Taxon: Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi

Summary

Genus:

Schinus

Family:

Anacardiaceae

Subfamily:

Anacardioideae

Nomen number:

70672

Place of publication:

Mem. Mat. Fis. Soc. Ital. Sci. Modena, Pt. Mem. Fis. 18:399. 1820

Verified:

07/03/2001 ARS Systematic Botanists.

Accessions:

10 (1 active, 0 available) in National Plant Germplasm System. (Map it)

Other conspecific taxa

Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi var. acutifolia Engl. (0 active accession[s])
Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi var. pohliana Engl. (0 active accession[s])
Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi var. raddiana Engl. (0 active accession[s])
Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi var. rhoifolia (Mart.) Engl. (0 active accession[s])
Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi var. terebinthifolia (0 active accession[s])

Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations

Images (2 total. Click on image for more.)

Links

Forestry Images – Images of invasive weeds from www.forestryimages.org

Conservation Status

Reference(s)

University of Georgia Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health
Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & M. T. Strong. 2012. Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 98
Angely, J. A. 1965. Flora analitica do Parana. Note: lists as "terebinthifolius"
Baldwin, B. G. et al., eds. The Jepson manual: vascular plants of California (on-line resource).
Berhaut, J. 1971-. Flore illustrée du Senegal. Note: lists as "terebinthifolius"
Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants. Florida state list aquatic & wetland noxious weeds - from Department of Environmental Protection (on-line resource).
Conant, P. et al. 1997. Appendix. Selected plant species interfering with resource management goals in North American natural areas. In: Luken, J. O. & J. W. Thieret, eds., Assessment and management of plant invasions. 255-267.
Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs Note: lists as "terebinthifolius"
Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage
Erhardt, W. et al. 2002. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 17. Auflage Note: lists as "terebinthifolius"
Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
Fosberg, F. R. et al. 1979-1982. Geographical checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae/ Pteridophyta and Gymnospermae. Note: lists as "terebinthifolius"
George, A. S., ed. 1980-. Flora of Australia.
Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14 National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
Greuter, W. et al., eds. 1984-. Med-Checklist.
Harling, G. & B. Sparre, eds. 1973-. Flora of Ecuador. Note: lists as "terebinthifolius"
Henderson, L. 2001. Alien weeds and invasive plants: a complete guide to declared weeds and invaders in South Africa. Plant Protection Research Institute, Handbook 12 Note: lists as "terebinthifolius"
Hickman, J. C., ed. 1993. The Jepson manual: higher plants of California Note: lists as "terebinthifolius"
Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening
Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
IPGRI. New World Fruits Database (on-line resource).
Lampe, K. F. & M. A. McCann. 1985. AMA handbook of poisonous and injurious plants
Lazarides, M. & B. Hince. 1993. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia Note: lists as "terebinthifolius"
Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada Note: lists as "terebinthifolius"
Martin, G. D. et al. 2020. Climate modelling suggests a review of the legal status of Brazilian pepper Schinus terebinthifolia in South Africa is required. S. African J. Bot. 132:95-102. DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2020.04.019. Note: predicts invasion to Western Cape Province
Mazza, M. C. M. et al. 2011. Schinus terebinthifolius. Aroeira-pimenteira. In: Coradin, L. et al., Espécies nativas da flora brasileira de valor econômico atual ou potencial: plantas para o futuro: região Sul 226-242. Note: as Schinus terebinthifolius is recorded to be widely distributed in Brazil; its industrial use is regulated, its fruits used as spice are mostly extracted from native populations, and in cultivation in Espírito Santo
McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland. Note: lists as "terebinthifolius"
Muhs, A. et al. 2017. Virulence inhibitors from Brazilian peppertree block quorum sensing and abate dermonecrosis in skin infection models. Nature 7:42275.
Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970-. Flora of [West] Pakistan. Note: lists as "terebinthifolius"
Personal Care Products Council. International Nomenclature Cosmetic Ingredient
Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants Note: lists as "terebinthifolius"
Reitz, R., ed. 1965-. Flora ilustrada catarinense. Note: lists as "terebinthifolius"
Spichiger, R., ed. 1985-. Flora del Paraguay.
Steenis, C. G. G. J. van, ed. 1948-. Flora malesiana. Note: mentions
Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea. Note: lists as "terebinthifolia"
USDA National Agricultural Library. National Invasive Species Information Center (on-line resource).
Velasques, J. et al. 2021. Genetic and chemodiversity in native populations of Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi along the Brazilian Atlantic forest. Sci. Rep. 11:20487. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00015-0. www.nature.com/srep/
Vermeulen, N. 1999. Encyclopaedia of Herbs. Note: Rebo Productions, Netherlands.
Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds Note: lists as "terebinthifolius"
Woodson, R. E. & R. W. Schery, eds. 1943-1980. Flora of Panama. Note: lists as "terebinthifolius"
Wunderlin, R. & B. Hansen. Atlas of Florida vascular plants (on-line resource).
Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.

Common names

Language	Name	seq	Citation
English	Brazilian peppertree	1	Wiersema, J. H. & B. León. 1999. World economic plants: a standard reference CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
English	Christmasberry-tree	1	Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening
Afrikaans	Brasiliaanse peperboom	2	Henderson, L. 2001. Alien weeds and invasive plants: a complete guide to declared weeds and invaders in South Africa. Plant Protection Research Institute, Handbook 12 Note: lists as "terebinthifolius"
French	faux poivrier	2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants Note: lists as "terebinthifolius"
Portuguese (Brazil)	aroeira	2	Muhs, A. et al. 2017. Virulence inhibitors from Brazilian peppertree block quorum sensing and abate dermonecrosis in skin infection models. Nature 7:42275.
Portuguese (Brazil)	aroeira pimenteira	2	Mazza, M. C. M. et al. 2011. Schinus terebinthifolius. Aroeira-pimenteira. In: Coradin, L. et al., Espécies nativas da flora brasileira de valor econômico atual ou potencial: plantas para o futuro: região Sul 226-242. Note: as Schinus terebinthifolius is recorded to be widely distributed in Brazil; its industrial use is regulated, its fruits used as spice are mostly extracted from native populations, and in cultivation in Espírito Santo
Portuguese (Brazil)	aroeira vermelha	2	Mazza, M. C. M. et al. 2011. Schinus terebinthifolius. Aroeira-pimenteira. In: Coradin, L. et al., Espécies nativas da flora brasileira de valor econômico atual ou potencial: plantas para o futuro: região Sul 226-242. Note: as Schinus terebinthifolius is recorded to be widely distributed in Brazil; its industrial use is regulated, its fruits used as spice are mostly extracted from native populations, and in cultivation in Espírito Santo
Spanish	copal	2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants Note: lists as "terebinthifolius"
Spanish	pimienta de Brasil	2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants Note: lists as "terebinthifolius"

Distribution

order_code	Status	Continent	Subcontinent	Country	State	Note	Reference
1	Native	Southern America	Brazil	Brazil	Alagoas		Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
1	Native	Southern America	Brazil	Brazil	Bahia		Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
1	Native	Southern America	Brazil	Brazil	Ceará		Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
1	Native	Southern America	Brazil	Brazil	Espírito Santo		Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
1	Native	Southern America	Brazil	Brazil	Maranhão		Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
1	Native	Southern America	Brazil	Brazil	Mato Grosso		Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
1	Native	Southern America	Brazil	Brazil	Mato Grosso do Sul		Velasques, J. et al. 2021. Genetic and chemodiversity in native populations of Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi along the Brazilian Atlantic forest. Sci. Rep. 11:20487. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00015-0. www.nature.com/srep/
1	Native	Southern America	Brazil	Brazil	Minas Gerais		Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
1	Native	Southern America	Brazil	Brazil	Paraíba		Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
1	Native	Southern America	Brazil	Brazil	Paraná		Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
1	Native	Southern America	Brazil	Brazil	Pernambuco		Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
1	Native	Southern America	Brazil	Brazil	Rio de Janeiro		Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
1	Native	Southern America	Brazil	Brazil	Rio Grande do Sul		Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
1	Native	Southern America	Brazil	Brazil	Santa Catarina		Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
1	Native	Southern America	Brazil	Brazil	São Paulo		Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
1	Native	Southern America	Southern South America	Argentina	Corrientes		Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.
1	Native	Southern America	Southern South America	Argentina	Misiones		Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.
1	Native	Southern America	Southern South America	Paraguay	Alto Paraná		Spichiger, R., ed. 1985-. Flora del Paraguay.
1	Native	Southern America	Southern South America	Paraguay	Caaguazú		Spichiger, R., ed. 1985-. Flora del Paraguay.
1	Native	Southern America	Southern South America	Paraguay	Caazapá		Spichiger, R., ed. 1985-. Flora del Paraguay.
1	Native	Southern America	Southern South America	Paraguay	Canindeyú		Spichiger, R., ed. 1985-. Flora del Paraguay.
1	Native	Southern America	Southern South America	Paraguay	Central		Spichiger, R., ed. 1985-. Flora del Paraguay.
1	Native	Southern America	Southern South America	Paraguay	Cordillera		Spichiger, R., ed. 1985-. Flora del Paraguay.
1	Native	Southern America	Southern South America	Paraguay	Guairá		Spichiger, R., ed. 1985-. Flora del Paraguay.
1	Native	Southern America	Southern South America	Paraguay	Itapúa		Spichiger, R., ed. 1985-. Flora del Paraguay.
1	Native	Southern America	Southern South America	Paraguay	Misiones		Spichiger, R., ed. 1985-. Flora del Paraguay.
1	Native	Southern America	Southern South America	Paraguay	Paraguarí		Spichiger, R., ed. 1985-. Flora del Paraguay.
1	Native	Southern America	Southern South America	Paraguay	San Pedro		Spichiger, R., ed. 1985-. Flora del Paraguay.
1	Native	Southern America	Southern South America	Uruguay			Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.
2	Cultivated					widely cult.
2	Cultivated	Southern America	Brazil	Brazil	Espírito Santo		Mazza, M. C. M. et al. 2011. Schinus terebinthifolius. Aroeira-pimenteira. In: Coradin, L. et al., Espécies nativas da flora brasileira de valor econômico atual ou potencial: plantas para o futuro: região Sul 226-242. Note: as Schinus terebinthifolius is recorded to be widely distributed in Brazil; its industrial use is regulated, its fruits used as spice are mostly extracted from native populations, and in cultivation in Espírito Santo
4	Naturalized	Africa	Southern Africa	Botswana			Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14 National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
4	Naturalized	Africa	Southern Africa	South Africa			Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14 National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
4	Naturalized	Africa	Western Indian Ocean	Mauritius			Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	Western Indian Ocean	Mayotte			Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	Western Indian Ocean	Reunion			Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Australasia	Australia	Australia	Queensland		George, A. S., ed. 1980-. Flora of Australia.
4	Naturalized	Europe	Southwestern Europe	Portugal			Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea. Note: lists as "terebinthifolia"
4	Naturalized	Europe	Southwestern Europe	Spain			Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea. Note: lists as "terebinthifolia"
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Florida		Wunderlin, R. & B. Hansen. Atlas of Florida vascular plants (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Southwestern U.S.A.	United States	California		Baldwin, B. G. et al., eds. The Jepson manual: vascular plants of California (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Pacific	North-Central Pacific	United States	Hawaii		Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds Note: lists as "terebinthifolius"
4	Naturalized	Pacific	North-Central Pacific	United States	United States Minor Outlying Islands		Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Pacific	Southwestern Pacific	New Caledonia			Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Caribbean	Bahamas			Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & M. T. Strong. 2012. Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 98
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Caribbean	Cuba			Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & M. T. Strong. 2012. Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 98
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Caribbean	Hispaniola			Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & M. T. Strong. 2012. Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 98
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Caribbean	United States	Puerto Rico		Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & M. T. Strong. 2012. Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 98
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Caribbean	United States	Virgin Islands, U.S.		Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & M. T. Strong. 2012. Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 98
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Caribbean	Virgin Islands (British)	Anegada		Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & M. T. Strong. 2012. Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 98

Native
Southern America

BRAZIL: Brazil [Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Espírito Santo, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Paraíba, Paraná, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, São Paulo]
SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina [Corrientes, Misiones], Paraguay [Alto Paraná, Caaguazú, Caazapá, Canindeyú, Central, Cordillera, Guairá, Itapúa, Misiones, Paraguarí, San Pedro], Uruguay

Cultivated

REGION:

Southern America

BRAZIL: Brazil [Espírito Santo]

Naturalized
Africa

SOUTHERN AFRICA: Botswana, South Africa
WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN: Mauritius, Reunion, Mayotte

Australasia

AUSTRALIA: Australia [Queensland]

Europe

SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: Spain, Portugal

Northern America

SOUTHEASTERN U.S.A.: United States [Florida]
SOUTHWESTERN U.S.A.: United States [California]

Pacific

NORTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC: United States [Hawaii, United States Minor Outlying Islands]
SOUTHWESTERN PACIFIC: New Caledonia

Southern America

CARIBBEAN: Hispaniola, Bahamas, Cuba, United States [Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, U.S.], Virgin Islands (British) [Anegada]

Reference(s)

Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & M. T. Strong. 2012. Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 98
Baldwin, B. G. et al., eds. The Jepson manual: vascular plants of California (on-line resource).
Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
George, A. S., ed. 1980-. Flora of Australia.
Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14 National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
Mazza, M. C. M. et al. 2011. Schinus terebinthifolius. Aroeira-pimenteira. In: Coradin, L. et al., Espécies nativas da flora brasileira de valor econômico atual ou potencial: plantas para o futuro: região Sul 226-242. Note: as Schinus terebinthifolius is recorded to be widely distributed in Brazil; its industrial use is regulated, its fruits used as spice are mostly extracted from native populations, and in cultivation in Espírito Santo
Spichiger, R., ed. 1985-. Flora del Paraguay.
Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea. Note: lists as "terebinthifolia"
Velasques, J. et al. 2021. Genetic and chemodiversity in native populations of Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi along the Brazilian Atlantic forest. Sci. Rep. 11:20487. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00015-0. www.nature.com/srep/
Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds Note: lists as "terebinthifolius"
Wunderlin, R. & B. Hansen. Atlas of Florida vascular plants (on-line resource).
Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.

Economic Uses

Usage	Type	Note	Reference
Bee plants	honey production		Mazza, M. C. M. et al. 2011. Schinus terebinthifolius. Aroeira-pimenteira. In: Coradin, L. et al., Espécies nativas da flora brasileira de valor econômico atual ou potencial: plantas para o futuro: região Sul 226-242. Note: as Schinus terebinthifolius is recorded to be widely distributed in Brazil; its industrial use is regulated, its fruits used as spice are mostly extracted from native populations, and in cultivation in Espírito Santo
Environmental	ornamental		Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds Note: lists as "terebinthifolius"
Environmental	ornamental		Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage
Environmental	revegetator	for poor, and saturated soils	Mazza, M. C. M. et al. 2011. Schinus terebinthifolius. Aroeira-pimenteira. In: Coradin, L. et al., Espécies nativas da flora brasileira de valor econômico atual ou potencial: plantas para o futuro: região Sul 226-242. Note: as Schinus terebinthifolius is recorded to be widely distributed in Brazil; its industrial use is regulated, its fruits used as spice are mostly extracted from native populations, and in cultivation in Espírito Santo
Food additives	coloring	can be toxic	Vermeulen, N. 1999. Encyclopaedia of Herbs. Note: Rebo Productions, Netherlands.
Food additives	flavoring		Mazza, M. C. M. et al. 2011. Schinus terebinthifolius. Aroeira-pimenteira. In: Coradin, L. et al., Espécies nativas da flora brasileira de valor econômico atual ou potencial: plantas para o futuro: região Sul 226-242. Note: as Schinus terebinthifolius is recorded to be widely distributed in Brazil; its industrial use is regulated, its fruits used as spice are mostly extracted from native populations, and in cultivation in Espírito Santo
Medicines	folklore		Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs Note: lists as "terebinthifolius"
Medicines	folklore		McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland. Note: lists as "terebinthifolius"
Vertebrate poisons	mammals		Lampe, K. F. & M. A. McCann. 1985. AMA handbook of poisonous and injurious plants
Weed			Lazarides, M. & B. Hince. 1993. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia Note: lists as "terebinthifolius"
Weed			Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds Note: lists as "terebinthifolius"
Weed			Henderson, L. 2001. Alien weeds and invasive plants: a complete guide to declared weeds and invaders in South Africa. Plant Protection Research Institute, Handbook 12 Note: lists as "terebinthifolius"

Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2026. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://npgstest.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=70672. Accessed 13 May 2026.