Taxon:  Calophyllum inophyllum L.



Summary
Genus:
Calophyllum
Family:
Calophyllaceae
Nomen number:
8631
Place of publication:
Sp. pl. 1:513.  1753
Verified:
03/08/2012 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
18 (2  active, 2  available) in National Plant Germplasm System.  (Map it)
Other conspecific taxa
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Images (2 total. Click on image for more.)
Fruit

Conservation Status

Reference(s)
  1. University of Georgia Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health
  2. PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
  3. Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & M. T. Strong. 2012. Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 98
  4. APHIS. Agricultural Risk Management System United States Department of Agriculture.
  5. Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959-. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae.
  6. Craib, W. G. & A. F. G. Kerr, eds. 1925-1962. Florae siamensis enumeratio.
  7. Cufodontis, G. 1953-1972. Enumeratio plantarum aethiopiae: Spermatophyta.
  8. Dassanayake, M. D. & F. R. Fosberg, eds. 1980-. A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon.
  9. El Bassam, N. 1998. Energy plant species. 23.
  10. Elevitch, C. R., ed. The traditional tree initiative: species profiles for Pacific Island agroforestry (on-line resource). Note:
    • Permanent Agriculture Resources (PAR), Holualoa, Hawai'i
    • http://www.traditionaltree.org/
  11. Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage
  12. Exell, A. W. et al., eds. 1960-. Flora zambesiaca.
  13. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
  14. Friday, J. B. et al. 2021. Reforestation of degraded landscapes in Micronesia. Land 10:926. DOI: 10.3390/land10090926. Note: comments on its use in Micronesia
  15. Hammel, B. E. et al., eds. 2003-. Manual de plantas de Costa Rica
  16. Hnatiuk, R. J. 1990. Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series No. 11.
  17. Humbert, J.-H., ed. 1936-. Flore de Madagascar et des Comores.
  18. Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
  19. Jain, M. et al. 2018. A review on assessment of biodiesel production methodologies from Calophyllum inophyllum seed oil. Industr. Crops Prod. 114:28-44. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.01.051.
  20. Lampe, K. F. & M. A. McCann. 1985. AMA handbook of poisonous and injurious plants
  21. Li, H. L. et al., eds. 1975-1979. Flora of Taiwan.
  22. Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada
  23. Liogier, H. A. & L. F. Martorell. 2000. Flora of Puerto Rico and adjacent islands: a systematic synopsis, ed. 2.
  24. Matthew, K. M. 1983. The flora of the Tamilnadu Carnatic.
  25. Merrill, E. D. 1922-1926. An enumeration of Philippine flowering plants.
  26. Parham, J. W. 1972. Plants of the Fiji islands, revised ed.
  27. Personal Care Products Council. International Nomenclature Cosmetic Ingredient
  28. Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
  29. Sharma, B. D. et al., eds. 1993-. Flora of India.
  30. Smith, A. C. & S. P. Darwin. 1974. Studies of Pacific Island plants: 28. The Guttiferae of the Fijian Region. J. Arnold Arbor. 55:223-226.
  31. Smith, R. J. Botanical beads of the world (on-line resource).
  32. Soerianegara, I. & R. H. M. J. Lemmens, eds. 1993. Timber trees: major commercial timbers. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 5(1):123-124.
  33. St. John, H. 1973. List and summary of the flowering plants in the Hawaiian islands
  34. Stevens, P. F. 1974. A review of Calophyllum L. (Guttiferae) in Papuasia. Austral. J. Bot. 22:349-411.
  35. Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952-. Flora of tropical East Africa.
  36. Walker, E. 1976. Flora of Okinawa and the southern Ryukyu Islands.
  37. Woodson, R. E. & R. W. Schery, eds. 1943-1980. Flora of Panama.
  38. Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
Common names
LanguageNameAlternate namenoteseqCitation
EnglishAlexandrian-laurel  1Soerianegara, I. & R. H. M. J. Lemmens, eds. 1993. Timber trees: major commercial timbers. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 5(1):123-124.
Englishballtree  1Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
Englishbeach calophyllum  1Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
Englishbeach touriga  1Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
Englishbeautyleaf  1Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
EnglishBorneo-mahogany  1Soerianegara, I. & R. H. M. J. Lemmens, eds. 1993. Timber trees: major commercial timbers. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 5(1):123-124.
EnglishIndian doomba oiltree  1Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
EnglishIndian-laurel  1Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada
Englishlaurelwood  1Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada
Englishsatin touriga  1Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
Englishtacamahac-tree  1Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
Germanalexandrinischer Lorbeer  2Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Hawaiiankamani http://www.agroforestry.net/tti/Calophyllum-kamani.pdf2Elevitch, C. R., ed. The traditional tree initiative: species profiles for Pacific Island agroforestry (on-line resource). Note:
  • Permanent Agriculture Resources (PAR), Holualoa, Hawai'i
  • http://www.traditionaltree.org/
Indiapunnaga  2Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Spanishpalo de Santa María  2Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Spanishpalo María  2Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Spanishundi  2Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Distribution
order_codeStatusContinentSubcontinentCountryStateNoteReference
1NativeAfricaEast Tropical AfricaKenya  Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952-. Flora of tropical East Africa.
1NativeAfricaEast Tropical AfricaTanzania incl. PembaTurrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952-. Flora of tropical East Africa.
1NativeAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaMozambique  Exell, A. W. et al., eds. 1960-. Flora zambesiaca.
1NativeAfricaWestern Indian OceanComoros  Humbert, J.-H., ed. 1936-. Flore de Madagascar et des Comores.
1NativeAfricaWestern Indian OceanMadagascar  Humbert, J.-H., ed. 1936-. Flore de Madagascar et des Comores.
1NativeAfricaWestern Indian OceanMauritius   
1NativeAfricaWestern Indian OceanSeychelles   
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaHainan Sheng Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1NativeAsia-TemperateEastern AsiaJapanRyukyu Islands Walker, E. 1976. Flora of Okinawa and the southern Ryukyu Islands.
1NativeAsia-TemperateEastern AsiaTaiwan  Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentIndia s.Sharma, B. D. et al., eds. 1993-. Flora of India.
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentSri Lanka  Dassanayake, M. D. & F. R. Fosberg, eds. 1980-. A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon.
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaCambodia  Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaMyanmar   
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaThailand  Craib, W. G. & A. F. G. Kerr, eds. 1925-1962. Florae siamensis enumeratio.
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaVietnam  Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1NativeAsia-TropicalMalesiaIndonesia  Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1NativeAsia-TropicalMalesiaMalaysia  Soerianegara, I. & R. H. M. J. Lemmens, eds. 1993. Timber trees: major commercial timbers. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 5(1):123-124.
1NativeAsia-TropicalMalesiaPhilippines  Merrill, E. D. 1922-1926. An enumeration of Philippine flowering plants.
1NativeAsia-TropicalPapuasiaPapua New Guinea  Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1NativeAustralasiaAustraliaAustraliaNorthern Territory Hnatiuk, R. J. 1990. Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series No. 11.
1NativeAustralasiaAustraliaAustraliaQueensland Hnatiuk, R. J. 1990. Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series No. 11.
1NativePacificNorthwestern PacificMarshall Islands  Smith, A. C. & S. P. Darwin. 1974. Studies of Pacific Island plants: 28. The Guttiferae of the Fijian Region. J. Arnold Arbor. 55:223-226.
1NativePacificNorthwestern PacificMicronesia  Smith, A. C. & S. P. Darwin. 1974. Studies of Pacific Island plants: 28. The Guttiferae of the Fijian Region. J. Arnold Arbor. 55:223-226.
1NativePacificNorthwestern PacificPalau  Smith, A. C. & S. P. Darwin. 1974. Studies of Pacific Island plants: 28. The Guttiferae of the Fijian Region. J. Arnold Arbor. 55:223-226.
1NativePacificNorthwestern PacificUnited StatesGuam Smith, A. C. & S. P. Darwin. 1974. Studies of Pacific Island plants: 28. The Guttiferae of the Fijian Region. J. Arnold Arbor. 55:223-226.
1NativePacificNorthwestern PacificUnited StatesNorthern Mariana Islands Smith, A. C. & S. P. Darwin. 1974. Studies of Pacific Island plants: 28. The Guttiferae of the Fijian Region. J. Arnold Arbor. 55:223-226.
1NativePacificSouth-Central PacificCook Islands  Smith, A. C. & S. P. Darwin. 1974. Studies of Pacific Island plants: 28. The Guttiferae of the Fijian Region. J. Arnold Arbor. 55:223-226.
1NativePacificSouth-Central PacificFrench PolynesiaMarquesas Islands Smith, A. C. & S. P. Darwin. 1974. Studies of Pacific Island plants: 28. The Guttiferae of the Fijian Region. J. Arnold Arbor. 55:223-226.
1NativePacificSouth-Central PacificFrench PolynesiaSociety Islands Smith, A. C. & S. P. Darwin. 1974. Studies of Pacific Island plants: 28. The Guttiferae of the Fijian Region. J. Arnold Arbor. 55:223-226.
1NativePacificSouthwestern PacificFiji  Smith, A. C. & S. P. Darwin. 1974. Studies of Pacific Island plants: 28. The Guttiferae of the Fijian Region. J. Arnold Arbor. 55:223-226.
1NativePacificSouthwestern PacificSamoa  Smith, A. C. & S. P. Darwin. 1974. Studies of Pacific Island plants: 28. The Guttiferae of the Fijian Region. J. Arnold Arbor. 55:223-226.
2Cultivated    also cult. 
2CultivatedPacificNorthwestern PacificMicronesiaYap Friday, J. B. et al. 2021. Reforestation of degraded landscapes in Micronesia. Land 10:926. DOI: 10.3390/land10090926. Note: comments on its use in Micronesia
4Naturalized    natzd. elsewhere 
Native
Africa
  • EAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Kenya, Tanzania (incl. Pemba)
  • SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA: Mozambique
  • WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN: Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles
Asia-Temperate
  • CHINA: China [Hainan Sheng]
  • EASTERN ASIA: Japan [Ryukyu Islands], Taiwan
Asia-Tropical
  • INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: India (s.), Sri Lanka
  • PAPUASIA: Papua New Guinea
  • INDO-CHINA: Cambodia, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam
  • MALESIA: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines
Australasia
  • AUSTRALIA: Australia [Queensland, Northern Territory]
Pacific
  • NORTHWESTERN PACIFIC: Micronesia, Marshall Islands, Palau, United States [Guam, Northern Mariana Islands]
  • SOUTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC: Cook Islands, French Polynesia [Marquesas Islands, Society Islands]
  • SOUTHWESTERN PACIFIC: Fiji, Samoa
Cultivated

  • REGION:
Pacific
  • NORTHWESTERN PACIFIC: Micronesia [Yap]
Naturalized (natzd. elsewhere)

Reference(s)
  1. Craib, W. G. & A. F. G. Kerr, eds. 1925-1962. Florae siamensis enumeratio.
  2. Dassanayake, M. D. & F. R. Fosberg, eds. 1980-. A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon.
  3. Exell, A. W. et al., eds. 1960-. Flora zambesiaca.
  4. Friday, J. B. et al. 2021. Reforestation of degraded landscapes in Micronesia. Land 10:926. DOI: 10.3390/land10090926. Note: comments on its use in Micronesia
  5. Hnatiuk, R. J. 1990. Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series No. 11.
  6. Humbert, J.-H., ed. 1936-. Flore de Madagascar et des Comores.
  7. Merrill, E. D. 1922-1926. An enumeration of Philippine flowering plants.
  8. Sharma, B. D. et al., eds. 1993-. Flora of India.
  9. Smith, A. C. & S. P. Darwin. 1974. Studies of Pacific Island plants: 28. The Guttiferae of the Fijian Region. J. Arnold Arbor. 55:223-226.
  10. Soerianegara, I. & R. H. M. J. Lemmens, eds. 1993. Timber trees: major commercial timbers. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 5(1):123-124.
  11. Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952-. Flora of tropical East Africa.
  12. Walker, E. 1976. Flora of Okinawa and the southern Ryukyu Islands.
  13. Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
Economic Uses
UsageTypeNoteReference
Environmentalagroforestry Soerianegara, I. & R. H. M. J. Lemmens, eds. 1993. Timber trees: major commercial timbers. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 5(1):123-124.
Environmentalfirebreak Friday, J. B. et al. 2021. Reforestation of degraded landscapes in Micronesia. Land 10:926. DOI: 10.3390/land10090926. Note: comments on its use in Micronesia
Environmentalornamental Soerianegara, I. & R. H. M. J. Lemmens, eds. 1993. Timber trees: major commercial timbers. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 5(1):123-124.
Environmentalshade/shelter Soerianegara, I. & R. H. M. J. Lemmens, eds. 1993. Timber trees: major commercial timbers. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 5(1):123-124.
Fuelspetroleum substitute/alcoholpotentialJain, M. et al. 2018. A review on assessment of biodiesel production methodologies from Calophyllum inophyllum seed oil. Industr. Crops Prod. 114:28-44. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.01.051.
Materialsbeads Smith, R. J. Botanical beads of the world (on-line resource).
Materialsgum/resin Soerianegara, I. & R. H. M. J. Lemmens, eds. 1993. Timber trees: major commercial timbers. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 5(1):123-124.
Materialslipids Soerianegara, I. & R. H. M. J. Lemmens, eds. 1993. Timber trees: major commercial timbers. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 5(1):123-124.
Materialswood Friday, J. B. et al. 2021. Reforestation of degraded landscapes in Micronesia. Land 10:926. DOI: 10.3390/land10090926. Note: comments on its use in Micronesia
Materialswoodsource of "beach inophyllum" timberSoerianegara, I. & R. H. M. J. Lemmens, eds. 1993. Timber trees: major commercial timbers. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 5(1):123-124.
Medicinesfolklore Soerianegara, I. & R. H. M. J. Lemmens, eds. 1993. Timber trees: major commercial timbers. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 5(1):123-124.
Medicinesfolklore Sharma, B. D. et al., eds. 1993-. Flora of India.
Vertebrate poisonsmammals Lampe, K. F. & M. A. McCann. 1985. AMA handbook of poisonous and injurious plants
Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2026. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://npgstest.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=8631. Accessed 12 May 2026.