MAIZE

Descriptors
Category: CHEMICAL
  1. Oil Percentage (OIL) Whole kernel oil concentration corrected to a standard moisture level (dry weight basis). Value is expressed in percent oil. The method of obtaining the value is described in the method record and may be by calibrated NIR or using wet lab procedures.
  2. Protein Percentage (PROTEIN) Whole kernel protein concentration corrected to a standard moisture level (dry weight basis). Value is expressed in percent protein. The method of obtaining the value is described in the method record and may be by calibrated NIR or using wet lab procedures.
  3. Starch Percentage (STARCH) Whole kernel starch concentration corrected to a standard moisture level (dry weight basis). Value is expressed in percent starch. The method of obtaining the value is described in the method record and may be by calibrated NIR or using wet lab procedures.
Category: COMMENT
  1. Core Subset (CORE) A flag to indicate the accession is part of a core subset. The set is indicated by the method that was used to designate the set.
  2. Ethnic Group (ETHNIC-GROUP) The name of the native group or tribe the accession is assosciated with. Association might be indicated by being directly collected from the group or mention being made of a named group in the line of aquisistion.
  3. Notes and Remarks (NOTES) Observations made by cooperators or curators while evaluating or regenerating germplasm. Usually these observations are not published and need verification or there are too few observations of this type to promote a separate trait.
Category: DISEASE
  1. Antracnose Stalk Rot (ANTHRACNOSE-STALK-ROT) Stalk response to the anthracnose stalk rot organsim (Colletotrichum graminicola (Ces.) G.W. Wils. (teleomorph: Glomerella graminicola Politis) Glomerella tucumanensis (Speg.) Arx & E. Muller (anamorph: Glomerella falcatum Went)). The trait is coded 1-9 with 1 representing the most resistant response and 9 the most susceptible response.
  2. Common Rust (COMMON-RUST) Leaf Response to common rust organism (Puccinia sorghi Schwein.). The trait is coded 1-9 with 1 representing the most resistant response and 9 the most susceptible response.
  3. Common Rust Race RP1-D (COMMON-RUST_RP1-D) Leaf Response to Rp1-D virulent strain of common rust organism (Puccinia sorghi Schwein.). The trait is coded 1-9 with 1 representing the most resistant response and 9 the most susceptible response.
  4. Common Smut (COMMON-SMUT) Plant response to the common smut organism (Ustilago zeae(Beckm.) Unger = U. maydis (DC.) Corda)). The trait is coded 1-9 with 1 representing the most resistant response and 9 the most susceptible response.
  5. Diplodia Ear Rot (DIPLODIA-EAR-ROT) EAR RESPONSE TO DIPLODIA EAR ROT ORGANISM
  6. Diplodia Stalk Rot (DIPLODIA-STALK-ROT) STALK RESPONSE TO DIPLODIA STALK ROT ORGANISM (Diplodia maydis (Berc.) Sacc.)
  7. Eyespot (EYESPOT) LEAF RESPONSE TO EYESPOT ORGANISM (Aureobasidiumzeae (Narita & Hiratsuka) J.M. Dingley = Kabatiella zeae Narita & Hiratsuka)
  8. Goss's Wilt (GOSSS-WILT) Plant Response To Goss's Wilt organism (Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis (Vidaver & Mandel) Davis et al. = Corynebacterium michiganense pv. nebraskense (Schuster et al.) Dye & Kemp ). Disease names include Goss's bacterial wilt and blight (leaf freckles and wilt).
  9. Gray Leaf Spot (GRAY-LEAF-SPOT) Leaf response to gray leaf spot caused by (Cercospora zeae-maydis Tehon & E.Y. Daniels). The trait is coded 1-9 with 1 representing the most resistant response and 9 the most susceptible response.
  10. Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus (MDMV) Plant response to maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV). The potyvirus virus is transmitted by aphids. Main alternate hosts are Johnson Grass and sorghum.
  11. Northern Leaf Blight (NORTHERN-LEAF-BLIGHT) Leaf response to northern leaf blight organism (Exserhilum turcicum [Pass.] Leonard & Suggs - previous name was Helminthosporium turcicum.
  12. Northern Leaf Blight Race O (NORTHERN-LEAF-BLIGHT_RACE-O) Leaf response to northern leaf blight race O organism (Exserhilum turcicum [Pass.] Leonard & Suggs - previous name was Helminthosporium turcicum.
  13. Stewarts Wilt (STEWARTS-WILT) Plant response to the Stewart's wilt organism (Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii (Smith) Mergaert, Verdonck & Kersters) formerly called (Erwinia stewartii (Smith) Dye ). The trait is coded 1-9 with 1 representing the most resistant response and 9 the most susceptible response.
Category: GROWTH
  1. Plant Height (PLANT-HEIGHT) Height of the plant from ground level to the top of the tassel at full growth measured in centimeters (cm).
  2. Plant Vigor (PLANT-VIGOR) Visual rating of plant vigor. Rating is based on plant height, breadth, biomass accumulation, and color.
Category: INSECT
  1. Black Cutworm (BLACK-CUTWORM) RESISTANCE TO BLACK CUTWORM
  2. ECB2 Shank Damage (ECB2-SHANK) SHEATH DAMAGE FROM SECOND BROOD OF EUROPEAN CORN BORER. AVERAGE CAVITIES (INCHES OF DAMAGE) PER SHANK.
  3. ECB2 Stalk Damage (ECB2-STALK) STALK DAMAGE FROM SECOND BROOD OF EUROPEAN CORN BORER
  4. European Corn Borer Gen1 (EUROPEAN-CORNBORER1) RESISTANCE TO THE FIRST GENERATION OF EUROPEAN CORN BORER.
  5. European Corn Borer Gen2 (EUROPEAN-CORNBORER2) RESISTANCE TO THE SECOND GENERATION OF EUROPEAN CORN BORER.
  6. Rootworm Root Damage (ROOTWORM-DAMAGE) ROOT DAMAGE FROM ROOTWORM FEEDING
  7. Rootworm Plant Lodging (RTWRPPLTLD) ROOTWORM RELATED PLANT LODGING. AVERAGE PERCENT OF PLANTS LODGED MORE THAN 30 DEGREES FROM VERTICAL.
  8. Rootworm Caused Root Size (RTWRROOTSZ) ROOTWORM RELATED ROOT SIZE GROWTH
  9. Rootworm Secondary Root Growth (RTWRSECRGR) ROOTWORM RELATED SECONDARY ROOT GROWTH
  10. Spider Mite (SPIDERMITE) SPIDERMITE RATING
Category: MOLECULAR
  1. LOCUS ACID PHOSPHATASE1 (LOCUS_ACP1) Locus acp1 acid phosphatase1
  2. LOCUS ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE1 (LOCUS_ADH1) Locus adh1 alchohol dehydrogenase1
  3. LOCUS CATALASE3 (LOCUS_CAT3) Locus cat3 catalase3
  4. LOCUS ESTERASE8 (LOCUS_E8) Locus e8 esterase8
  5. LOCUS ENDOPEPTIDASE1 (LOCUS_ENP1) Locus end1 endopeptidase1
  6. LOCUS BETA GLUCOSIDASE1 (LOCUS_GLU1) Locus glu1 beta glucosidase1
  7. LOCUS GLUTA-OXA. TRANSAMINASE1 (LOCUS_GOT1) Locus got1 glutamate-oxaloacetic transaminase1
  8. LOCUS GLUTA-OXA. TRANSAMINASE2 (LOCUS_GOT2) Locus got2 glutamate-oxaloacetic transaminase2
  9. LOCUS GLUTA-OXA. TRANSAMINASE3 (LOCUS_GOT3) Locus got3 glutamate-oxaloacetic transaminase3
  10. LOCUS ISOCITR. DEHYDROGENASE1 (LOCUS_IDH1) Locus idh1 isocitrate dehydrogenase1
  11. LOCUS ISOCITR. DEHYDROGENASE2 (LOCUS_IDH2) Locus idh1 isocitrate dehydrogenase2
  12. LOCUS MALATE DEHYDROGENASE1 (LOCUS_MDH1) Locus mdh1 malate dehydrogenase1
  13. LOCUS MALATE DEHYDROGENASE2 (LOCUS_MDH2) Locus mdh2 malate dehydrogenase2
  14. LOCUS MALATE DEHYDROGENASE3 (LOCUS_MDH3) Locus mdh3 malate dehydrogenase3
  15. LOCUS MALATE DEHYDROGENASE4 (LOCUS_MDH4) Locus mdh4 malate dehydrogenase4
  16. LOCUS MALATE DEHYDROGENASE5 (LOCUS_MDH5) Locus mdh5 malate dehydrogenase5
  17. LOCUS MOD. MIT. MAL. DEHYDRO1 (LOCUS_MMM1) Locus mmm1 modifier of mitochondrial malate dehydrogenases1
  18. LOCUS 6-PHOSPHOGLUC DEHYDRO1 (LOCUS_PGD1) Locus pgd1 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase1
  19. LOCUS 6-PHOSPHOGLUC DEHYDRO2 (LOCUS_PGD2) Locus pgd2 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase2
  20. LOCUS PHOSPHOGLUCOMUTASE1 (LOCUS_PGM1) Locus pgm1 phosphoglucomutase1
  21. LOCUS PHOSPHOGLUCOMUTASE2 (LOCUS_PGM2) Locus pgm1 phosphoglucomutase2
  22. LOCUS PHOSPHOHEXOSE ISOMERASE1 (LOCUS_PHI1) Locus phi1 phosphohexose isomerase1
  23. P-PHI024-CCT(SSR) (P_PHI024) p-phi024-CCT (SSR)
Category: MORPHOLOGY
  1. Aleurone Color (ALEURONE-COLOR) The color and pattern of the kernel aleurone layer. The first entry represents the color and the second number represents the pattern of that color.
  2. Bottom Tassel Branch Height (BOTTOM-TASSEL-BRANCH-HEIGHT) Distance from ground level to the insertion point on the tassel stem of the bottom tassel branch of the central stalk.
  3. Cob Color (COB-COLOR) COLOR OF THE COB
  4. Ear Diameter (EAR-DIAMETER) DIAMETER OF THE EAR IN CENTIMETERS MEASURED AT THE CENTRAL PART OF THE UPPERMOST EAR ON THE PLANT.
  5. Ear Height (EAR-HEIGHT) HEIGHT OF THE TOP EAR ON THE CENTRAL STALK FROM GROUND LEVEL TO THE NODE WHERE THE EAR ATTACHES TO THE STALK.
  6. Ear Length (EAR-LENGTH) LENGTH OF THE EAR IN CENTIMETERS.
  7. Ear Number (EAR-NUMBER) NUMBER OF EARS WITH KERNELS ON THE MAIN STEM
  8. Ear Shape (EAR-SHAPE) SHAPE OF THE UPPERMOST EAR
  9. Endosperm Color (ENDOSPERM-COLOR) COLOR OF THE HARD ENDOSPERM LAYER
  10. Glume Development (GLUME-DEVELOPMENT) Glume development
  11. Husk Length (HUSK-LENGTH) LENGTH OF HUSK BEYOND OR BELOW THE TIP OF THE EAR IN CENTIMETERS. VALUE CAN BE NEGATIVE WHEN THE HUSK DOES NOT COVER THE EAR TIP.
  12. Kernel Color (KERNEL-COLOR) KERNEL COLOR
  13. Kernel Row Arrangement (KERNEL-ROW-ARRANGEMENT) ARRANGEMENT OF KERNEL ROWS FROM THE BASE TO THE TIP OF THE EAR.
  14. Kernel row Number (KERNEL-ROW-NUMBER) NUMBER OF KERNEL ROWS COUNTED ON THE CENTRAL PART OF THE UPPERMOST EAR ON THE PLANT.
  15. Kernel Type (KERNEL-TYPE) KERNEL TYPE
  16. Kernel Volume (KERNEL-VOLUME) Volume of kernels measured in a graduated cylinder. (mL/kg)
  17. Node Number (NODE-NUMBER) Number of Nodes on the main stalk from ground level up to and including the peduncle node.
  18. Node Number Above the Ear (NODES-ABOVE-EAR) Number of Nodes on the main stalk starting at the node above the ear node up to and including the peduncle node.
  19. Peduncle Height (PEDUNCLE-HEIGHT) Distance from ground level to the node where the tassel emerges on the central stalk.
  20. Pericarp Color (PERICARP-COLOR) THE COLOR AND THE PATTERN OF THE PERICARP. THE FIRST NUMBER IS THE COLOR, THE SECOND NUMBER IS THE PATTERN.
  21. Root Lodging (ROOT-LODGING) VISUAL RATING OF PLANTS LEANING FROM THE VERTICAL DUE TO ROOT LODGING
  22. Shank Length (SHANK-LENGTH) Length of the shank measured in centimeters from the insertion point on the stalk to the base of the maize ear.
  23. Colored Silk Scar (SILK-SCAR) Colored Silk Scar
  24. Stalk Lodging (STALK-LODGING) VISUAL RATING OF PLANTS BROKEN FROM GROUND LEVEL TO THE TOP EAR NODE.
  25. Tassel Type (TASSEL-TYPE) Classification of the amount of tassel branching from no branching to beyond tertiary tassel branching.
  26. Tiller Number (TILLER-NUMBER) NUMBER OF TILLERS PER PLANT
  27. Top Tassel Branch Height (TOP-TASSEL-BRANCH-HEIGHT) Distance from ground level to the insertion point on the tassel stem of the upper most tassel branch of the central stalk.
  28. Upper Kernel Shape (UPPER-KERNEL-SHAPE) SHAPE OF THE UPPER SURFACE OF THE KERNEL.
Category: PHENOLOGY
  1. AES Maturity (AES-MATURITY) A maturity rating based on comparisons to checks with a known maturity. Groups are given numerical assignments with low numbers requiring fewer days to maturity.
  2. Days to Pollen Shed (DAYS-TO-POLLEN) Number of days from planting to when 50% of observed plants have shed pollen.
  3. Days to Shed 00-09 latitude (DAYS-TO-POLLEN_LAT00-09) Number of days from planting to when 50% of observed plants have shed pollen where the observations are at latitude 0 to 9 degrees.
  4. Days to Shed 20-29 latitude (DAYS-TO-POLLEN_LAT20-29) Number of days from planting to when 50% of observed plants have shed pollen where the observations are at latitude 20 to 29 degrees.
  5. Days to Shed 40-49 latitude (DAYS-TO-POLLEN_LAT40-49) Number of days from planting to when 50% of observed plants have shed pollen where the observations are at latitude 40 to 49 degrees.
  6. Days to Silk (DAYS-TO-SILK) Number of days from planting to when silks of 50% of observed plants have emerged.
  7. Days to Silk 00-09 latitude (DAYS-TO-SILK_LAT00-09) Number of days from planting to when silks of 50% of observed plants have emerged where the observations are at latitude 0 to 9 degrees.
  8. Days to Silk 10-19 latitude (DAYS-TO-SILK_LAT10-19) Number of days from planting to when silks of 50% of observed plants have emerged where the observations are at latitude 10 to 19 degrees.
  9. Days to Silk 20-29 latitude (DAYS-TO-SILK_LAT20-29) Number of days from planting to when silks of 50% of observed plants have emerged where the observations are at latitude 20 to 29 degrees.
  10. Days to Silk 40-49 latitude (DAYS-TO-SILK_LAT40-49) Number of days from planting to when silks of 50% of observed plants have emerged where the observations are at latitude 40 to 49 degrees.
  11. Days to Silk Relative to Check (DTS-CHECK-RELATIVE) NUMBER OF DAYS PLUS OR MINUS THE DAYS TO SILK FOR THE NAMED CHECK. DAYS TO SILK IS THE NUMBER OF DAYS FROM PLANTING TO WHEN SILKS OF 50% OF OBSERVED PLANTS HAVE EMERGED.
  12. DTS Relative 30-39 Latitude (DTS-CHECK-RELATIVE_LAT30-39) Number of days plus or minus the days to silk for the named check at latitude 30-39.
  13. DTS Relative 40-49 Latitude (DTS-CHECK-RELATIVE_LAT40-49) Number of days plus or minus the days to silk for the named check at latitude 40-49.
  14. GDU ANTHESIS F (GDU-POLLEN-F) GROWING DEGREE DAYS FROM PLANTING TO 50% ANTHESIS IN DEGREES FARENHEIT.
  15. GDU ANTHESIS F LAT20-29 (GDU-POLLEN-F_LAT20-29) Growing degree units (GDU or GDD) from planting to 50% anthesis in degrees farenheit. Data is taken at 20 to 29 degrees N or S latitude. This (86,50) system uses the equation ((Tmax+Tmin)/2)-50. Tmax to 86 maximum and Tmin to 50 minimum.
  16. GDU ANTHESIS F LAT30-39 (GDU-POLLEN-F_LAT30-39) Growing degree units (GDU or GDD) from planting to 50% anthesis in degrees farenheit. Data is taken at 30 to 39 degrees N or S latitude. This (86,50) system uses the equation ((Tmax+Tmin)/2)-50. Tmax to 86 maximum and Tmin to 50 minimum.
  17. GDU ANTHESIS F LAT40-49 (GDU-POLLEN-F_LAT40-49) Growing degree units (GDU or GDD) from planting to 50% anthesis in degrees farenheit. Data is taken at 40 to 49 degrees N or S latitude. This (86,50) system uses the equation ((Tmax+Tmin)/2)-50. Tmax to 86 maximum and Tmin to 50 minimum.
  18. GDU SILKING C LAT40-49 (GDU-SILK-C_LAT40-49) Growing degree units (GDU or GDD) from planting to 50% silking in degrees Celsius at latitude 40-49.
  19. GROWING DEGREE UNITS TO SILK F (GDU-SILK-F) GROWING DEGREE DAYS FROM PLANTING TO 50% SILKING IN DEGREES FARENHEIT.
  20. GDU SILKING F LAT10-19 (GDU-SILK-F_LAT10-19) Growing degree units (GDU or GDD) from planting to 50% silking in degrees farenheit. Data is taken at 10 to 19 degrees N or S latitude. This (86,50) system uses the equation ((Tmax+Tmin)/2)-50. Tmax to 86 maximum and Tmin to 50 minimum.
  21. GDU SILKING F LAT20-29 (GDU-SILK-F_LAT20-29) Growing degree units (GDU or GDD) from planting to 50% silking in degrees farenheit. Data is taken at 20 to 29 degrees N or S latitude. This (86,50) system uses the equation ((Tmax+Tmin)/2)-50. Tmax to 86 maximum and Tmin to 50 minimum.
  22. GDU SILKING F LAT40-49 (GDU-SILK-F_LAT40-49) Growing degree units (GDU or GDD) from planting to 50% silking in degrees farenheit. Data is taken at 40 to 49 degrees N or S latitude. This (86,50) system uses the equation ((Tmax+Tmin)/2)-50. Tmax to 86 maximum and Tmin to 50 minimum.
Category: PRODUCTION
  1. Heterotic Group (HETEROTIC) The heterotic group an accession belongs to for breeding purposes. When forming hybrids that demonstrate heterosis (high performance), accessions from different heterotic groups should be crossed.
  2. 1000 Kernel Weight (KERNEL-WEIGHT-1000) The weight of 1000 kernels measured in grams, preferably with the weight adjusted to 10% moisture content.
Category: QUALITY
  1. Popping Expansion (POPPING EXPANSION) Popping Expansion
Category: ROOT
  1. Root:Shoot Ratio (RDW:SDW) RDW:SDW
  2. Aerenchyma Area (ROOT-AER-AREA) Aerenchyma area (AA), mm2
  3. Percent of Cortex as Aerenchyma (ROOT-AER-PERC) Percent of cortex as aerenchyma(%A)
  4. Number of Lateral Root Branch Points (ROOT-BRANCH-NO) Number of Lateral Branch Points
  5. Cortical Cell Area (ROOT-CELL-AREA) Cortical Cell Area (CCA), mm2
  6. Number of Cortical Cell Files (ROOT-CELLFILES-NO) Number of Cortical Cell Files (#CF)
  7. Number of Cortical Cells (ROOT-CELL-NO) Number of Cortical Cells (#CC)
  8. Percent of Cortex as Cells (ROOT-CELL-PERC) Percent of Cortex as Cells (%CCA)
  9. Total Cortical Area (ROOT-CORTICAL-AREA) Total cortical area (TCA), mm2
  10. Root Cross-Section Area (ROOT-CROSS-AREA) Root cross-section area(RXSA), mm2
  11. Average Crown Root Diameter (ROOT-CROWN-DIAM-AVG) Average Crown Root Diameter (AvgDia), mm
  12. Crown Root System Diameter (ROOT-CROWNSYS-DIAMETER) Crown Root System Diameter (SysDia), mm
  13. Root System Dry Weight (ROOT-DRY-WEIGHT) Root System Dry Weight (RDW), g
  14. Longest Nodal Root Length (ROOT-NODAL-LENGTH) Longest Nodal Root Length (NodLen), cm
  15. Number of Nodal Roots (ROOT-NODAL-NO) Number of Nodal Roots (Nod#)
  16. Number of Seminal Roots (ROOT-SEMINAL-NO) Number of Seminal Roots (Sem#)
  17. Total Steele Area (ROOT-STEELE-AREA) Total steele area (TSA), mm2
  18. Number of Root Tips (ROOT-TIP-NO) Number of Root Tips
  19. Xylem Vessel Area (ROOT-VESSEL-AREA) Xylem Vessel Area (XVA), mm2
  20. Shoot Dry Weight (SHOOT-DRY-WEIGHT) Shoot Dry Weight (SDW), g
  21. Stem Diameter (STEM-DIAMETER) Stem Diameter, mm
  22. Steele:Cross-Section Ratio (TSA:RXA) TSA:RXSA
  23. Steele:Cortex Ratio (TSA:TCA) TSA:TCA
Category: STRESS
  1. Response to Sulfonylureas (RESPONSE_SULFONYLUREAS) Response to sulfonylurea herbicides which are acetolactate synthase inhibitors. Particular chemical observed is noted in the comment.
Category: TAXONOMIC
  1. Primary Race (PRIMARY-RACE) Primary race of the accession. Mixed indicates that more than two races are present in the accession.
  2. Secondary Race (SECONDARY-RACE) Secondary race of the accession.