea - low; Bactrocera oleae - low; cold - low; Cycloconium oleaginum - low; drought - medium; fog - low; Fomes fulvus - low; Gloeosporium olivarum - medium; Meloidgyne incognita - low; Mycocentrospora cladosporioides - medium; Palpita unionalis - medium; Phloeotribus scarabaeoides - low; Pratylenchus vulnus - low; Prays oleae - medium; Pseudomonas savastanoi - low; Rosellinia necatrix - low; Rotylenchulus macrodoratus - low; SLRV - medium; Saissetia oleae - low; salinity - high; soil moisture - low; Tylenchulus semipenetrans - low; Verticillium dahliae - high; wind - low." | 1000052 | DOLE 2 |
| 18 | DOLE 22 | 'Ogliarola Messinese' | Olea europaea L. | Sicilia, Italy | DAV |  | Out of Season | 1986 | DONATED | 04/1950 | | | | | | Per Hartmann (see citation): Imported from Sicily in 1950. "Ogliarola is one of the main varieties in Sicily. It produces abundantly and regularly if given good care. The tree is large but with rather small fruits." Per IOOC (see citation): "This is a small, hardy variety with a high rooting ability. It bears late with a intermediate flowering time and a low pistil abortion rate. It is self-incompatible ("Canino", "Leccino", "Olivastrone", "Moraiolo", and "Raja" are all good pollinisers). It acts as a good polliniser for "Frantoio" and "Pendolino". It is highly and consistently productive. The fruit ripens early with a phased color change beginning at the apex. The removal force is low and it has a medium oil content. It shows cold resistance but sensitive to olive knot, olive leaf spot and olive fly. The tree is of medium vigor, erect and sparse. The inflorescences are medium in number and are long. The leaf is elliptic-lanceolate and hyponastic. The fruit is ovoid, slightly asymmetric with a rounded apex and a rounded base. The nipple is absent and the lenticels are few and large." | 1000809 | DOLE 22 |
| 19 | DOLE 23 | Souri | Olea europaea L. | Ancient Palestine | DAV |  | Out of Season | 1986 | DONATED | POST 01/01/1947 | | | | | | Per Hartmann (see citation): "Imported from Palestine in 1947 and 1948. Souri, the most common variety grown in Palestine, tends toward alternate bearing, but yields heavy crops. The mature tree is large and vigorous. The fruit is medium in size (about 15 x 22 mm) and is used for both pickling and oil extraction. The oil content is high--33 to 44 percent." Per IOOC (see citation): Belonging to the "Souri" group, it is typical of the hilly northern and central areas of the West Bank. 90% of the trees bearing in Palestine (9,000,000 in the West Bank and 200,000 in the Gaza Strip) are represented by the "Souri" group. Considered hardy but will grow slowly if not irrigated. It has a low rooting ability. The start of bearing and flowering time are intermediate. It is partially self-compatible with a high and alternate productivity. The fruit is dual prupose as both a pickling and oil production. The high oil content ranges from 28-33% and the fruit, a clingstone, responds well to transportation and handling. It is cold and drought resistant but suceptible to olive fly and leaf spot. " The tree is medium vigour with a spreading and medium habit and density. The leaves are elliptic-lanceolate and are flat. The fruit is ovoid, asymmetric with arounded apex and a truncate base. The nipple is absent and there are many, large lenticels." | 1000867 | DOLE 23 |
| 20 | DOLE 24 | Sigoise | Olea europaea L. | Alger, Algeria | DAV |  | Out of Season | 1986 | DONATED | 04/19/1947 | | | | | | Per Hartmann (see citation): Imported in 1947 from Algeria. "Sigoise is the main olive variety grown in the Sig Valley, Algeria. It is a fairly large olive with a small pit and it is used for both oil and pickles." IOOC (see citation): "This variety takes its name from the region where it is cultivated (Sig plain) and it is also known as "Olive du pays". It is found mainly on the plains of Oran and to a lesser extent in the eastern part of the country (Constantine). It is a vigorous cultivar with a spreading growth habit and abundant vegetation that requires careful pruning to ensure the fruit reaches the right size. While readily adaptable, it responds very well to cultural care, particularly irrigation. It is partially self-compatible. Its start of bearing is intermediate, and its productivity is medium and alternate. Although dual-purpose, it is cultivated primarily for table olives because of the quality of the fruit flesh. 20-30% of production is intended for oil, 50-60% for green pickling and 20-30% for black pickling. It gives a low oil yield. It is considered moderately hardy and it has a medium rooting ability. The fruit ripens early. It has a medium removal force and it is freestone. It is tolerant of saline water and is moderately resistant to cold, drought and verticillium wilt." | 1000869 | DOLE 24 |
| 21 | DOLE 28 | 'Ascolana Tenera' | Olea europaea L. | Italy | DAV |  | Out of Season | 1986 | COLLECTED | | | | | | | Per Hartmann and Papaioannou (see citation): "Mature trees attain a height of 20 to 30 feet. They are not especially upright in growth habit; when uncrowded, they develop into a symmetric round shape . . . In most years the fruit mature rapidly and are ready for harvest between mid-September and the first of October--earlier than all of the other commercial olives. They require special effort in both harvesting and processing to avoid bruising . . . Ascolano is well suited for canned ripe olives. It is not adapted for green pickling because 'salt shrivel' is severe during fermentation and the fruits become almost white after fermentation." Per IOOC (see citation): "This variety is very demanding as regards environmental conditions and prefers cool, loose, calcareous soils. It has an early start of bearing. Fruiting is high only when agronomic conditions are optimal. It flowers late and it usually has a high pistil abortion rate. It is self-incompatible; reported pollinisers are 'Santa Caterina', 'Itrana'. 'Rosciola', 'Morchiaio' and 'Giarraffa'. Productivity is medium and constant. Ripening is early. Because of the firmness of the flesh it can be used for green olives in brine. It has a flesh-to-stone ratio of 6 and it is freestone. It is particularly tolerant of cold and resistant to olive leaf spot, olive knot and wood rot. Conversely, it is sensitve to olive fly. Some clones are available." | 1000988 | DOLE 28 |
| 22 | DOLE 4 | 'Mission' | Olea europaea L. | Italy | DAV |  | Out of Season | 1986 | COLLECTED | NEAR 03/29/1950 | | | | | | Per Hartmann (see citation): "Mission was introduced into California by seeds brought from San Blas, Mexico, in 1769, and planted at Mission San Diego by Junipero Serra and by Don Jose de Galves. . . The Mission tree has a definite upright tendency, very old trees often reaching a height of 40-50 feet. To make harvesting easier, most growers keep the trees topped. Mission is the only major variety whose susceptibility to peacock spot (Cycloconium oleaginum) is of commercial importance. It is comparatively resistant to olive knot (Bacterium savasanoi). . .Varieties differ markedly in respect to alternate or irregular bearing. Many Mission orchards bear crops only in alternate years or even once in every three or four year, despite good cultural practices-including irrigation and nitrogen fertilization. Some orchards, however, produce good crops every year. All of the commercial olive varieties blossom at nearly the same dates. Temperature and other climatic conditions cause fluctuations in blooming dates in different parts of the state. The range of full bloom is from May 1 to May 25 in most years . . . Missions are late maturing, usually in November-later than other commonly grown varieties. In some seasons, frost injury causes shriveling before the fruit reaches the proper stage for pickling. This variety, however, contains sufficient oil so that the frost-damaged fruits may be left on the trees until they become black. They can then be harvested for oil extraction any time between December 15 and March 1. The average yield of approximately 150 acres in Tulare County was 3.7 tons per acre for the ten-year period 1936-1946. The maximum rate was 7.5 tons per acre in 1940, and the minimum was 1.0 in 1945. . . Mission is relatively easy to handle during processing and results in a product of high quality and uniformity. It is used in the production of black-ripe and green-ripe olives and for the Greek style, salt-cure process. An appreciable percentage of the crop is used for oil extraction. . . Expressed as a percentage of the fresh weight, it averages 20 to 24 per cent, differing somewhat according to locality and perhaps with strains in the variety. Missions are uniformly high in quality, but are handicapped by their size . . . Several strains of Mission are widespread in California. Each differs from the other, however, chiefly in fruit characteristics." Per IOOC (see citation): "This variety is considered hardy because of its resistance to cold. It has a medium rooting ability. It is one of the most important table varieties cultivated in California although it was of much greater importance in the past, when it accounted for over 50% of Californian table olive production. Its start of bearing is intermediate. It flowers in late May. It is self-compatible and it has a medium pistil abortion rate. Productivity is medium and alternate. Ripening is late. It is prized as a dual-purpose variety, being used for green and black pickling and for oil production. When mature, the fruit has an oil content of about 22%. The oil is good quality, especially that produced in Butte county (Sacramento valley). Time of harvesting depends on the end use of the fruit (table or oil). The fruit has a medium removal force and it is freestone. The erect growth habit of the tree facilitates mechanical harvesting. It is considered sensitive to olive leaf spot and verticillium wilt but it is resistant to olive knot." | 1000149 | DOLE 4 |
| 23 | DOLE 45 | 'Mission' | Olea europaea L. | Italy | DAV |  | Out of Season | 1986 | COLLECTED | | | | | | | Per Hartmann (see citation): "Mission was introduced into California by seeds brought from San Blas, Mexico, in 1769, and planted at Mission San Diego by Junipero Serra and by Don Jose de Galves. . . The Mission tree has a definite upright tendency, very old trees often reaching a height of 40-50 feet. To make harvesting easier, most growers keep the trees topped. Mission is the only major variety whose susceptibility to peacock spot (Cycloconium oleaginum) is of commercial importance. It is comparatively resistant to olive knot (Bacterium savasanoi). . .Varieties differ markedly in respect to alternate or irregular bearing. Many Mission orchards bear crops only in alternate years or even once in every three or four year, despite good cultural practices-including irrigation and nitrogen fertilization. Some orchards, however, produce good crops every year. All of the commercial olive varieties blossom at nearly the same dates. Temperature and other climatic conditions cause fluctuations in blooming dates in different parts of the state. The range of full bloom is from May 1 to May 25 in most years . . . Missions are late maturing, usually in November-later than other commonly grown varieties. In some seasons, frost injury causes shriveling before the fruit reaches the proper stage for pickling. This variety, however, contains sufficient oil so that the frost-damaged fruits may be left on the trees until they become black. They can then be harvested for oil extraction any time between December 15 and March 1. The average yield of approximately 150 acres in Tulare County was 3.7 tons per acre for the ten-year period 1936-1946. The maximum rate was 7.5 tons per acre in 1940, and the minimum was 1.0 in 1945. . . Mission is relatively easy to handle during processing and results in a product of high quality and uniformity. It is used in the production of black-ripe and green-ripe olives and for the Greek style, salt-cure process. An appreciable percentage of the crop is used for oil extraction. . . Expressed as a percentage of the fresh weight, it averages 20 to 24 per cent, differing somewhat according to locality and perhaps with strains in the variety. Missions are uniformly high in quality, but are handicapped by their size . . . Several strains of Mission are widespread in California. Each differs from the other, however, chiefly in fruit characteristics." Per IOOC (see citation): "This variety is considered hardy because of its resistance to cold. It has a medium rooting ability. It is one of the most important table varieties cultivated in California although it was of much greater importance in the past, when it accounted for over 50% of Californian table olive production. Its start of bearing is intermediate. It flowers in late May. It is self-compatible and it has a medium pistil abortion rate. Productivity is medium and alternate. Ripening is late. It is prized as a dual-purpose variety, being used for green and black pickling and for oil production. When mature, the fruit has an oil content of about 22%. The oil is good quality, especially that produced in Butte county (Sacramento valley). Time of harvesting depends on the end use of the fruit (table or oil). The fruit has a medium removal force and it is freestone. The erect growth habit of the tree facilitates mechanical harvesting. It is considered sensitive to olive leaf spot and verticillium wilt but it is resistant to olive knot." | 1001509 | DOLE 45 |
| 24 | DOLE 46 | 'Mission' | Olea europaea L. | | DAV |  | Out of Season | 1986 | DONATED | 07/22/1986 | | | | | | Per Hartmann (see citation): "Mission was introduced into California by seeds brought from San Blas, Mexico, in 1769, and planted at Mission San Diego by Junipero Serra and by Don Jose de Galves. . . The Mission tree has a definite upright tendency, very old trees often reaching a height of 40-50 feet. To make harvesting easier, most growers keep the trees topped. Mission is the only major variety whose susceptibility to peacock spot (Cycloconium oleaginum) is of commercial importance. It is comparatively resistant to olive knot (Bacterium savasanoi). . .Varieties differ markedly in respect to alternate or irregular bearing. Many Mission orchards bear crops only in alternate years or even once in every three or four year, despite good cultural practices-including irrigation and nitrogen fertilization. Some orchards, however, produce good crops every year. All of the commercial olive varieties blossom at nearly the same dates. Temperature and other climatic conditions cause fluctuations in blooming dates in different parts of the state. The range of full bloom is from May 1 to May 25 in most years . . . Missions are late maturing, usually in November-later than other commonly grown varieties. In some seasons, frost injury causes shriveling before the fruit reaches the proper stage for pickling. This variety, however, contains sufficient oil so that the frost-damaged fruits may be left on the trees until they become black. They can then be harvested for oil extraction any time between December 15 and March 1. The average yield of approximately 150 acres in Tulare County was 3.7 tons per acre for the ten-year period 1936-1946. The maximum rate was 7.5 tons per acre in 1940, and the minimum was 1.0 in 1945. . . Mission is relatively easy to handle during processing and results in a product of high quality and uniformity. It is used in the production of black-ripe and green-ripe olives and for the Greek style, salt-cure process. An appreciable percentage of the crop is used for oil extraction. . . Expressed as a percentage of the fresh weight, it averages 20 to 24 per cent, differing somewhat according to locality and perhaps with strains in the variety. Missions are uniformly high in quality, but are handicapped by their size . . . Several strains of Mission are widespread in California. Each differs from the other, however, chiefly in fruit characteristics." Per IOOC (see citation): "This variety is considered hardy because of its resistance to cold. It has a medium rooting ability. It is one of the most important table varieties cultivated in California although it was of much greater importance in the past, when it accounted for over 50% of Californian table olive production. Its start of bearing is intermediate. It flowers in late May. It is self-compatible and it has a medium pistil abortion rate. Productivity is medium and alternate. Ripening is late. It is prized as a dual-purpose variety, being used for green and black pickling and for oil production. When mature, the fruit has an oil content of about 22%. The oil is good quality, especially that produced in Butte county (Sacramento valley). Time of harvesting depends on the end use of the fruit (table or oil). The fruit has a medium removal force and it is freestone. The erect growth habit of the tree facilitates mechanical harvesting. It is considered sensitive to olive leaf spot and verticillium wilt but it is resistant to olive knot." | 1001512 | DOLE 46 |
| 25 | DOLE 57 | 'Mission' | Olea europaea L. | Mexico | DAV |  | Out of Season | 1986 | COLLECTED | | | | | | | Per Hartmann (see citation): "Mission was introduced into California by seeds brought from San Blas, Mexico, in 1769, and planted at Mission San Diego by Junipero Serra and by Don Jose de Galves. . . The Mission tree has a definite upright tendency, very old trees often reaching a height of 40-50 feet. To make harvesting easier, most growers keep the trees topped. Mission is the only major variety whose susceptibility to peacock spot (Cycloconium oleaginum) is of commercial importance. It is comparatively resistant to olive knot (Bacterium savasanoi). . .Varieties differ markedly in respect to alternate or irregular bearing. Many Mission orchards bear crops only in alternate years or even once in every three or four year, despite good cultural practices-including irrigation and nitrogen fertilization. Some orchards, however, produce good crops every year. All of the commercial olive varieties blossom at nearly the same dates. Temperature and other climatic conditions cause fluctuations in blooming dates in different parts of the state. The range of full bloom is from May 1 to May 25 in most years . . . Missions are late maturing, usually in November-later than other commonly grown varieties. In some seasons, frost injury causes shriveling before the fruit reaches the proper stage for pickling. This variety, however, contains sufficient oil so that the frost-damaged fruits may be left on the trees until they become black. They can then be harvested for oil extraction any time between December 15 and March 1. The average yield of approximately 150 acres in Tulare County was 3.7 tons per acre for the ten-year period 1936-1946. The maximum rate was 7.5 tons per acre in 1940, and the minimum was 1.0 in 1945. . . Mission is relatively easy to handle during processing and results in a product of high quality and uniformity. It is used in the production of black-ripe and green-ripe olives and for the Greek style, salt-cure process. An appreciable percentage of the crop is used for oil extraction. . . Expressed as a percentage of the fresh weight, it averages 20 to 24 per cent, differing somewhat according to locality and perhaps with strains in the variety. Missions are uniformly high in quality, but are handicapped by their size . . . Several strains of Mission are widespread in California. Each differs from the other, however, chiefly in fruit characteristics." Per IOOC (see citation): "This variety is considered hardy because of its resistance to cold. It has a medium rooting ability. It is one of the most important table varieties cultivated in California although it was of much greater importance in the past, when it accounted for over 50% of Californian table olive production. Its start of bearing is intermediate. It flowers in late May. It is self-compatible and it has a medium pistil abortion rate. Productivity is medium and alternate. Ripening is late. It is prized as a dual-purpose variety, being used for green and black pickling and for oil production. When mature, the fruit has an oil content of about 22%. The oil is good quality, especially that produced in Butte county (Sacramento valley). Time of harvesting depends on the end use of the fruit (table or oil). The fruit has a medium removal force and it is freestone. The erect growth habit of the tree facilitates mechanical harvesting. It is considered sensitive to olive leaf spot and verticillium wilt but it is resistant to olive knot." | 1001805 | DOLE 57 |
| 26 | DOLE 59 | 'Mission' | Olea europaea L. | France | DAV |  | Out of Season | 1986 | COLLECTED | | | | | | | Per Hartmann (see citation): "Mission was introduced into California by seeds brought from San Blas, Mexico, in 1769, and planted at Mission San Diego by Junipero Serra and by Don Jose de Galves. . . The Mission tree has a definite upright tendency, very old trees often reaching a height of 40-50 feet. To make harvesting easier, most growers keep the trees topped. Mission is the only major variety whose susceptibility to peacock spot (Cycloconium oleaginum) is of commercial importance. It is comparatively resistant to olive knot (Bacterium savasanoi). . .Varieties differ markedly in respect to alternate or irregular bearing. Many Mission orchards bear crops only in alternate years or even once in every three or four year, despite good cultural practices-including irrigation and nitrogen fertilization. Some orchards, however, produce good crops every year. All of the commercial olive varieties blossom at nearly the same dates. Temperature and other climatic conditions cause fluctuations in blooming dates in different parts of the state. The range of full bloom is from May 1 to May 25 in most years . . . Missions are late maturing, usually in November-later than other commonly grown varieties. In some seasons, frost injury causes shriveling before the fruit reaches the proper stage for pickling. This variety, however, contains sufficient oil so that the frost-damaged fruits may be left on the trees until they become black. They can then be harvested for oil extraction any time between December 15 and March 1. The average yield of approximately 150 acres in Tulare County was 3.7 tons per acre for the ten-year period 1936-1946. The maximum rate was 7.5 tons per acre in 1940, and the minimum was 1.0 in 1945. . . Mission is relatively easy to handle during processing and results in a product of high quality and uniformity. It is used in the production of black-ripe and green-ripe olives and for the Greek style, salt-cure process. An appreciable percentage of the crop is used for oil extraction. . . Expressed as a percentage of the fresh weight, it averages 20 to 24 per cent, differing somewhat according to locality and perhaps with strains in the variety. Missions are uniformly high in quality, but are handicapped by their size . . . Several strains of Mission are widespread in California. Each differs from the other, however, chiefly in fruit characteristics." Per IOOC (see citation): "This variety is considered hardy because of its resistance to cold. It has a medium rooting ability. It is one of the most important table varieties cultivated in California although it was of much greater importance in the past, when it accounted for over 50% of Californian table olive production. Its start of bearing is intermediate. It flowers in late May. It is self-compatible and it has a medium pistil abortion rate. Productivity is medium and alternate. Ripening is late. It is prized as a dual-purpose variety, being used for green and black pickling and for oil production. When mature, the fruit has an oil content of about 22%. The oil is good quality, especially that produced in Butte county (Sacramento valley). Time of harvesting depends on the end use of the fruit (table or oil). The fruit has a medium removal force and it is freestone. The erect growth habit of the tree facilitates mechanical harvesting. It is considered sensitive to olive leaf spot and verticillium wilt but it is resistant to olive knot." | 1001854 | DOLE 59 |
| 27 | DOLE 6 | 'Gordal Sevillana' | Olea europaea L. | Andalucía, Spain | DAV |  | Out of Season | 1986 | DONATED | 1885 | | | | | | Per Hartmann and Papaioannou (see citation): "Mature Sevillano trees vary considerably in size. With favorable soil and climatic conditions, they often attain a height of 25 to 35 feet. In poor soil, they remain quite small. Because their tendency is to spread rather than to grow upright, harvesting is relatively easy. Unlike other commercial varieties, Sevillano fails to root satisfactorily from cuttings. It is usually propagated by grafting onto seedlings of other varieties. Soft-wood cuttings, however, have been grown successfully when treated with certain root promoting substances . . . Sevillano bears somewhat erratically in California. It is not as dependable in setting regular crops as either Manzanillo or Barouni . . . Sevillano's chief use is as canned ripe olives--and to a lesser extent as green fermented olives . . .Sevillano No 49D, collected from the Citrus Experiment Station, Riverside: The tree of the strain described below was grafted on the so-called California 'wild olive' . . . The fruit grows singly, rarely in twos on medium-sized peduncles. At maturity, the color is velvet-black . . . The texture is somewhat rough. Olives of this strain are the largest of any of the Sevillanos collected, averaging 17.8 grams fresh weight." Per IOOC (see citation): "This variety is vigorous when grafted, but not so when grown on its own roots. It is considered tolerant of winter cold and damp but susceptible to drought . . . It has an intermediate start of bearing. Its time of flowering is also intermediate. It is considered self-incompatible and it has a high pistil abortion rate . . . Productivity is low and alternate. Ripening is early and the fruit is used exclusively for pickling because of its very low oil content . . . It is a clingstone and its soft texture, sensitivity to lye treatment and tendency to 'fish eye' mean that it has to be processed with great care. It has a high flesh-to-stone ratio. It produces two types of fruit: normal olives and shotberries, which are parthenocarpic olives featured by premature halted development and earlier ripening. It is resistant to olive leaf spot and susceptible to olive knot and olive anthracnose." | 1000235 | DOLE 6 |
| 28 | DOLE 8 | 'Azapa' | Olea europaea L. | Moquegua, Peru | DAV |  | Out of Season | 1986 | COLLECTED | | Ilo | | | | | Per Hartmann (see citation): Imported from Chile in 1950. "Azapa is a new variety grown in northern Chile. It is a table olive with fruits reported to be as large as the Sevillano." Per IOOC (see citation): "The origin of this hardy variety is uncertain. It appears to match the 'Arauco' variety of Argentina and the 'Sevillana' of Peru. It has a medium rooting ability and it comes into bearing early. It is partially self-compatible. Its time of flowering is intermediate and it produces abundant pollen. The fruit ripens late. Its productivity is medium and alternate and it is affected by exogenous factors such as El Nino, which heightens alternate bearing. It has a low oil content and it is clingstone. It is used for green or black pickling although it can also be considered dual-purpose. It is very resistant to drought and salinity." | 1000315 | DOLE 8 |
| 29 | DOLE 86 | 'Azapa' | Olea europaea L. | Peru | DAV |  | Out of Season | 1986 | COLLECTED | | | | | | | Per Hartmann (see citation): Imported from Chile in 1950. "Azapa is a new variety grown in northern Chile. It is a table olive with fruits reported to be as large as the Sevillano." Per IOOC (see citation): "The origin of this hardy variety is uncertain. It appears to match the 'Arauco' variety of Argentina and the 'Sevillana' of Peru. It has a medium rooting ability and it comes into bearing early. It is partially self-compatible. Its time of flowering is intermediate and it produces abundant pollen. The fruit ripens late. Its productivity is medium and alternate and it is affected by exogenous factors such as El Nino, which heightens alternate bearing. It has a low oil content and it is clingstone. It is used for green or black pickling although it can also be considered dual-purpose. It is very resistant to drought and salinity." | 1002415 | DOLE 86 |
| 30 | DOLE 99 | 'Mission' | Olea europaea L. | | DAV |  | Out of Season | 1986 | DONATED | 07/22/1986 | | | | | | Per Hartmann (see citation): "Mission was introduced into California by seeds brought from San Blas, Mexico, in 1769, and planted at Mission San Diego by Junipero Serra and by Don Jose de Galves. . . The Mission tree has a definite upright tendency, very old trees often reaching a height of 40-50 feet. To make harvesting easier, most growers keep the trees topped. Mission is the only major variety whose susceptibility to peacock spot (Cycloconium oleaginum) is of commercial importance. It is comparatively resistant to olive knot (Bacterium savasanoi). . .Varieties differ markedly in respect to alternate or irregular bearing. Many Mission orchards bear crops only in alternate years or even once in every three or four year, despite good cultural practices-including irrigation and nitrogen fertilization. Some orchards, however, produce good crops every year. All of the commercial olive varieties blossom at nearly the same dates. Temperature and other climatic conditions cause fluctuations in blooming dates in different parts of the state. The range of full bloom is from May 1 to May 25 in most years . . . Missions are late maturing, usually in November-later than other commonly grown varieties. In some seasons, frost injury causes shriveling before the fruit reaches the proper stage for pickling. This variety, however, contains sufficient oil so that the frost-damaged fruits may be left on the trees until they become black. They can then be harvested for oil extraction any time between December 15 and March 1. The average yield of approximately 150 acres in Tulare County was 3.7 tons per acre for the ten-year period 1936-1946. The maximum rate was 7.5 tons per acre in 1940, and the minimum was 1.0 in 1945. . . Mission is relatively easy to handle during processing and results in a product of high quality and uniformity. It is used in the production of black-ripe and green-ripe olives and for the Greek style, salt-cure process. An appreciable percentage of the crop is used for oil extraction. . . Expressed as a percentage of the fresh weight, it averages 20 to 24 per cent, differing somewhat according to locality and perhaps with strains in the variety. Missions are uniformly high in quality, but are handicapped by their size . . . Several strains of Mission are widespread in California. Each differs from the other, however, chiefly in fruit characteristics." Per IOOC (see citation): "This variety is considered hardy because of its resistance to cold. It has a medium rooting ability. It is one of the most important table varieties cultivated in California although it was of much greater importance in the past, when it accounted for over 50% of Californian table olive production. Its start of bearing is intermediate. It flowers in late May. It is self-compatible and it has a medium pistil abortion rate. Productivity is medium and alternate. Ripening is late. It is prized as a dual-purpose variety, being used for green and black pickling and for oil production. When mature, the fruit has an oil content of about 22%. The oil is good quality, especially that produced in Butte county (Sacramento valley). Time of harvesting depends on the end use of the fruit (table or oil). The fruit has a medium removal force and it is freestone. The erect growth habit of the tree facilitates mechanical harvesting. It is considered sensitive to olive leaf spot and verticillium wilt but it is resistant to olive knot." | 1002685 | DOLE 99 |