Taxon: Arachis hypogaea L.

Summary

Genus:

Arachis

Section:

Arachis

Family:

Fabaceae (alt. Leguminosae)

Subfamily:

Faboideae

Tribe:

Dalbergieae

Nomen number:

3785

Place of publication:

Sp. pl. 2:741. 1753

Typification:

View in Linnean Typification Project

Verified:

12/22/2009 ARS Systematic Botanists.

Accessions:

7981 (7010 active, 6375 available) in National Plant Germplasm System. (Map it)

Other conspecific taxa

Arachis hypogaea L. subsp. fastigiata Waldron (365 active accession[s])
Arachis hypogaea L. subsp. fastigiata Waldron var. aequatoriana Krapov. & W. C. Greg. (62 active accession[s])
Arachis hypogaea L. subsp. fastigiata Waldron var. fastigiata (Waldron) Krapov. & W. C. Greg. (1149 active accession[s])
Arachis hypogaea L. subsp. fastigiata Waldron var. peruviana Krapov. & W. C. Greg. (23 active accession[s])
Arachis hypogaea L. subsp. fastigiata Waldron var. vulgaris Harz (130 active accession[s])
Arachis hypogaea L. subsp. hypogaea (176 active accession[s])
Arachis hypogaea L. subsp. hypogaea var. hirsuta J. Kohler (28 active accession[s])
Arachis hypogaea L. subsp. hypogaea var. hypogaea (533 active accession[s])

Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations

Images (2 total. Click on image for more.)

Conservation Status

Reference(s)

PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
APHIS. Agricultural Risk Management System United States Department of Agriculture.
Bertioli, D. J. et al. 2019. The genome sequence of segmental allotetraploid peanut Arachis hypogaea. Nat. Genet. 51:877-884. DOI: 10.1038/s41588-019-0405-z.
Burow, M. D. et al. 2001. Transmission genetics of chromatin from a synthetic amphidiploid to cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.): broadening the gene pool of a monophyletic polyploid species. Genetics 159:823-837.
Burow, M. D. et al. 2009. Molecular biogeographic study of recently described B- and A-genome Arachis species, also providing new insights into the origins of cultivated peanut. Genome 52:107-109.
Butler, R. A. 2006. High oil prices fuel bioenergy push. Note: re. potential use as fuel substitute
Cooper, M. R. & A. W. Johnson. 1998. Poisonous plants and fungi in Britain: animal and human poisoning Note: poisonous
Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage
Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
Galgaro, L. et al. 1998. Genetic variation between several species of sections Extranervosae, Caulorrhizae, Heteranthae, and Triseminatae (genus Arachis) estimated by DNA polymorphism. Genome 41:445-454.
Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14 National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
Hermann, F. J. 1954. A synopsis of the genus Arachis. Agric. Monogr. U.S.D.A. 19:13.
Hilu, K. W. & H. T. Stalker. 1995. Genetic relationships between peanut and wild species of Arachis sect. Arachis (Fabaceae): evidence from RAPDs. Pl. Syst. Evol. 198:167-178.
International Legume Database & Information Service. International Legume Database and Information Service (on-line resource).
International Seed Testing Association. 1982. A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names 1. Field crops, grasses and vegetables, ed. 2.
Johansen, E. L. & B. W. Smith. 1956. Arachis hypogaea X A. diogoi. Embryo and seed failure. Amer. J. Bot. 43:250-257.
Kingsbury, J. M. 1964. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada. Note: poisonous
Krapovickas, A. & V. A. Rigoni. 1960. La nomenclatura de las subespecies y variedades de Arachis hypogaea L. Revista Invest. Agríc. 14:221-227.
Krapovickas, A. & W. C. Gregory. 1994. Taxonomía del género Arachis (Leguminosae). Bonplandia 8:147-151.
Kumar, S & P. V. Sane. 2003. Legumes of South Asia: a checklist.
Lazarides, M. & B. Hince. 1993. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia
Lee, Y. N. 1997. Flora of Korea.
Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada
Lock, J. M. 1989. Legumes of Africa: a checklist
Maesen, L. J. G. van der & Sadikin Somaatmadja, eds. 1989. Pulses. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 1:35.
Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2
McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
Mun-Chan, B. et al. 1986. A checklist of the Korean cultivated plants. Kulturpflanze 34:78.
Personal Care Products Council. International Nomenclature Cosmetic Ingredient
Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
Raina, S. N. et al. 2001. RAPD and ISSR fingerprints as useful genetic markers for analysis of genetic diversity, varietal identification, and phylogenetic relationships in peanut (Arachis hypogaea) cultivars and wild species. Genome 44:763-772.
Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Resslar, P. M. 1980. A review of the nomenclature of the genus Arachis L. Euphytica 29:815. Note: Netherlands journal of plant breeding
Subramanian, V. et al. 2000. Identification of DNA polymorphism in cultivated groundnut using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay. Genome 43:656-660.
Terrell, E. E. et al. 1986. Agricultural Handbook no. 505
Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
Walker, E. 1976. Flora of Okinawa and the southern Ryukyu Islands.
Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).

Common names

Language	Name	Alternate name	seq	Citation
English	goober		1	Terrell, E. E. et al. 1986. Agricultural Handbook no. 505
English	groundnut		1	Wiersema, J. H. & B. León. 1999. World economic plants: a standard reference CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
English	peanut		1	Wiersema, J. H. & B. León. 1999. World economic plants: a standard reference CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
Arabic	ful sudane		2	Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
Chinese	luo hua sheng	落花生	2	Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
French	arachide		2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
French	cacahuète		2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
French	pistache de terre		2	PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
German	Erdnuß		2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Italian	arachide		2	International Seed Testing Association. 1982. A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names 1. Field crops, grasses and vegetables, ed. 2.
Japanese Rōmaji	nankin-mame		2	Lee, Y. N. 1997. Flora of Korea.
Japanese Rōmaji	rakka-sei		2	Walker, E. 1976. Flora of Okinawa and the southern Ryukyu Islands.
Portuguese	amendoim		2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Portuguese	caranga		2	PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
Portuguese	mandobi		2	PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
Spanish	avellana americana		2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Spanish	cacahuete		2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Spanish	cocos		2	Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
Spanish	maní		2	Krapovickas, A. & W. C. Gregory. 1994. Taxonomía del género Arachis (Leguminosae). Bonplandia 8:147-151.
Swahili	karanga		2	PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
Swahili	mjugu nyasa		2	PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
Swahili	mnjugu nyasa		2	PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
Swedish	jordnöt		2	Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
Transcribed Korean	ttangkong		2	Mun-Chan, B. et al. 1986. A checklist of the Korean cultivated plants. Kulturpflanze 34:78.

Distribution

order_code	Status	Continent	Subcontinent	Country	State	Note	Reference
2	Cultivated	Africa	East Tropical Africa	Kenya			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	East Tropical Africa	Tanzania			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	East Tropical Africa	Uganda			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	Northeast Tropical Africa	Chad			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	Northeast Tropical Africa	Eritrea			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	Northeast Tropical Africa	Ethiopia			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	Northeast Tropical Africa	Somalia			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	Northeast Tropical Africa	Sudan			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	South Tropical Africa	Angola			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	South Tropical Africa	Malawi			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	South Tropical Africa	Mozambique			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	South Tropical Africa	Zambia			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	South Tropical Africa	Zimbabwe			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	Southern Africa	Botswana			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	Southern Africa	Namibia			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	Southern Africa	South Africa			International Legume Database & Information Service. International Legume Database and Information Service (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Benin			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Burkina Faso			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Côte D'Ivoire			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Gambia			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Ghana			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Guinea			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Guinea-Bissau			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Mali			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Mauritania			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Niger			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Nigeria			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Senegal			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Togo			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	West-Central Tropical Africa	Cameroon			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	West-Central Tropical Africa	Central African Republic			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	West-Central Tropical Africa	Equatorial Guinea			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	West-Central Tropical Africa	Gabon			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	Western Indian Ocean	Comoros			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	Western Indian Ocean	Madagascar			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	Western Indian Ocean	Mauritius			International Legume Database & Information Service. International Legume Database and Information Service (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	Western Indian Ocean	Reunion			International Legume Database & Information Service. International Legume Database and Information Service (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	Western Indian Ocean	Seychelles			International Legume Database & Information Service. International Legume Database and Information Service (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	Caucasus	Armenia			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	Caucasus	Azerbaijan			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	Caucasus	Georgia			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	Caucasus	Russian Federation-Ciscaucasia	Ciscaucasia		Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	China	China			Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	Eastern Asia	Japan			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	Eastern Asia	Korea			Mun-Chan, B. et al. 1986. A checklist of the Korean cultivated plants. Kulturpflanze 34:78.
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	Eastern Asia	Taiwan			Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	Middle Asia	Kazakhstan			International Legume Database & Information Service. International Legume Database and Information Service (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	Middle Asia	Kyrgyzstan			International Legume Database & Information Service. International Legume Database and Information Service (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	Middle Asia	Tajikistan			International Legume Database & Information Service. International Legume Database and Information Service (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	Middle Asia	Turkmenistan			International Legume Database & Information Service. International Legume Database and Information Service (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	Middle Asia	Uzbekistan			International Legume Database & Information Service. International Legume Database and Information Service (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	Mongolia	Mongolia			International Legume Database & Information Service. International Legume Database and Information Service (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Iraq			International Legume Database & Information Service. International Legume Database and Information Service (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Turkey			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	India			Maesen, L. J. G. van der & Sadikin Somaatmadja, eds. 1989. Pulses. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 1:35.
2	Cultivated	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	Nepal			International Legume Database & Information Service. International Legume Database and Information Service (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	Pakistan			International Legume Database & Information Service. International Legume Database and Information Service (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	Sri Lanka			International Legume Database & Information Service. International Legume Database and Information Service (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Asia-Tropical	Indo-China	Laos			International Legume Database & Information Service. International Legume Database and Information Service (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Asia-Tropical	Indo-China	Myanmar			Maesen, L. J. G. van der & Sadikin Somaatmadja, eds. 1989. Pulses. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 1:35.
2	Cultivated	Asia-Tropical	Indo-China	Thailand			Maesen, L. J. G. van der & Sadikin Somaatmadja, eds. 1989. Pulses. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 1:35.
2	Cultivated	Asia-Tropical	Indo-China	Vietnam			Maesen, L. J. G. van der & Sadikin Somaatmadja, eds. 1989. Pulses. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 1:35.
2	Cultivated	Asia-Tropical	Malesia	Indonesia			Maesen, L. J. G. van der & Sadikin Somaatmadja, eds. 1989. Pulses. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 1:35.
2	Cultivated	Asia-Tropical	Malesia	Malaysia			International Legume Database & Information Service. International Legume Database and Information Service (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Asia-Tropical	Malesia	Philippines			International Legume Database & Information Service. International Legume Database and Information Service (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Asia-Tropical	Papuasia	Papua New Guinea			International Legume Database & Information Service. International Legume Database and Information Service (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Australasia	Australia	Australia			International Legume Database & Information Service. International Legume Database and Information Service (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Australasia	New Zealand	New Zealand			International Legume Database & Information Service. International Legume Database and Information Service (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Europe	Eastern Europe	Belarus			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Europe	Eastern Europe	Moldova			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Europe	Eastern Europe	Ukraine			Terrell, E. E. et al. 1986. Agricultural Handbook no. 505
2	Cultivated	Europe	Southwestern Europe	Spain			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Northern America		United States		s.e.	Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2
2	Cultivated	Pacific	Northwestern Pacific	United States	Northern Mariana Islands		International Legume Database & Information Service. International Legume Database and Information Service (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Pacific	South-Central Pacific	French Polynesia	Society Islands		International Legume Database & Information Service. International Legume Database and Information Service (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Pacific	Southwestern Pacific	Fiji			International Legume Database & Information Service. International Legume Database and Information Service (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Pacific	Southwestern Pacific	Niue			International Legume Database & Information Service. International Legume Database and Information Service (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Southern America	Brazil	Brazil			International Legume Database & Information Service. International Legume Database and Information Service (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Southern America	Caribbean	West Indies			International Legume Database & Information Service. International Legume Database and Information Service (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Southern America	Central America	Central America			International Legume Database & Information Service. International Legume Database and Information Service (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Southern America	Northern South America	French Guiana			International Legume Database & Information Service. International Legume Database and Information Service (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Southern America	Southern South America	Argentina			Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
2	Cultivated	Southern America	Western South America	Bolivia			International Legume Database & Information Service. International Legume Database and Information Service (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Southern America	Western South America	Colombia			International Legume Database & Information Service. International Legume Database and Information Service (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Southern America	Western South America	Peru			International Legume Database & Information Service. International Legume Database and Information Service (on-line resource).

Cultivated
Africa

NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan, Somalia, Chad
EAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
WEST-CENTRAL TROPICAL AFRICA: Central African Republic, Cameroon, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea
WEST TROPICAL AFRICA: Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte D'Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Togo
SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA: Angola, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe
SOUTHERN AFRICA: Botswana, Namibia, South Africa
WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN: Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, Reunion, Seychelles

Asia-Temperate

WESTERN ASIA: Iraq, Turkey
CAUCASUS: Russian Federation-Ciscaucasia [Ciscaucasia], Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia
MIDDLE ASIA: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
MONGOLIA: Mongolia
CHINA: China
EASTERN ASIA: Korea, Japan, Taiwan

Asia-Tropical

INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Pakistan
PAPUASIA: Papua New Guinea
INDO-CHINA: Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam
MALESIA: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines

Australasia

AUSTRALIA: Australia
NEW ZEALAND: New Zealand

Europe

EASTERN EUROPE: Belarus, Moldova, Ukraine
SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: Spain

Northern America

REGION: United States (s.e.)

Pacific

NORTHWESTERN PACIFIC: United States [Northern Mariana Islands]
SOUTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC: French Polynesia [Society Islands]
SOUTHWESTERN PACIFIC: Fiji, Niue

Southern America

CARIBBEAN: West Indies
CENTRAL AMERICA: Central America
NORTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: French Guiana
BRAZIL: Brazil
WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA: Bolivia, Colombia, Peru
SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina

Reference(s)

PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
International Legume Database & Information Service. International Legume Database and Information Service (on-line resource).
Maesen, L. J. G. van der & Sadikin Somaatmadja, eds. 1989. Pulses. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 1:35.
Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2
Mun-Chan, B. et al. 1986. A checklist of the Korean cultivated plants. Kulturpflanze 34:78.
Terrell, E. E. et al. 1986. Agricultural Handbook no. 505
Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).

Economic Uses

Usage	Type	Note	Reference
Animal food	fodder	vegetative residues & pressed seed-cake following oil extraction used	Maesen, L. J. G. van der & Sadikin Somaatmadja, eds. 1989. Pulses. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 1:35.
Fuels	petroleum substitute/alcohol	potential	Butler, R. A. 2006. High oil prices fuel bioenergy push. Note: re. potential use as fuel substitute
Human food	oil/fat		Maesen, L. J. G. van der & Sadikin Somaatmadja, eds. 1989. Pulses. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 1:35.
Human food	pulse		Maesen, L. J. G. van der & Sadikin Somaatmadja, eds. 1989. Pulses. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 1:35.
Materials	lipids	for industrial use, cosmetics	PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
Medicines	folklore		Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
Medicines	folklore		McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
Vertebrate poisons	birds		Kingsbury, J. M. 1964. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada. Note: poisonous
Vertebrate poisons	birds		Cooper, M. R. & A. W. Johnson. 1998. Poisonous plants and fungi in Britain: animal and human poisoning Note: poisonous
Vertebrate poisons	mammals		Kingsbury, J. M. 1964. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada. Note: poisonous
Vertebrate poisons	mammals		Cooper, M. R. & A. W. Johnson. 1998. Poisonous plants and fungi in Britain: animal and human poisoning Note: poisonous

Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2026. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://npgstest.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=3785. Accessed 11 May 2026.