Details for: PI 536049, Ulmus hybr., 'Frontier'


Summary Data
Taxonomy:
Ulmus hybr.
Cultivar:
'Frontier'
Origin:
Donated – District of Columbia, United States
Maintained:
Historic Record
Received by NPGS:
07 Nov 1989
Improvement Status:
Cultivar
Form Received:
Plant
Availability
This is historical information about this accession. It no longer exists and can not be requested.
 
There are no images for this accession.

Core Passport Data
Taxonomy:
Ulmus hybr.
Cultivar:
'Frontier'
Origin:
Donated – District of Columbia, United States
Maintained:
Historic Record
Received by NPGS:
07 Nov 1989
Improvement Status:
Cultivar
Form Received:
Plant
Source History
Donated
07 November 1989.
District of Columbia, United States

Donor(s):
Accession Names and Identifiers
'Frontier'
Type: Cultivar name

NA 55393
Type: Donor identifier
Group: NA
U.S. National Arboretum

Narrative
Introduced by the U.S. National Arboretum. At 19 years, plant 8.2m tall with crown spread of 4.9m. Crown pyramidal. Leaves lanceolate, doubly serrate. Young leaves red (47A), mature to yellow green (147A). Autumn leaf color red purple (59A). Branch angle average 51 deg. Bark greyed green (197B) with large orange lenticels. Flowers absent. Reliably adaptable to USDA zone 5. Used as street, park, lanscape or highway tree. High resistance to Dutch elm (Ceratocystis ulmi). Moderate resistance to elm beetle (Xanthogaleruca luteola). Hybrid combination of U. carpinifolia x U. parvifolia.
Ulmus hybr.
Genus:
Ulmus
Family:
Ulmaceae
Nomen number:

311841
Comment:
interim designation used in GRIN for Ulmus hybrids which lack an acceptable binomial
Verified:
06/03/1987 by ARS Systematic Botanists.
Other conspecific taxa
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Common names
Annotations
Other Links
Plant Introduction Release Brochure.
Actions
Pathogens
Vouchers
Citations
  • Bentz, J. A. & A. M. Townsend. 2005. Variation in leafhopper species abundance and diversity among elm seedlings and cultivars. HortScience 40(5):1389-1393. DOI: 10.21273/HORTSCI.40.5.1389. Number of accessions cited: 4
  • Bolyard, M. G. 1994. Regeneration of 'Frontier' elm from leaf explants. J. Environm. Hort. 12(2):93-95. DOI: 10.24266/0738-2898-12.2.93. Number of accessions cited: 1
  • Bosu, P. P. & M. R. Wagner. 2008. Anatomical and nutritional factors associated with susceptibility of elms (Ulmus spp.) to the elm leaf beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 101(3):944-954. DOI: 10.1093/jee/101.3.944. Number of accessions cited: 3
  • Bosu, P. P., F. Miller & M. R. Wagner. 2007. Susceptibility of 32 elm species and hybrids (Ulmus spp.) to the elm leaf beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) under field conditions in Arizona. J. Econ. Entomol. 100(6):1808-1814. DOI: 10.1093/jee/100.6.1808. Number of accessions cited: 6
  • Condra, J. M., C. M. Brady, & D. A. Potter. 2010. Resistance of landscape-suitable elms to Japanese beetle, gall aphids, and leaf miners, with notes on life history of Orchestes alni and Agromyza aristata in Kentucky. Arboric. Urban Forestr. 36(3):101-109. Note: Preceded by Journal of Arboriculture Number of accessions cited: 6
  • Costello, L. R., S. R. Scott, & C. M. Drake. 2004. A 10-year evaluation of the performance of four elm cultivars in California, U.S. J. Arboric. 30(2):114-122. DOI: 10.48044/jauf.2004.014. Number of accessions cited: 3
  • Griffin, J. J. & W. Jacobi. 2018. Ten-year performance of the elms in the National Elm Trial. Proceedings, III International Symposium on Woody Ornamentals of the Temperate Zone. Acta Hort. 1191:31-36. DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2018.1191.5. Number of accessions cited: 5
  • McPherson, G., L. Costello, J. Harding, S. Dreistadt, M. L. Flint, & S. Mezger. 2009. National elm trial: Initial report from northern California. Western Arborist 3:32-36. Number of accessions cited: 5
  • Miller, F. & G. Ware. 2002. Suitability and feeding preference of selected North American, European, and Asian elm (Ulmus spp.) biotypes to elm leaf beetle (Coleoptera: Chyrsomelidae). J. Environm. Hort. 20(3):148-154. DOI: 10.24266/0738-2898-20.3.148. Number of accessions cited: 6
  • Miller, F. & G. Ware. 2022. Relative resistance of Ulmaceae for host susceptibility, feeding preference and suitability for the adult Japanese Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). J. Environm. Hort. 40(2):46-66. DOI: 10.24266/2573-5586-40.2.46. Number of accessions cited: 8
  • Pettus, H. J. 2016. Performance of elm taxa in Auburn, AL. M.S. Thesis - Auburn University. Unpublished thesis. Number of accessions cited: 5
  • Pooler, M. R. & A. M. Townsend. 2005. DNA fingerprinting of clones and hybrids of American Elm and other Elm species with AFLP markers. J. Environm. Hort. 23(3):113-117. DOI: 10.24266/0738-2898-23.3.113. Number of accessions cited: 9
  • Potter, D. A. & C. T. Redmond. 2013. Relative resistance or susceptibility of landscape-suitable elms (Ulmus spp.) to multiple insect pests. Arboric. Urban Forestr. 39(5):236-243. Note: Preceded by Journal of Arboriculture Number of accessions cited: 6
  • Radl, J. N. 2018. Field and bioassay of elm flea weevil (Orchestes steppensis Korotyaev) adult feeding preference and larval mine presence among new American (Ulmus americana) and hybrid el (Ulmus spp.) cultivars. M.S. Thesis - The Ohio State University. Unpublished thesis. Number of accessions cited: 4
  • Sinclair, W. A., A. M. Townsend, H. M. Griffiths, & T. H. Whitlow. 2000. Responses of six Eurasian Ulmus cultivars to a North American elm yellows phytoplasma. Pl. Dis. 84(12):1266-1270. DOI: 10.1094/PDIS.2000.84.12.1266. Number of accessions cited: 4
  • Spongberg, S. A. 1991. Cultivar registration at the Arnold Arboretum 1990. HortScience 26(5):476. DOI: 10.21273/HORTSCI.26.5.476a. Number of accessions cited: 3
  • Townsend, A. M. & L. W. Douglass. 1996. Variation in growth and response to Ophiostoma ulmi among advanced-generation progenies and clones of elms. J. Environm. Hort. 14(3):150-154. DOI: 10.24266/0738-2898-14.3.150. Number of accessions cited: 3
  • Townsend, A. M. & L. W. Douglass. 2001. Variation among American Elm clones in long-term dieback, growth, and survival following Ophiostoma inoculation. J. Environm. Hort. 19(2):100-103. DOI: 10.24266/0738-2898-19.2.100. Number of accessions cited: 4
  • Townsend, A. M. & L. W. Douglass. 2004. Evaluation of elm clones for tolerance to dutch elm disease. J. Arboric. 30(3):179-184. DOI: 10.48044/jauf.2004.022. Number of accessions cited: 3
  • Townsend, A. M., L. R. Schreiber, W. O. Masters, & S. E. Bentz. 1991. 'Frontier' elm. HortScience 26(1):80-81. DOI: 10.21273/HORTSCI.26.1.80. Number of accessions cited: 1
  • Townsend, A. M., S. E. Bentz, & G. R. Johnson. 1995. Variation in response of selected American Elm clones to Ophiostoma ulmi. J. Environm. Hort. 13(3):126-128. DOI: 10.24266/0738-2898-13.3.126. Number of accessions cited: 2
Pedigree
Description:
Ulmus carpinifolia/U. parvifolia

Observations

Phenotype Data

CategoryDescriptorDescriptionValueSample SizeStudyInventoryAvailability
DISEASEDED CROWN SYMPTOMS 1 YPIAverage percent of the tree's crown displaying symptoms (e.g. defoliation, dieback, wilting or death) in a field setting one year post inoculation with Ophiostoma novo-ulmi and/or O. ulmi spore suspensions.12 DED CROWN SYMPTOMS - TOWNSEND & DOUGLASS 2001 Not Available
DISEASEDED CROWN SYMPTOMS 1 YPIAverage percent of the tree's crown displaying symptoms (e.g. defoliation, dieback, wilting or death) in a field setting one year post inoculation with Ophiostoma novo-ulmi and/or O. ulmi spore suspensions.12 DED CROWN SYMPTOMS - TOWNSEND & DOUGLASS 2004 Not Available
DISEASEDED CROWN SYMPTOMS 1 YPIAverage percent of the tree's crown displaying symptoms (e.g. defoliation, dieback, wilting or death) in a field setting one year post inoculation with Ophiostoma novo-ulmi and/or O. ulmi spore suspensions.9 DED CROWN SYMPTOMS - TOWNSEND & DOUGLASS 1996 Not Available
DISEASEDED CROWN SYMPTOMS 2 YPIAverage percent of the tree's crown displaying symptoms (e.g. defoliation, dieback, wilting or death) in a field setting two years post inoculation with Ophiostoma novo-ulmi and/or O. ulmi spore suspensions.12 DED CROWN SYMPTOMS - TOWNSEND & DOUGLASS 2001 Not Available
DISEASEDED CROWN SYMPTOMS 2 YPIAverage percent of the tree's crown displaying symptoms (e.g. defoliation, dieback, wilting or death) in a field setting two years post inoculation with Ophiostoma novo-ulmi and/or O. ulmi spore suspensions.12 DED CROWN SYMPTOMS - TOWNSEND & DOUGLASS 2004 Not Available
DISEASEDED CROWN SYMPTOMS 2 YPIAverage percent of the tree's crown displaying symptoms (e.g. defoliation, dieback, wilting or death) in a field setting two years post inoculation with Ophiostoma novo-ulmi and/or O. ulmi spore suspensions.5 DED CROWN SYMPTOMS - TOWNSEND & DOUGLASS 1996 Not Available
DISEASEDED CROWN SYMPTOMS 28 DPIAverage percent of the tree's crown displaying symptoms (e.g. defoliation, dieback, wilting or death) in a field setting 28 days post inoculation with Ophiostoma novo-ulmi and/or O. ulmi spore suspensions.31 DED CROWN SYMPTOMS - TOWNSEND & DOUGLASS 1996 Not Available
DISEASEDED CROWN SYMPTOMS 28 DPIAverage percent of the tree's crown displaying symptoms (e.g. defoliation, dieback, wilting or death) in a field setting 28 days post inoculation with Ophiostoma novo-ulmi and/or O. ulmi spore suspensions.32 DED CROWN SYMPTOMS - TOWNSEND ET AL 1995 Not Available
DISEASEDED CROWN SYMPTOMS 7 YPIAverage percent of the tree's crown displaying symptoms (e.g. defoliation, dieback, wilting or death) in a field setting seven years post inoculation with Ophiostoma novo-ulmi and/or O. ulmi spore suspensions.22 DED CROWN SYMPTOMS - TOWNSEND & DOUGLASS 2001 Not Available
DISEASEDED CROWN SYMPTOMS 7 YPIAverage percent of the tree's crown displaying symptoms (e.g. defoliation, dieback, wilting or death) in a field setting seven years post inoculation with Ophiostoma novo-ulmi and/or O. ulmi spore suspensions.22 DED CROWN SYMPTOMS - TOWNSEND & DOUGLASS 2004 Not Available
DISEASEDED PERCENT SURVIVAL 7 YPIPercent survival (out of 56 trees) in a field setting, seven years post inoculation with Ophiostoma novo-ulmi and O. ulmi spore suspensions.82 DED CROWN SYMPTOMS - TOWNSEND & DOUGLASS 2001 Not Available
DISEASEDED PERCENT SURVIVAL 7 YPIPercent survival (out of 56 trees) in a field setting, seven years post inoculation with Ophiostoma novo-ulmi and O. ulmi spore suspensions.82 DED CROWN SYMPTOMS - TOWNSEND & DOUGLASS 2004 Not Available
INSECTELM FLEA WEEVIL ADULT FEEDINGAverage adult feeding damage (holes/square cm) on sample of ten leaves from field grown trees. Leaves collected on 17 July 2017.15.269 ELM FLEA WEEVIL Not Available
INSECTELM FLEA WEEVIL LARVAL MINESAverage number of larval mines per sample of ten leaves from field grown trees. Leaves collected on 17 July 2017.2 ELM FLEA WEEVIL Not Available
INSECTJAPANESE BEETLE FEEDING -LABPercent leaf tissue removed by adult female Japanese beetles feeding on Ulmus in no-choice (NC) feeding studies. Average of ten replicates per tree with one to three trees tested per accession.63 JAPANESE BEETLE FEEDING - LAB Not Available
INSECTJAPANESE BEETLE FEEDING -FIELDPercent defoliation by adult female Japanese beetles feeding on Ulmus in a field setting. Average of three to five trees per accession.0 JAPANESE BEETLE FEEDING - FIELD Not Available
INSECTJAPANESE BEETLE EGGS LAIDFecundity (total eggs laid) of adult female Japanese beetles ovipositing when feeding on Ulmus leaves. Average of ten replicates per tree with three trees tested per accession.9 JAPANESE BEETLE FECUNDITY Not Available
INSECTLEAFHOPPER ABUNDANCEAverage number (log10 transformed) of leafhoppers collected per trap each week.0.77 LEAFHOPPER ABUNDANCE Not Available
INSECTOVERALL INSECT RESISTANCEComposite score of resistance to four major and eight minor insect pests. Low values indicate resistance and high values indicate susceptibility. Details provided in Methods section and in cited publication.20 OVERALL INSECT RESISTANCE Not Available
INSECTELM LEAF BEETLE FEEDINGPercent defoliation by elm leaf beetles on 15-cm-long shoots that were randomly selected from the north, south, east, and west quadrants of each tree growing under field conditions. Average of five to ten trees scored over the course of one to six years.0 ELM LEAF BEETLE FEEDING Not Available
INSECTELM LEAF BEETLE EGGS - FIELDNumber of elm leaf beetle eggs on 15-cm-long shoots that were randomly selected from the north, south, east, and west quadrants of each tree growing under field conditions. Average of five to ten trees scored over the course of one to six years.0.2 ELM LEAF BEETLE EGGS - FIELD Not Available
INSECTELM LEAF BEETLE LARVAE - FIELDNumber of elm leaf beetle larvae on 15-cm-long shoots that were randomly selected from the north, south, east, and west quadrants of each tree growing under field conditions. Average of five to ten trees scored over the course of one to six years.0.4 ELM LEAF BEETLE LARVAE - FIELD Not Available
INSECTELM LEAF BEETLE LARVAE - LABNumber of days elm leaf beetle larvae survived on elm leaves in lab bioassay. Average of three replicates.6 ELM LEAF BEETLE LARVAE - LAB Not Available
INSECTELM LEAF BEETLE ADULTS - LABPercent emergence of elm leaf beetle adults from larvae feeding on elm leaves in lab bioassay. Average of three replicates.30 ELM LEAF BEETLE ADULTS - LAB Not Available
INSECTELM LEAF BEETLE EGGS - LABNumber of eggs laid per elm leaf beetle adult female on elm leaves in lab bioassay. Average of three replicates.57 ELM LEAF BEETLE EGGS - LAB Not Available
MORPHOLOGYLEAF THICKNESSLeaf thickness in microns approximately one-half the distance from the leaf margin to the mid-rib; average of ten leaves.213 LEAF THICKNESS AND TOUGHNESS Not Available
MORPHOLOGYINNER LEAF TOUGHNESSLeaf toughness in grams in the center of the leaf adjoining the mid-rib. Average of 10 leaves.22.77 LEAF THICKNESS AND TOUGHNESS Not Available
MORPHOLOGYOUTER LEAF TOUGHNESSLeaf toughness in grams within 0.5 cm from the edge of the leaf. Average of 10 leaves.22.68 LEAF THICKNESS AND TOUGHNESS Not Available
MORPHOLOGYLEAF AREALeaf surface area in square centimeters; average of 20 leaves.4 LEAF AREA Not Available
MORPHOLOGYLEAVES PER SHOOTNumber of leaves on the terminal 30 cm of new growth (measured spring 2009); average of ten shoots.101 LEAVES PER SHOOT Not Available
MORPHOLOGYADAXIAL LEAF PUBESCENCELeaf pubescence was characterized by examining upper (adaxial) leaf surfaces of leaves from each tree with a binocular microscope. Trichome density was subjectively rated as 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 corresponding to glabrous (few or none), light, moderate, dense, or very dense, respectively. Twenty leaves analyzed. 0 - Few or none. LEAF PUBESCENCE Not Available
MORPHOLOGYABAXIAL LEAF PUBESCENCELeaf pubescence was characterized by examining lower (abaxial) leaf surfaces of leaves from each tree with a binocular microscope. Trichome density was subjectively rated as 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 corresponding to glabrous (few or none), light, moderate, dense, or very dense, respectively. Twenty leaves analyzed. 0 - Few or none. LEAF PUBESCENCE Not Available
MORPHOLOGYTRICHOME DENSISTYNumber of trichomes per square centimeter of leaf along the midrib. Average of three leaves, each from a different tree.72 TRICHOME DENSISTY Not Available