Taxon: Cenchrus setosus Sw.

Summary

Genus:

Cenchrus

Family:

Poaceae (alt. Gramineae)

Subfamily:

Panicoideae

Tribe:

Paniceae

Subtribe:

Cenchrinae

Nomen number:

9809

Place of publication:

Prodr. 26. 1788

Protologue link:

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/376745

Verified:

09/18/2024 ARS Systematic Botanists.

Accessions:

57 (30 active, 29 available) in National Plant Germplasm System. (Map it)

Other conspecific taxa

Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations

Homotypic Synonym(s)
Cenchrus polystachios auct. pl. subsp. setosus (Sw.) P. M. Peterson & Y. Herrera
Pennisetum polystachion auct. pl. subsp. setosum (Sw.) Brunken
Pennisetum setosum (Sw.) Rich.

Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Cenchrus subangustus (Schumach.) Morrone
Panicum subangustum Schumach.
Pennisetum subangustum (Schumach.) Stapf & C. E. Hubb.

Invalid Designation(s)
Cenchrus polystachios auct. pl.
Cenchrus polystachios auct. pl. subsp. polystachios
Panicum polystachion auct. pl.
Pennisetum polystachion auct. pl.
Pennisetum polystachion auct. pl. subsp. polystachion

No images

Conservation Status

Reference(s)

Brunken, J. N. 1979. Morphometric variation and the classification of Pennisetum section Brevivalvula (Gramineae) in tropical Africa. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 79:63.
Davidse, G. et al., eds. 1994. Flora mesoamericana. Note: = Pennisetum setosum (Sw.) Rich.
Exell, A. W. et al., eds. 1960-. Flora zambesiaca. Note: = Pennisetum polystachion (L.) Schult.
Turner, I. M. et al. 2019. Flora of Singapore precursors, 6: typification of grass names relevant to the flora of Singapore. Gard. Bull. Singapore 71:1-44. DOI: 10.26492/gbs71(1).2019-01. Note: mentions typification of Panicum polystachion L.
Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952-. Flora of tropical East Africa. Note: = Pennisetum polystachion (L.) Schult.

Common names

Language	Name	note	seq	Citation
English	feather pennisetum	as Pennisetum polystachios	1	't Mannetje, L. & R. M. Jones, eds. 1992. Forages. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 4:189.
English	mission grass	as Pennisetum polystachios	1	Holm, L. G. et al. 1977. The world's worst weeds: distribution and biology.
English	thin Napier grass	as Pennisetum polystachios	1	Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6 5:2673.
Portuguese (Brazil)	capim-avião	as Pennisetum polystachios	2	Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
Portuguese (Brazil)	capim-custódio	as Pennisetum polystachios	2	Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
Portuguese (Brazil)	capim-mandante	as Pennisetum polystachios	2	Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
Portuguese (Brazil)	capim-oferecido	as Pennisetum polystachios	2	Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names

Distribution

order_code	Status	Continent	Subcontinent	Country	State	Note	Reference
1	Native	Africa	East Tropical Africa	Kenya			Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952-. Flora of tropical East Africa.
1	Native	Africa	East Tropical Africa	Tanzania			Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952-. Flora of tropical East Africa.
1	Native	Africa	East Tropical Africa	Uganda			Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952-. Flora of tropical East Africa.
1	Native	Africa	Macaronesia	Cabo Verde			Arechavaleta, M. et al., eds. 2005. Lista preliminar de especies silvestres de Cabo Verde: hongos, plantas y animales terrestres
1	Native	Africa	Northeast Tropical Africa	Ethiopia			Hedberg, I. & S. Edwards. 1989-. Flora of Ethiopia Note: Eritrea added in 2000
1	Native	Africa	South Tropical Africa	Angola			Brunken, J. N. 1979. Morphometric variation and the classification of Pennisetum section Brevivalvula (Gramineae) in tropical Africa. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 79:51-64.
1	Native	Africa	South Tropical Africa	Malawi			Exell, A. W. et al., eds. 1960-. Flora zambesiaca.
1	Native	Africa	South Tropical Africa	Mozambique			Exell, A. W. et al., eds. 1960-. Flora zambesiaca.
1	Native	Africa	South Tropical Africa	Zambia			Exell, A. W. et al., eds. 1960-. Flora zambesiaca.
1	Native	Africa	South Tropical Africa	Zimbabwe			Exell, A. W. et al., eds. 1960-. Flora zambesiaca.
1	Native	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Benin			Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
1	Native	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Burkina Faso			Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
1	Native	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Côte D'Ivoire			Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
1	Native	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Gambia			Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
1	Native	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Ghana			Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
1	Native	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Guinea			Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
1	Native	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Guinea-Bissau			Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
1	Native	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Liberia			Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
1	Native	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Mali			Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
1	Native	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Niger			Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
1	Native	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Nigeria			Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
1	Native	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Senegal			Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
1	Native	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Sierra Leone			Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
1	Native	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Togo			Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
1	Native	Africa	West-Central Tropical Africa	Cameroon			Zon, A. P. M. van der. 1992. Graminées du Cameroun
1	Native	Africa	West-Central Tropical Africa	Congo			Brunken, J. N. 1979. Morphometric variation and the classification of Pennisetum section Brevivalvula (Gramineae) in tropical Africa. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 79:51-64.
1	Native	Africa	West-Central Tropical Africa	Democratic Republic of the Congo			Schmelzer, G. H. 1997. Review of Pennisetum section Brevivalvula (Poaceae). Euphytica 97:1-20. Note: as Pennisetum polystachion (L.) Schult.
1	Native	Africa	West-Central Tropical Africa	Gabon			Schmelzer, G. H. 1997. Review of Pennisetum section Brevivalvula (Poaceae). Euphytica 97:1-20. Note: as Pennisetum polystachion (L.) Schult.
1	Native	Africa	Western Indian Ocean	Madagascar			Brunken, J. N. 1979. Morphometric variation and the classification of Pennisetum section Brevivalvula (Gramineae) in tropical Africa. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 79:51-64.
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	Eastern Asia	Taiwan			Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
2	Cultivated	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	India			Schmelzer, G. H. 1997. Review of Pennisetum section Brevivalvula (Poaceae). Euphytica 97:8. Note: Netherlands journal of plant breeding
2	Cultivated	Asia-Tropical	Indo-China	Thailand			Schmelzer, G. H. 1997. Review of Pennisetum section Brevivalvula (Poaceae). Euphytica 97:8. Note: Netherlands journal of plant breeding
2	Cultivated	Pacific	Southwestern Pacific	Fiji			Schmelzer, G. H. 1997. Review of Pennisetum section Brevivalvula (Poaceae). Euphytica 97:8. Note: Netherlands journal of plant breeding
4	Naturalized					widely natzd. in paleotropics	Schmelzer, G. H. 1997. Review of Pennisetum section Brevivalvula (Poaceae). Euphytica 97:1-20. Note: as Pennisetum polystachion (L.) Schult.
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	China	China			Schmelzer, G. H. 1997. Review of Pennisetum section Brevivalvula (Poaceae). Euphytica 97:1-20. Note: as Pennisetum polystachion (L.) Schult.
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	Bangladesh			Schmelzer, G. H. 1997. Review of Pennisetum section Brevivalvula (Poaceae). Euphytica 97:8. Note: Netherlands journal of plant breeding
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	India			Schmelzer, G. H. 1997. Review of Pennisetum section Brevivalvula (Poaceae). Euphytica 97:8. Note: Netherlands journal of plant breeding
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	Sri Lanka			Dassanayake, M. D. & F. R. Fosberg, eds. 1980-. A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon.
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Indo-China	Cambodia			Schmelzer, G. H. 1997. Review of Pennisetum section Brevivalvula (Poaceae). Euphytica 97:8. Note: Netherlands journal of plant breeding
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Indo-China	Indochina			Schmelzer, G. H. 1997. Review of Pennisetum section Brevivalvula (Poaceae). Euphytica 97:1-20. Note: as Pennisetum polystachion (L.) Schult.
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Indo-China	Laos			Schmelzer, G. H. 1997. Review of Pennisetum section Brevivalvula (Poaceae). Euphytica 97:8. Note: Netherlands journal of plant breeding
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Indo-China	Myanmar			Schmelzer, G. H. 1997. Review of Pennisetum section Brevivalvula (Poaceae). Euphytica 97:8. Note: Netherlands journal of plant breeding
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Indo-China	Thailand			Schmelzer, G. H. 1997. Review of Pennisetum section Brevivalvula (Poaceae). Euphytica 97:8. Note: Netherlands journal of plant breeding
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Indo-China	Vietnam			Schmelzer, G. H. 1997. Review of Pennisetum section Brevivalvula (Poaceae). Euphytica 97:8. Note: Netherlands journal of plant breeding
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Malesia	Indonesia			Schmelzer, G. H. 1997. Review of Pennisetum section Brevivalvula (Poaceae). Euphytica 97:8. Note: Netherlands journal of plant breeding
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Malesia	Malaysia			Schmelzer, G. H. 1997. Review of Pennisetum section Brevivalvula (Poaceae). Euphytica 97:8. Note: Netherlands journal of plant breeding
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Malesia	Philippines			Lazarides, M. 1980. The tropical grasses of Southeast Asia
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Papuasia	Solomon Islands			Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Australasia	Australia	Australia	Northern Territory	n.	George, A. S., ed. 1980-. Flora of Australia.
4	Naturalized	Australasia	Australia	Australia	Queensland	n.	George, A. S., ed. 1980-. Flora of Australia.
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Northern Mexico	Mexico	Chihuahua		Herrera Arrieta, Y. & P. M. Peterson. 2018. Grasses of Chihuahua, Mexico. Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 107:95.
4	Naturalized	Northern America	South-Central U.S.A.	United States	Texas	s.e.	FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America. Note: as Pennisetum polystachion subsp. setosum
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Florida	s.	FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America. Note: as Pennisetum polystachion subsp. setosum
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Chiapas		Davidse, G. et al., eds. 1994. Flora mesoamericana.
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave		Mejía-Saulés, M. T. & P. Dávila A. 1992. Gramíneas Útiles de México. Cuad. Inst. Biol. 16 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Distrito Federal, Mexico.
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Southwestern U.S.A.	United States	Arizona	s.	FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America. Note: as Pennisetum polystachion subsp. setosum
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Southwestern U.S.A.	United States	Nevada	s.	FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America. Note: as Pennisetum polystachion subsp. setosum
4	Naturalized	Pacific	North-Central Pacific	United States	Hawaii		Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds
4	Naturalized	Pacific	Northwestern Pacific	Marshall Islands			Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Pacific	Northwestern Pacific	Micronesia			Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Pacific	Northwestern Pacific	Palau			Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Pacific	Northwestern Pacific	United States	Guam		Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Pacific	Northwestern Pacific	United States	Northern Mariana Islands		Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Pacific	South-Central Pacific	French Polynesia			Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Pacific	Southwestern Pacific	Fiji			Schmelzer, G. H. 1997. Review of Pennisetum section Brevivalvula (Poaceae). Euphytica 97:8. Note: Netherlands journal of plant breeding
4	Naturalized	Pacific	Southwestern Pacific	Vanuatu			Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Brazil	Brazil			Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Caribbean	Barbados			Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Caribbean	Cuba			León (J. S. Sauget) & Alain (E. E. Liogier). 1946-1969. Flora de Cuba
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Caribbean	Dominica			Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Caribbean	Grenada			Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Caribbean	Guadeloupe			Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Caribbean	Jamaica			Adams, C. 1972. Flowering plants of Jamaica
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Caribbean	Martinique			Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Caribbean	Martinique			Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles. Note: treats as Pennisetum setosum (Sw.) Rich.
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Caribbean	St. Kitts and Nevis			Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Caribbean	St. Lucia			Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Caribbean	St. Vincent and Grenadines			Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Caribbean	United States	Puerto Rico		Liogier, H. A. & L. F. Martorell. 2000. Flora of Puerto Rico and adjacent islands: a systematic synopsis, ed. 2.
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Central America	Belize			Davidse, G. et al., eds. 1994. Flora mesoamericana.
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Central America	Costa Rica			Davidse, G. et al., eds. 1994. Flora mesoamericana.
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Central America	El Salvador			Davidse, G. et al., eds. 1994. Flora mesoamericana.
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Central America	Guatemala			Davidse, G. et al., eds. 1994. Flora mesoamericana.
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Central America	Honduras			Davidse, G. et al., eds. 1994. Flora mesoamericana.
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Central America	Nicaragua			Davidse, G. et al., eds. 1994. Flora mesoamericana.
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Central America	Panama			Davidse, G. et al., eds. 1994. Flora mesoamericana.
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Northern South America	Venezuela			Schmelzer, G. H. 1997. Review of Pennisetum section Brevivalvula (Poaceae). Euphytica 97:8. Note: Netherlands journal of plant breeding
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Western South America	Bolivia			Renvoize, S. A. 1998. Gramineas de Bolivia Note: = Pennisetum polystachion (L.) Schult.
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Western South America	Colombia			Schmelzer, G. H. 1997. Review of Pennisetum section Brevivalvula (Poaceae). Euphytica 97:8. Note: Netherlands journal of plant breeding
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Western South America	Ecuador			Schmelzer, G. H. 1997. Review of Pennisetum section Brevivalvula (Poaceae). Euphytica 97:8. Note: Netherlands journal of plant breeding
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Western South America	Peru			Schmelzer, G. H. 1997. Review of Pennisetum section Brevivalvula (Poaceae). Euphytica 97:8. Note: Netherlands journal of plant breeding
6	Other					exact natzd. range obscure owing to confusion with other taxa

Native
Africa

MACARONESIA: Cabo Verde
NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Ethiopia
EAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
WEST-CENTRAL TROPICAL AFRICA: Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Congo, Gabon
WEST TROPICAL AFRICA: Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte D'Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo
SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA: Angola, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe
WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN: Madagascar

Cultivated
Asia-Temperate

EASTERN ASIA: Taiwan

Asia-Tropical

INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: India
INDO-CHINA: Thailand

Pacific

SOUTHWESTERN PACIFIC: Fiji

Naturalized

REGION:

Asia-Temperate

CHINA: China

Asia-Tropical

INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka
PAPUASIA: Solomon Islands
INDO-CHINA: Indochina, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam
MALESIA: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines

Australasia

AUSTRALIA: Australia [Queensland (n.), Northern Territory (n.)]

Northern America

SOUTHEASTERN U.S.A.: United States [Florida (s.)]
SOUTH-CENTRAL U.S.A.: United States [Texas (s.e.)]
SOUTHWESTERN U.S.A.: United States [Arizona (s.), Nevada (s.)]
NORTHERN MEXICO: Mexico [Chihuahua]
SOUTHERN MEXICO: Mexico [Chiapas, Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave]

Pacific

NORTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC: United States [Hawaii]
NORTHWESTERN PACIFIC: Micronesia, Marshall Islands, Palau, United States [Guam, Northern Mariana Islands]
SOUTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC: French Polynesia
SOUTHWESTERN PACIFIC: Fiji, Vanuatu

Southern America

CARIBBEAN: Barbados, Cuba, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Grenada, Jamaica, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, Martinique, United States [Puerto Rico], St. Vincent and Grenadines
CENTRAL AMERICA: Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, El Salvador
NORTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Venezuela
BRAZIL: Brazil
WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA: Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru

Other (exact natzd. range obscure owing to confusion with other taxa)

Reference(s)

Adams, C. 1972. Flowering plants of Jamaica
Arechavaleta, M. et al., eds. 2005. Lista preliminar de especies silvestres de Cabo Verde: hongos, plantas y animales terrestres
Brunken, J. N. 1979. Morphometric variation and the classification of Pennisetum section Brevivalvula (Gramineae) in tropical Africa. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 79:51-64.
Dassanayake, M. D. & F. R. Fosberg, eds. 1980-. A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon.
Davidse, G. et al., eds. 1994. Flora mesoamericana.
Exell, A. W. et al., eds. 1960-. Flora zambesiaca.
FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America. Note: as Pennisetum polystachion subsp. setosum
Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
George, A. S., ed. 1980-. Flora of Australia.
Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
Hedberg, I. & S. Edwards. 1989-. Flora of Ethiopia Note: Eritrea added in 2000
Herrera Arrieta, Y. & P. M. Peterson. 2018. Grasses of Chihuahua, Mexico. Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 107:95.
Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles. Note: treats as Pennisetum setosum (Sw.) Rich.
Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
Lazarides, M. 1980. The tropical grasses of Southeast Asia
León (J. S. Sauget) & Alain (E. E. Liogier). 1946-1969. Flora de Cuba
Liogier, H. A. & L. F. Martorell. 2000. Flora of Puerto Rico and adjacent islands: a systematic synopsis, ed. 2.
Mejía-Saulés, M. T. & P. Dávila A. 1992. Gramíneas Útiles de México. Cuad. Inst. Biol. 16 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Distrito Federal, Mexico.
Renvoize, S. A. 1998. Gramineas de Bolivia Note: = Pennisetum polystachion (L.) Schult.
Schmelzer, G. H. 1997. Review of Pennisetum section Brevivalvula (Poaceae). Euphytica 97:1-20. Note: as Pennisetum polystachion (L.) Schult.
Schmelzer, G. H. 1997. Review of Pennisetum section Brevivalvula (Poaceae). Euphytica 97:8. Note: Netherlands journal of plant breeding
Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952-. Flora of tropical East Africa.
Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds
Zon, A. P. M. van der. 1992. Graminées du Cameroun

Economic Uses

Usage	Type	Note	Reference
Animal food	fodder		't Mannetje, L. & R. M. Jones, eds. 1992. Forages. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 4:189.
Animal food	fodder		Schmelzer, G. H. 1997. Review of Pennisetum section Brevivalvula (Poaceae). Euphytica 97:1-20. Note: as Pennisetum polystachyon subsp. setosum
Weed	seed contaminant	potential	Parsons, W. T. & E. G. Cuthbertson. 1992. Noxious weeds of Australia Inkata Press, Melbourne, Australia.
Weed	seed contaminant	potential	CIBA-GEIGY, Basel, Switzerland. Documenta CIBA-GEIGY (Grass weeds 1. 1980, 2. 1981; Monocot weeds 3. 1982; Dicot weeds 1. 1988) Note: four books on weeds worldwide in scope
Weed	seed contaminant	potential	Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds Note: as Pennisetum polystachyon

Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2026. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://npgstest.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=9809. Accessed 17 April 2026.