Taxon:  Foeniculum vulgare Mill. subsp. vulgare var. vulgare (Foeniculum vulgare Bitter Fennel or Common Fennel Group)



Summary
Genus:
Foeniculum
Family:
Apiaceae (alt. Umbelliferae)
Subfamily:
Apioideae
Tribe:
Apieae
Nomen number:
209
Comment:
or Foeniculum vulgare Bitter Fennel or Common Fennel Group
Verified:
07/19/1996 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
13 (4  active, 2  available) in National Plant Germplasm System.  (Map it)
Other conspecific taxa
Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (66 active accession[s])
Foeniculum vulgare Mill. subsp. piperitum (Ucria) Cout. (3 active accession[s])
Foeniculum vulgare Mill. subsp. vulgare var. azoricum (Mill.) Thell. (1 active accession[s])
Foeniculum vulgare Mill. subsp. vulgare var. dulce (Mill.) Batt. (1 active accession[s])
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Anethum foeniculum L.
Foeniculum officinale All.

No images


Conservation Status

Reference(s)
  1. Davis, P. H., ed. 1965-1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
  2. Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage
  3. Encke, F. et al. 1993. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 14. Auflage
  4. Guzman, C. C. de & J. S. Siemonsma, eds. 1999. Spices. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 13:129. Note: = Foeniculum vulgare Bitter Fennel or Common Fennel Group
  5. Hara, H. et al. 1978-1982. An enumeration of the flowering plants of Nepal.
  6. Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
  7. Leung, A. Y. & S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2
  8. Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada
  9. Mansfeld, R. 1959. Die Kulturpflanze, Beiheft 2.
  10. Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2
  11. McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
  12. Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970-. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
  13. Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
  14. Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
Common names
LanguageNameAlternate namenoteseqCitation
Englishbitter fennel  1Leung, A. Y. & S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2
Englishcommon fennel  1Wiersema, J. H. & B. León. 1999. World economic plants: a standard reference CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
GermanButterfenchel  2Mansfeld, R. 1959. Die Kulturpflanze, Beiheft 2.
Germanwilder Fenchel  2Encke, F. et al. 1993. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 14. Auflage
Distribution
order_codeStatusContinentSubcontinentCountryStateNoteReference
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaAlgeria n. 
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaEgypt n. 
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaLibya n. 
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaMorocco   
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaTunisia   
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaAfghanistan   
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaEgyptSinai  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaIran   
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaIraq   
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaIsrael   
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaJordan   
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaLebanon   
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaSyria   
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaTurkey  Davis, P. H., ed. 1965-1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentPakistan  Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970-. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
2Cultivated    widely cult. 
4Naturalized    widely natzd. 
Native
Africa
  • NORTHERN AFRICA: Algeria (n.), Egypt (n.), Libya (n.), Morocco, Tunisia
Asia-Temperate
  • WESTERN ASIA: Afghanistan, Egypt [Sinai], Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey
Asia-Tropical
  • INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: Pakistan
Cultivated (widely cult.)
Naturalized (widely natzd.)

Reference(s)
  1. Davis, P. H., ed. 1965-1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
  2. Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970-. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
Economic Uses
UsageTypeNoteReference
Materialsessential oils Leung, A. Y. & S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2
Medicinesfolklore McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2026. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://npgstest.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=209. Accessed 10 May 2026.