Taxon: Hordeum murinum L.

Summary

Genus:

Hordeum

Subgenus:

Hordeum

Section:

Trichostachys

Family:

Poaceae (alt. Gramineae)

Subfamily:

Pooideae

Tribe:

Triticeae

Nomen number:

19314

Place of publication:

Sp. pl. 1:85. 1753

Typification:

View in Linnean Typification Project

Verified:

11/05/2007 ARS Systematic Botanists.

Accessions:

37 (21 active, 21 available) in National Plant Germplasm System. (Map it)

Other conspecific taxa

Hordeum murinum L. subsp. glaucum (Steud.) Tzvelev (27 active accession[s])
Hordeum murinum L. subsp. leporinum (Link) Arcang. (14 active accession[s])
Hordeum murinum L. subsp. montanum (Hack.) H. Scholz & Raus (0 active accession[s])
Hordeum murinum L. subsp. murinum (0 active accession[s])
Hordeum murinum L. subsp. setariurum H. Scholz & Raus (0 active accession[s])

Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations

No images

Conservation Status

Reference(s)

University of Georgia Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health
Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
Allan, H. H. B. et al. 1961-. Flora of New Zealand. Note: = Critesion murinum (L.) A. Love
APHIS. Agricultural Risk Management System United States Department of Agriculture.
Bothmer, R. von & N. Jacobsen. 1985. Origin, taxonomy, and related species. In D. C. Rasmusson, ed., Barley. Agronomy 26:33.
Bothmer, R. von & N. Jacobsen. 1986. Interspecific crosses in Hordeum (Poaceae). Pl. Syst. Evol. 153:49-64.
Bothmer, R. von et al. 1983. Interspecific hybridization with cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare). Hereditas (Beijing) 99:219-244.
Bothmer, R. von. 1996. Distribution and habitat preferences in the genus Hordeum in Iran and Turkey. Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 98B(suppl.):113-115.
Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. 1993. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45
Correa, M. N. 1969-. Flora patagonica.
Cronquist, A. et al. 1972-. Intermountain flora.
Davis, P. H., ed. 1965-1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
Doebley, J. et al. 1992. Chloroplast DNA variation and the phylogeny of Hordeum (Poaceae). Amer. J. Bot. 79:576-584. Note: used 5 accessions representing 3 subspp. with different cytotypes (2x, 4x & 6x) that all clustered together, but without clear alliances to other taxa in the genus & supporting an ancient genome differentiation from other ones in Hordeum
Ellis, R. P. 1997. pers. comm. Note: re. English common names
El-Rabey, H. A. et al. 2002. Speciation and species separation in Hordeum (Poaceae) resolved by discontinuous molecular markers. Pl. Biol. 4:567-575.
Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
George, A. S., ed. 1980-. Flora of Australia.
Gibbs-Russell, G. E. et al. 1990. Grasses of southern Africa. Mem. Bot. Surv. S. Africa vol. 58
Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
Hansen, A. & P. Sunding. 1993. Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, ed. 4. Sommerfeltia vol. 17.
Holm, L. et al. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds
Holm, L. et al. 1997. World weeds: natural histories and distribution John Wiley & Sons, New York, New York. 391.
Jacobsen, N. & R. von Bothmer. 1995. Taxonomy in the Hordeum murinum complex (Poaceae). Nordic J. Bot. 15:449-458.
Koyama, T. 1987. Grasses of Japan and its neighboring regions
Ohwi, J. 1965. Flora of Japan (Engl. ed.).
Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
Scholz, H. & T. Raus. 1997. Zwei neue Unterarten des Hordeum murinum (Gramineae) aus Griechenland und Spanien. Feddes Repert. 108:527-531.
Silva, L. et al. 2005. Listagem da fauna e flora terrestres dos Açores. Lista des plantas vasculares (Pteridophyta e Spermatophyta).
Skvortsov, A. K., ed. 2006. Flora of the Lower Volga region 1:247.
Soreng, R. J. et al. 2003. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): IV. Subfamily Pooideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 48:396.
Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966-. Flora of Iraq. 9:248-250. Note: = Hordeum glaucum & H. leporinum
Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR
Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds
Zohary, M. & N. Feinbrun-Dothan. 1966-. Flora palaestina.
Zuloaga, F. O. et al. 1994. Catálogo de la familia Poaceae en la República Argentina. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 47
1961. Webster's third new international dictionary.

Common names

Language	Name	seq	Citation
English	false barley	1	Ellis, R. P. 1997. pers. comm. Note: re. English common names
English	wall barley	1	1961. Webster's third new international dictionary.
Japanese Rōmaji	mugi-kusa	2	Ohwi, J. 1965. Flora of Japan (Engl. ed.).
Portuguese (Brazil)	cevada-de-ponche-verde	2	Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
Portuguese (Brazil)	cevada-dos-ratos	2	Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
Swedish	vildkorn	2	Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)

Distribution

order_code	Status	Continent	Subcontinent	Country	State	Note	Reference
1	Native	Africa	Macaronesia	Portugal	Azores		Silva, L. et al. 2005. Listagem da fauna e flora terrestres dos Açores. Lista des plantas vasculares (Pteridophyta e Spermatophyta).
1	Native	Africa	Macaronesia	Portugal	Madeira Islands		Hansen, A. & P. Sunding. 1993. Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, ed. 4. Sommerfeltia vol. 17.
1	Native	Africa	Macaronesia	Spain	Canarias		Hansen, A. & P. Sunding. 1993. Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, ed. 4. Sommerfeltia vol. 17.
1	Native	Africa	Northern Africa	Algeria		n.	El-Rabey, H. A. et al. 2002. Speciation and species separation in Hordeum (Poaceae) resolved by discontinuous molecular markers. Pl. Biol. 4:567-575.
1	Native	Africa	Northern Africa	Egypt		n.	Jacobsen, N. & R. von Bothmer. 1995. Taxonomy in the Hordeum murinum complex (Poaceae). Nordic J. Bot. 15:449-458.
1	Native	Africa	Northern Africa	Libya		n.	El-Rabey, H. A. et al. 2002. Speciation and species separation in Hordeum (Poaceae) resolved by discontinuous molecular markers. Pl. Biol. 4:567-575.
1	Native	Africa	Northern Africa	Morocco			El-Rabey, H. A. et al. 2002. Speciation and species separation in Hordeum (Poaceae) resolved by discontinuous molecular markers. Pl. Biol. 4:567-575.
1	Native	Africa	Northern Africa	Tunisia			El-Rabey, H. A. et al. 2002. Speciation and species separation in Hordeum (Poaceae) resolved by discontinuous molecular markers. Pl. Biol. 4:567-575.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Arabian Peninsula	Saudi Arabia		n.	Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966-. Flora of Iraq. 9:248-250. Note: = Hordeum glaucum & H. leporinum
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Caucasus	Armenia			Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Caucasus	Azerbaijan			Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Caucasus	Georgia			Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Caucasus	Russian Federation	Dagestan		Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Caucasus	Russian Federation-Ciscaucasia	Ciscaucasia		Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Middle Asia	Kazakhstan		s.e.	Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Middle Asia	Tajikistan			Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Middle Asia	Turkmenistan			Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Middle Asia	Uzbekistan			Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Afghanistan			Jacobsen, N. & R. von Bothmer. 1995. Taxonomy in the Hordeum murinum complex (Poaceae). Nordic J. Bot. 15:449-458.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Cyprus			Davis, P. H., ed. 1965-1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Egypt	Sinai		Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Iran			El-Rabey, H. A. et al. 2002. Speciation and species separation in Hordeum (Poaceae) resolved by discontinuous molecular markers. Pl. Biol. 4:567-575.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Iraq			Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966-. Flora of Iraq. 9:248-250. Note: = Hordeum glaucum & H. leporinum
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Israel			Zohary, M. & N. Feinbrun-Dothan. 1966-. Flora palaestina.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Jordan			Zohary, M. & N. Feinbrun-Dothan. 1966-. Flora palaestina.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Lebanon			Bothmer, R. von et al. 1983. Interspecific hybridization with cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare). Hereditas (Beijing) 99:219-244.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Syria			Bothmer, R. von et al. 1983. Interspecific hybridization with cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare). Hereditas (Beijing) 99:219-244.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Turkey			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	India		n.w.	Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966-. Flora of Iraq. 9:248-250. Note: = Hordeum glaucum & H. leporinum
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	Pakistan			Doebley, J. et al. 1992. Chloroplast DNA variation and the phylogeny of Hordeum (Poaceae). Amer. J. Bot. 79:576-584. Note: used 5 accessions representing 3 subspp. with different cytotypes (2x, 4x & 6x) that all clustered together, but without clear alliances to other taxa in the genus & supporting an ancient genome differentiation from other ones in Hordeum
1	Native	Europe	Eastern Europe	Moldova			Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR
1	Native	Europe	Eastern Europe	Russian Federation	Astrakhan		Skvortsov, A. K., ed. 2006. Flora of the Lower Volga region 1:247.
1	Native	Europe	Eastern Europe	Russian Federation	Kalmykija, Respublika		Skvortsov, A. K., ed. 2006. Flora of the Lower Volga region 1:247.
1	Native	Europe	Eastern Europe	Russian Federation	Volgogradskaja oblast'		Skvortsov, A. K., ed. 2006. Flora of the Lower Volga region 1:247.
1	Native	Europe	Eastern Europe	Ukraine		s. & Krym	Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR
1	Native	Europe	Middle Europe	Austria			Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1	Native	Europe	Middle Europe	Belgium			Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1	Native	Europe	Middle Europe	Czech Republic			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
1	Native	Europe	Middle Europe	Germany			Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1	Native	Europe	Middle Europe	Hungary			Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1	Native	Europe	Middle Europe	Netherlands			Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1	Native	Europe	Middle Europe	Poland			Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1	Native	Europe	Middle Europe	Slovakia			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
1	Native	Europe	Middle Europe	Switzerland			Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1	Native	Europe	Northern Europe	Ireland			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
1	Native	Europe	Northern Europe	Sweden		s.	Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
1	Native	Europe	Northern Europe	United Kingdom		s.	Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Albania			Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Bosnia and Herzegovina			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Bulgaria			Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Croatia			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Greece		incl. Crete	Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Italy		incl. Sardinia, Sicily	Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Romania			Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Serbia			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Slovenia			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
1	Native	Europe	Southwestern Europe	France		incl. Corsica	Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1	Native	Europe	Southwestern Europe	Portugal			Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1	Native	Europe	Southwestern Europe	Spain		incl. Baleares	Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
4	Naturalized	Africa	Southern Africa	South Africa			Gibbs-Russell, G. E. et al. 1990. Grasses of southern Africa. Mem. Bot. Surv. S. Africa vol. 58
4	Naturalized	Africa	Western Indian Ocean	Madagascar			Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966-. Flora of Iraq. 9:248-250. Note: = Hordeum glaucum & H. leporinum
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	Eastern Asia	Japan			Koyama, T. 1987. Grasses of Japan and its neighboring regions
4	Naturalized	Australasia	Australia	Australia			George, A. S., ed. 1980-. Flora of Australia.
4	Naturalized	Australasia	New Zealand	New Zealand			Allan, H. H. B. et al. 1961-. Flora of New Zealand. Note: = Critesion murinum (L.) A. Love
4	Naturalized	Europe	Northern Europe	Denmark			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Europe	Northern Europe	Finland			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Europe	Northern Europe	Ireland			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Europe	Northern Europe	Norway			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Northern America		Canada		w.	FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
4	Naturalized	Northern America		Mexico			Soreng, R. J. et al. 2003. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): IV. Subfamily Pooideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 48:396.
4	Naturalized	Northern America		United States			FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
4	Naturalized	Pacific	North-Central Pacific	United States	Hawaii		Holm, L. et al. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Central America	Guatemala			Soreng, R. J. et al. 2003. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): IV. Subfamily Pooideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 48:396.
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Southern South America	Argentina			Zuloaga, F. O. et al. 1994. Catálogo de la familia Poaceae en la República Argentina. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 47
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Southern South America	Chile			Zuloaga, F. O. et al. 1994. Catálogo de la familia Poaceae en la República Argentina. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 47
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Southern South America	Uruguay			Zuloaga, F. O. et al. 1994. Catálogo de la familia Poaceae en la República Argentina. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 47
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Western South America	Bolivia			Zuloaga, F. O. et al. 1994. Catálogo de la familia Poaceae en la República Argentina. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 47
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Western South America	Peru			Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. 1993. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45

Native
Africa

MACARONESIA: Spain [Canarias], Portugal [Azores, Madeira Islands]
NORTHERN AFRICA: Algeria (n.), Egypt (n.), Libya (n.), Morocco, Tunisia

Asia-Temperate

ARABIAN PENINSULA: Saudi Arabia (n.)
WESTERN ASIA: Afghanistan, Cyprus, Egypt [Sinai], Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey
CAUCASUS: Russian Federation-Ciscaucasia [Ciscaucasia], Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russian Federation [Dagestan]
MIDDLE ASIA: Kazakhstan (s.e.), Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan

Asia-Tropical

INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: India (n.w.), Pakistan

Europe

NORTHERN EUROPE: United Kingdom (s.), Ireland, Sweden (s.)
MIDDLE EUROPE: Austria, Belgium, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia
EASTERN EUROPE: Moldova, Russian Federation [Astrakhan, Kalmykija, Respublika, Volgogradskaja oblast'], Ukraine (s. & Krym)
SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Albania, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Greece (incl. Crete), Croatia, Italy (incl. Sardinia, Sicily), Romania, Serbia, Slovenia
SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: Spain (incl. Baleares), France (incl. Corsica), Portugal

Naturalized
Africa

SOUTHERN AFRICA: South Africa
WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN: Madagascar

Asia-Temperate

EASTERN ASIA: Japan

Australasia

AUSTRALIA: Australia
NEW ZEALAND: New Zealand

Europe

NORTHERN EUROPE: Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Norway

Northern America

REGION: Canada (w.), Mexico, United States

Pacific

NORTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC: United States [Hawaii]

Southern America

CENTRAL AMERICA: Guatemala
WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA: Bolivia, Peru
SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina, Chile, Uruguay

Reference(s)

Allan, H. H. B. et al. 1961-. Flora of New Zealand. Note: = Critesion murinum (L.) A. Love
Bothmer, R. von et al. 1983. Interspecific hybridization with cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare). Hereditas (Beijing) 99:219-244.
Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. 1993. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45
Davis, P. H., ed. 1965-1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
Doebley, J. et al. 1992. Chloroplast DNA variation and the phylogeny of Hordeum (Poaceae). Amer. J. Bot. 79:576-584. Note: used 5 accessions representing 3 subspp. with different cytotypes (2x, 4x & 6x) that all clustered together, but without clear alliances to other taxa in the genus & supporting an ancient genome differentiation from other ones in Hordeum
El-Rabey, H. A. et al. 2002. Speciation and species separation in Hordeum (Poaceae) resolved by discontinuous molecular markers. Pl. Biol. 4:567-575.
Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
George, A. S., ed. 1980-. Flora of Australia.
Gibbs-Russell, G. E. et al. 1990. Grasses of southern Africa. Mem. Bot. Surv. S. Africa vol. 58
Hansen, A. & P. Sunding. 1993. Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, ed. 4. Sommerfeltia vol. 17.
Holm, L. et al. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds
Jacobsen, N. & R. von Bothmer. 1995. Taxonomy in the Hordeum murinum complex (Poaceae). Nordic J. Bot. 15:449-458.
Koyama, T. 1987. Grasses of Japan and its neighboring regions
Silva, L. et al. 2005. Listagem da fauna e flora terrestres dos Açores. Lista des plantas vasculares (Pteridophyta e Spermatophyta).
Skvortsov, A. K., ed. 2006. Flora of the Lower Volga region 1:247.
Soreng, R. J. et al. 2003. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): IV. Subfamily Pooideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 48:396.
Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966-. Flora of Iraq. 9:248-250. Note: = Hordeum glaucum & H. leporinum
Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR
Zohary, M. & N. Feinbrun-Dothan. 1966-. Flora palaestina.
Zuloaga, F. O. et al. 1994. Catálogo de la familia Poaceae en la República Argentina. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 47

Economic Uses

Usage	Type	Note	Reference
Harmful organism host	crop diseases		Holm, L. et al. 1997. World weeds: natural histories and distribution John Wiley & Sons, New York, New York. 391.
Weed	seed contaminant	potential	Holm, L. et al. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds
Weed	seed contaminant	potential	Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds

Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2026. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://npgstest.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=19314. Accessed 15 April 2026.