Taxon:  Carum carvi L.



Summary
Genus:
Carum
Family:
Apiaceae (alt. Umbelliferae)
Subfamily:
Apioideae
Tribe:
Careae
Nomen number:
9245
Place of publication:
Sp. pl. 1:263.  1753
Verified:
05/20/1992 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
45 (26  active, 20  available) in National Plant Germplasm System.  (Map it)
Other conspecific taxa
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Carum velenovskyi Rohlena

Images (2 total. Click on image for more.)
Fruits

Conservation Status

Reference(s)
  1. University of Georgia Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health
  2. Afonin, A. N., S. L. Greene, N. I. Dzyubenko, & A. N. Frolov, eds. Interactive agricultural ecological atlas of Russia and neighboring countries. Economic plants and their diseases, pests and weeds (on-line resource).
  3. Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
  4. APHIS. Agricultural Risk Management System United States Department of Agriculture.
  5. Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959-. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae.
  6. Darbyshire, S. J. 2003. Inventory of Canadian Agricultural Weeds Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 187.
  7. Davis, P. H., ed. 1965-1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
  8. Demilly, D. et al. 1996. Liste alphabétique des principales espèces de plantes cultivées et de mauvaises herbes. Noms latins et noms français, ed. 6. Note: GEVES-SNES, Beaucouzé, France
  9. Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
  10. Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage
  11. Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
  12. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
  13. Hara, H. et al. 1978-1982. An enumeration of the flowering plants of Nepal.
  14. International Seed Testing Association. 1982. A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names 1. Field crops, grasses and vegetables, ed. 2.
  15. Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
  16. Langenberger, M. W. & A. R. Davis. 2002. Honey bee pollen foraging in relation to flowering phenology of biennial caraway (Carum carvi L.). Canad. J. Pl. Sci. 82:203-215.
  17. Leung, A. Y. & S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2
  18. Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada
  19. Mansfeld, R. 1959. Die Kulturpflanze, Beiheft 2.
  20. Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2
  21. McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
  22. Mukherjee, P. K. & L. Constance. 1993. Umbelliferae (Apiaceae) of India
  23. Mukherjee, P. K. 1996. pers. comm. Note: re. India common names
  24. Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970-. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
  25. Pank, F. 2010. Aims and results of breeding research on eight medicinal and aromatic plants - A survey. Israel J. Pl. Sci. 58:241-249.
  26. Personal Care Products Council. International Nomenclature Cosmetic Ingredient
  27. Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
  28. Randall, R. P. 2002. A global compendium of weeds
  29. Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
  30. Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
  31. van Roon, E. & H. J. Bleijenberg. 1964. Breeding caraway for non-shattering seed. Euphytica 13:281-293. Note: it examined biennial forms
  32. Watson, J. F. 1868. Index to the native and scientific names of Indian and other eastern economic plants and products
  33. Watson, M. F. 1996. pers. comm. Note: re. common names
  34. Zakharova, E. A. et al. 2012. Redefined generic limits of Carum (Umbelliferae, Apioideae) and new systematic placement of some of its taxa. Willdenowia 42:149-168.
Common names
LanguageNameAlternate namenoteseqCitation
Englishcaraway  1Wiersema, J. H. & B. León. 1999. World economic plants: a standard reference CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
Englishcarum  1Leung, A. Y. & S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2
English (Canada)caraway  Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada official name2Darbyshire, S. J. 2003. Inventory of Canadian Agricultural Weeds Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 187.
Frenchanis des Vosges  2Demilly, D. et al. 1996. Liste alphabétique des principales espèces de plantes cultivées et de mauvaises herbes. Noms latins et noms français, ed. 6. Note: GEVES-SNES, Beaucouzé, France
Frenchcarvi  2Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Frenchcumin des prés  2Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
French (Canada)carvi commun Agriculture & Agroalimentaire Canada nom officiel2Darbyshire, S. J. 2003. Inventory of Canadian Agricultural Weeds Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 187.
GermanKümmel  2Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Indiasiyah-jira  2Mukherjee, P. K. 1996. pers. comm. Note: re. India common names
Indiazira-seeah  2Watson, J. F. 1868. Index to the native and scientific names of Indian and other eastern economic plants and products
Italiancarvi  2International Seed Testing Association. 1982. A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names 1. Field crops, grasses and vegetables, ed. 2.
Portuguesealcarávia  2Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Spanishcomino de prado  2Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Swedishkummin  2Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
Transcribed Chinesefang feng  2Watson, M. F. 1996. pers. comm. Note: re. common names
Transcribed Chinesege lu zi  2Watson, M. F. 1996. pers. comm. Note: re. common names
Distribution
order_codeStatusContinentSubcontinentCountryStateNoteReference
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaTunisia  Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusArmenia  Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusAzerbaijan  Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusGeorgia  Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusRussian FederationDagestan Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusRussian Federation-CiscaucasiaCiscaucasia Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaGansu Sheng Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959-. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae.
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaHebei Sheng Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959-. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae.
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaQinghai Sheng Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959-. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae.
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaShanxi Sheng Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959-. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae.
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaXinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959-. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae.
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaXizang Zizhiqu Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959-. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae.
1NativeAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaKyrgyzstan  Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
1NativeAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaTajikistan  Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
1NativeAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaTurkmenistan  Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
1NativeAsia-TemperateMongoliaMongolia   
1NativeAsia-TemperateRussian Far EastRussian FederationKamčatskij kraj Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
1NativeAsia-TemperateSiberiaRussian FederationAltay Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
1NativeAsia-TemperateSiberiaRussian Federation-Eastern SiberiaEastern Siberia Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
1NativeAsia-TemperateSiberiaRussian Federation-Western SiberiaWestern Siberia Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaAfghanistan   
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaIran   
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaIraq n. 
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaTurkey  Davis, P. H., ed. 1965-1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentBhutan   
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentIndia Kashmir & Jammu 
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentNepal  Hara, H. et al. 1978-1982. An enumeration of the flowering plants of Nepal.
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentPakistan n.Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970-. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
1NativeEuropeEastern EuropeBelarus  Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
1NativeEuropeEastern EuropeEstonia  Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
1NativeEuropeEastern EuropeLatvia  Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
1NativeEuropeEastern EuropeLithuania  Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
1NativeEuropeEastern EuropeMoldova  Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
1NativeEuropeEastern EuropeUkraine incl. KrymEuro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeAustria  Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeBelgium  Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeCzech Republic  Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeGermany  Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeHungary  Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeNetherlands  Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropePoland  Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeSlovakia  Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeSwitzerland  Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1NativeEuropeNorthern EuropeDenmark  Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1NativeEuropeNorthern EuropeFinland  Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1NativeEuropeNorthern EuropeNorway  Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1NativeEuropeNorthern EuropeSvalbard and Jan Mayen  Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeAlbania  Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeBosnia and Herzegovina  Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeBulgaria  Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeCroatia  Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeItaly  Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeMontenegro  Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeNorth Macedonia  Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeRomania  Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeSerbia  Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeSlovenia  Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
1NativeEuropeSouthwestern EuropeFrance  Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1NativeEuropeSouthwestern EuropeSpain  Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
2Cultivated    widely cult. in temperate regions 
Native
Africa
  • NORTHERN AFRICA: Tunisia
Asia-Temperate
  • WESTERN ASIA: Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq (n.), Turkey
  • CAUCASUS: Russian Federation-Ciscaucasia [Ciscaucasia], Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russian Federation [Dagestan]
  • SIBERIA: Russian Federation-Western Siberia [Western Siberia], Russian Federation-Eastern Siberia [Eastern Siberia], Russian Federation [Altay]
  • MIDDLE ASIA: Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan
  • MONGOLIA: Mongolia
  • RUSSIAN FAR EAST: Russian Federation [Kamčatskij kraj]
  • CHINA: China [Gansu Sheng, Hebei Sheng, Qinghai Sheng, Shanxi Sheng, Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, Xizang Zizhiqu]
Asia-Tropical
  • INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: Bhutan, India (Kashmir & Jammu), Nepal, Pakistan (n.)
Europe
  • NORTHERN EUROPE: Denmark, Finland, Norway, Svalbard and Jan Mayen
  • MIDDLE EUROPE: Austria, Belgium, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia
  • EASTERN EUROPE: Belarus, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Moldova, Ukraine (incl. Krym)
  • SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Albania, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Italy, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia
  • SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: Spain, France
Cultivated (widely cult. in temperate regions)

Reference(s)
  1. Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959-. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae.
  2. Davis, P. H., ed. 1965-1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
  3. Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
  4. Hara, H. et al. 1978-1982. An enumeration of the flowering plants of Nepal.
  5. Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
  6. Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970-. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
  7. Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
Economic Uses
UsageTypeNoteReference
Food additivesflavoringspiceLeung, A. Y. & S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2
Materialsessential oilsused in cosmeticsLeung, A. Y. & S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2
Materialslipidsused in cosmeticsLeung, A. Y. & S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2
Medicinesfolklore Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
Medicinesfolklore McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
Medicinesfolklore Mukherjee, P. K. 1996. pers. comm. Note: re. India common names
Weedseed contaminantpotentialLarsen, A. et al., eds. 1992. Association of Official Seed Analysts Handbook 25
Weedseed contaminantpotentialRandall, R. P. 2002. A global compendium of weeds
Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2026. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://npgstest.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=9245. Accessed 14 April 2026.