| 0 | PI 616577 | US-70 | Fragaria ×ananassa Duchesne ex Rozier | Mississippi, United States | COR |  | Not Available | 1992 | DEVELOPED | 1992 | | | | | Breeding material | US 70. Tested as MSUS 70, US 70 resulted from a cross made in 1979 at Beltsville between Florida selection 76-802 (FL 73-1965 x FL 73-780) and Louisiana selection 2556. Seedlings from the cross were inoculated in 1980 at Poplarville with C. fragariae isolates CF-1, CF-4, FLA-2, MS-9, and FLA-1. Resistant seedlings were grown at Poplarville, and US 70 was selected in 1981. US 70 was used by Smith and Black (1990) as a differentiating cultivar to separate races of C. fragariae and C. acutatum. In Mississippi hill culture trials,US 70 produced as well as the standard cultivar Tangi in 1990 and 1991, as well as 'Chandler' in 1990, and better than 'Chandler' during the abbreviated 1991 season. US 70 fruit were later than and the same size as 'Tangi' fruit in 1990, but ripened with and were larger than those from 'Tangi' in 1991. US 70 fruit ripened with and were smaller than 'Chandler' fruit in 1990, but they ripened with and were larger than 'Chandler' in 1991.The outstanding features of US 70 are high resistance levels to leaf spot [Mycosphaerella fragariae (Tul.) Lindau], leafscorch [Diplocarpon earliana (Ell. and Ev.) Wolf], powdery mildew [Sphaerotheca nurcularis (Wallr. ex Fr.) Jacz. f. sp.fragariae], anthracnose crown rot, and two-spotted mites (Tetranychus urticae Koch); good fruit quality; desirable, bright red, and large fruit; and an extended harvest season.US 70 plants are medium-sized and compact, with medium-green leaves and three leaflets of equal size. Central leaflets curve down at the tips, and side leaflets curve up at the margins. Leaf serrations are rounded but pointed at the tip. Veins on the leaf underside are prominent, and leaf petioles are light green and pubescent. Fruit of US 70 have a shouldered wedge shape with a blunt tip; narrow, pointed fruit cap sepals that are partially reflexed at maturity; and slightly raised, yellow achenes. US 70 fruit are firm fleshed, light pink internally, and juicy. They have a pleasant flavor that we judge to be sweet and acidic.US 70 transmitted anthracnose resistance to 80% of its several progenies, and it likely will be a suitable disease-resistant parent for either winter or early spring hill culture production, or mid- to late spring matted row production. US 70 has been grown successfully at Poplarville, Beltsville, and Bonita Springs, Fla.
Barbara Smith selections, Mississippi
| 1012029 | PI 616577 |
| 1 | PI 616578 | US-292 | Fragaria ×ananassa Duchesne ex Rozier | Mississippi, United States | COR |  | Not Available | 1992 | DEVELOPED | 1992 | | | | | Breeding material | US 292. Tested as MSUS 292, US 292 came from a 1985 cross in Beltsville of Arking x LA 883. It was screened in 1986 against the aggressive and virulent CF-63 isolate of C. fragariae, and it was selected in 1988 in Poplarville. Southern Florida production of US 292 was lower than that of 'Chandler', but US 292 showed high resistance to anthracnose crown rot, two-spotted mites, leaf spot, and leaf scorch. It generally had good plant health and ability to generate runners. During the more normal 1990 season in Mississippi, US 292 yielded as well as 'Chandler' but less than 'Tangi' (Table 1); its fruit ripened later and its plants were more vigorous than either stan-dard cultivar. US 292 fruit was larger than 'Tangi' fruit and the same size as 'Chandler' in 1990, but larger than either standard in 1991. In Maryland, US 292 was a promising late -maturing clone in matted row production. It showed a fine balance of fruit and plant traits, producing an outstanding plant bed and fruit with superior size, symmetry, firmness, skin color and gloss, flesh color, and flavor.US 292 plants are medium-sized with an open habit and are disease-free in the field. Its leaves are deep green on top, light green underneath, and slightly down-curved with promi-nent veins and hairy petioles. US 292 fruit have firm skin and flesh, and are flavor-ful, aromatic, and slightly acidic. The fruit is short conic and medium-large in appearance, with slightly raised achenes. Its caps are large and showy; individual parts are lanceolate to ovate and acuminate, and partially reflexed at maturity.
Barbara Smith selections, Mississippi
| 1012031 | PI 616578 |
| 2 | PI 616579 | US-159 | Fragaria ×ananassa Duchesne ex Rozier | Mississippi, United States | COR | | Not Available | 1992 | DEVELOPED | 1992 | | | | | Breeding material | US 159. Tested as MSUS 159, US 159 resulted from a 1982 cross in Beltsville of two anthracnose-resistant selections, LA 7525-A x US 78-1760 AN (Florida Belle x LA 2556). In 1983 in Poplarville, it was screened against a mixture of C. fragariae isolates, CF- 1, CF-4, FL-2, LA-1, CF-75, and CF-CARD. US 159 has been tested in Poplarville, Beltsville, and Bonita Springs. It transmitted anthracnose re-sistance to 55% of its progenies and is notable for its fruit yield, size, color, leaf and fruit disease tolerance, vigor, good balance of fruit characteristics, and long ripening season. US 159 may have some pollination problems in cool weather and some fruit cracking in wet weather.US 159 plants are large, medium dense, productive, and resistant to anthracnose crown rot, leaf scorch, leaf blight [Phomopsis obscurans (Ell. and Ev.) Sutton], powdery mil-dew, and two-spotted mites. Leaves are large with oblique bases, even on central leaflets; medium green with silver-green undersides and prominent venation; and rounded, with marginal serrations that are pointed and broad. Petioles are thick and lightly pubescent. From 10% to 30% of the leaves have four leaflets. Flowers have five to seven round, slightly overlapping petals; tall and concave receptacles; numerous stamens with small anthers borne on tall filaments; and 10 narrow and pointed sepals. Fruit are borne on long pedicels and have a long, irregular conic shape with prominent yellow achenes. US 159 fruit are firm, deep red outside, pink inside, and acidic. The caps vary from clasp-ing to partially reflexed.
Barbara Smith selections, Mississippi
| 1012042 | PI 616579 |
| 3 | PI 616580 | US-438 | Fragaria ×ananassa Duchesne ex Rozier | Mississippi, United States | COR |  | Not Available | 1992 | DEVELOPED | 1992 | | | | | Breeding material | US 438. Tested as MSUS 438, US 438 resulted from a cross between resistant clones MSUS 56 1 LA 883 x [Sunrise x (Midland x Albritton)]) x MSUS 70 (FL 76-802 x LA 2556) in an anthracnose inheritance study at Poplarville. US 438 survived a natural green-house epiphytotic of C. fragariae in 1986 and has shown resistance to field infestations by the fungus since 1987. It was selected at Poplarville in 1988. Recent tests by North Carolina cooperators indicate that US 438 also is resistant to runner infection incited by C. acutatum. In Mississippi, US 438 has yielded as well as 'Tangi' and better than 'Chandler' (Table 1). It is earlier than either standard and had both smaller and larger fruit than the standard cultivars during two seasons. In mat-ted row production in Maryland, US 438 was an average performer, ripening early and with generally good plant bed and fruit characters. Fruit symmetry and skin toughness were subpar, but plant stand, vigor, and fruit firm-ness were superior.US 438 plants are large, dense, vigorous, and free of disease. Leaves are large and rugose, with leaflets turning down at the tip as they age. Leaves are medium to light green with light green undersides, and they have prominent main and branch veins. The leaves have sharply pointed serrations and pubescent petioles, with hairs at a 90. Degree angle to the stem axis. Flower petals are rounded and over-lapping, anthers are small with abundant pol-len, stamens are erect, and sepals are narrow. US 438 fruit is dark scarlet and firm, has a dry consistency, and is acidic with a good flavor. Fruit shape is a long wedge with achenes flush to slightly raised; the cap is large, showy, and partially reflexed. Following inocula-tion of plants at flowering with C. acutatum conidia, US 438 fruit showed no anthracnose fruit rot at Castle Hayne, N.C., early in the ripening season (21 Apr. 1992), while 70% of the 'Chandler' fruit was infected (James Ballington, North Carolina State Univ., per-sonal communication).
Barbara Smith selections, Mississippi
| 1012044 | PI 616580 |