Taxon:  Calendula officinalis L.



Summary
Genus:
Calendula
Family:
Asteraceae (alt. Compositae)
Subfamily:
Asteroideae
Tribe:
Calenduleae
Nomen number:
8457
Place of publication:
Sp. pl. 2:921.  1753
Verified:
02/28/2012 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
63 (38  active, 33  available) in National Plant Germplasm System.  (Map it)
Other conspecific taxa
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Autonym(s)
Calendula officinalis L. var. officinalis

Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Calendula officinalis L. var. prolifera hort.

Images (1 total. Click on image for more.)
Fruits

Conservation Status

Reference(s)
  1. University of Georgia Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health
  2. Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
  3. Ali, S. I. & S. M. H. Jafri, eds. 1976-. Flora of Libya.
  4. Allan, H. H. B. et al. 1961-. Flora of New Zealand.
  5. Ao, C. 2007. Comparative anatomy of bisexual and female florets, embryology in Calendula officinalis (Asteraceae), a naturalized horticultural crop. Sci. Hort. 114:214-219.
  6. APHIS. Agricultural Risk Management System United States Department of Agriculture.
  7. Bisset, N. G., ed. 1994. Herbal drugs and phytopharmaceuticals. A handbook for practice on a scientific basis CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida. Note: translation of German edition by M. Wichtl, ed.
  8. Bosser, J. M. et al., eds. 1976-. Flores des Mascareignes.
  9. Davis, P. H., ed. 1965-1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
  10. Demasi, S. et al. 2021. Sensory profile, shelf life, and dynamics of bioactive compounds during cold storage of 17 edible flowers. Horticulturae. OAJ 7:166. DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7070166.
  11. Demilly, D. et al. 2001. Liste alphabétique des principales espèces de plantes cultivées et de mauvaises herbes. Noms latins et noms français, ed. 7 GEVES-SNES, Beaucouzé, France.
  12. Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
  13. Duke, J. A. 1985. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
  14. Erhardt, W. et al. 2008. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen 2:1264.
  15. Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
  16. Fernandes, L. et al. 2020. An overview on the market of edible flowers. Food Rev. Int. 36:258-275. DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2019.1639727. Note: commercially produced
  17. FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
  18. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
  19. Grierson, A. J. C. & D. J. Long. 1984-. Flora of Bhutan including a record of plants from Sikkim.
  20. Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
  21. Hansen, A. & P. Sunding. 1993. Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, ed. 4. Sommerfeltia vol. 17.
  22. Hara, H. et al. 1978-1982. An enumeration of the flowering plants of Nepal.
  23. Hedberg, I. & S. Edwards. 1989-. Flora of Ethiopia Note: Eritrea added in 2000
  24. Hnatiuk, R. J. 1990. Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series No. 11.
  25. Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening
  26. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares.
  27. Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
  28. Jahandiez, E. & R. Maire. 1931-1941. Catalogue des plantes du Maroc.
  29. Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez, eds. 1999. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75
  30. Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
  31. Leung, A. Y. & S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2
  32. Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada
  33. Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2
  34. McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
  35. Mun-Chan, B. et al. 1986. A checklist of the Korean cultivated plants. Kulturpflanze 34:86.
  36. Ohle, H. 1974. Beiträge zur Taxonomie der Gattung Calendula. II. Taxonomische Revision der südeuropäischen perennierenden Calendula-Sippen. Feddes Repert. 85:263-264.
  37. Personal Care Products Council. International Nomenclature Cosmetic Ingredient
  38. Sharma, B. D. et al., eds. 1993-. Flora of India.
  39. Stewart, R. 1972. An annotated catalogue of the vascular plants of West Pakistan and Kashmir
  40. Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
  41. Walker, E. 1976. Flora of Okinawa and the southern Ryukyu Islands.
  42. Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
Common names
LanguageNameAlternate namenoteseqCitation
Englishcalendula  1Duke, J. A. 1985. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
Englishgarden-marigold  1Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
Englishmarigold  1Duke, J. A. 1985. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
Englishpot-marigold  1Wiersema, J. H. & B. León. 1999. World economic plants: a standard reference CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
Englishruddles  1Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening
EnglishScotch-marigold but this adjective is best avoided, may cause offence in Scotland1Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening
EnglishScottish-marigold  1Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening
Chinesejin zhan ju金盏菊 2Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
Frenchsouci officinal  2Demilly, D. et al. 2001. Liste alphabétique des principales espèces de plantes cultivées et de mauvaises herbes. Noms latins et noms français, ed. 7 GEVES-SNES, Beaucouzé, France.
GermanGarten-Ringelblume  2Erhardt, W. et al. 2008. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen 2:1264.
Japanese Rōmajitō-kin-sen-ka  2Walker, E. 1976. Flora of Okinawa and the southern Ryukyu Islands.
Swedishringblomma  2Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
Transcribed Koreangeumjanhwa  2Mun-Chan, B. et al. 1986. A checklist of the Korean cultivated plants. Kulturpflanze 34:86.
Transliterated Russiankalendula  2Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
Transliterated Russiannogot'ki lekarstvennye  2Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
Distribution
order_codeStatusContinentSubcontinentCountryStateNoteReference
2Cultivated    cult. in temperate regions 
4NaturalizedAfricaMacaronesiaPortugalAzores Hansen, A. & P. Sunding. 1993. Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, ed. 4. Sommerfeltia vol. 17.
4NaturalizedAfricaMacaronesiaPortugalMadeira Islands Hansen, A. & P. Sunding. 1993. Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, ed. 4. Sommerfeltia vol. 17.
4NaturalizedAfricaMacaronesiaSpainCanarias Hansen, A. & P. Sunding. 1993. Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, ed. 4. Sommerfeltia vol. 17.
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaTurkey  Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4NaturalizedAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentIndiaHaryana Sharma, B. D. et al., eds. 1993-. Flora of India.
4NaturalizedAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentIndiaPunjab Sharma, B. D. et al., eds. 1993-. Flora of India.
4NaturalizedAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentIndiaUttar Pradesh Sharma, B. D. et al., eds. 1993-. Flora of India.
4NaturalizedAustralasiaAustraliaAustralia s.Hnatiuk, R. J. 1990. Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series No. 11.
4NaturalizedAustralasiaNew ZealandNew Zealand  Allan, H. H. B. et al. 1961-. Flora of New Zealand.
4NaturalizedEuropeEastern EuropeBelarus  Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4NaturalizedEuropeEastern EuropeMoldova  Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4NaturalizedEuropeEastern EuropeRussian Federation-European partEuropean part Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4NaturalizedEuropeEastern EuropeUkraine incl. KrymEuro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4NaturalizedEuropeMiddle EuropeAustria  Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4NaturalizedEuropeMiddle EuropeBelgium  Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4NaturalizedEuropeMiddle EuropeGermany  Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4NaturalizedEuropeMiddle EuropeSwitzerland  Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4NaturalizedEuropeNorthern EuropeNorway  Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4NaturalizedEuropeNorthern EuropeUnited Kingdom  Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeBosnia and Herzegovina  Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeCroatia  Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeGreece  Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeItaly incl. SardiniaEuro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeMontenegro  Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeSerbia  Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeSlovenia  Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4NaturalizedEuropeSouthwestern EuropeFrance  Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4NaturalizedEuropeSouthwestern EuropeSpain incl. BalearesEuro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesConnecticut FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesMaine FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesMassachusetts FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesMichigan FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesNew Hampshire FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesOhio FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesPennsylvania FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSouthwestern U.S.A.United StatesCalifornia FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaArgentina  Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares.
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaChile  Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares.
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaWestern South AmericaEcuadorPichincha Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez, eds. 1999. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75
6Other    probable origin Mediterranean region 
Cultivated (cult. in temperate regions)
Naturalized
Africa
  • MACARONESIA: Spain [Canarias], Portugal [Azores, Madeira Islands]
Asia-Temperate
  • WESTERN ASIA: Turkey
Asia-Tropical
  • INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: India [Haryana, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh]
Australasia
  • AUSTRALIA: Australia (s.)
  • NEW ZEALAND: New Zealand
Europe
  • NORTHERN EUROPE: United Kingdom, Norway
  • MIDDLE EUROPE: Austria, Belgium, Switzerland, Germany
  • EASTERN EUROPE: Russian Federation-European part [European part], Belarus, Moldova, Ukraine (incl. Krym)
  • SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Greece, Croatia, Italy (incl. Sardinia), Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia
  • SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: Spain (incl. Baleares), France
Northern America
  • NORTHEASTERN U.S.A.: United States [Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, Ohio, Pennsylvania]
  • SOUTHWESTERN U.S.A.: United States [California]
Southern America
  • WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA: Ecuador [Pichincha]
  • SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina, Chile
Other (probable origin Mediterranean region)

Reference(s)
  1. Allan, H. H. B. et al. 1961-. Flora of New Zealand.
  2. Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
  3. FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
  4. Hansen, A. & P. Sunding. 1993. Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, ed. 4. Sommerfeltia vol. 17.
  5. Hnatiuk, R. J. 1990. Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series No. 11.
  6. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares.
  7. Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez, eds. 1999. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75
  8. Sharma, B. D. et al., eds. 1993-. Flora of India.
Economic Uses
UsageTypeNoteReference
Environmentalornamental Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening
Food additivescoloring Leung, A. Y. & S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2
Food additivescoloring Demasi, S. et al. 2021. Sensory profile, shelf life, and dynamics of bioactive compounds during cold storage of 17 edible flowers. Horticulturae. OAJ 7:166. DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7070166.
Food additivesflavoring Leung, A. Y. & S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2
Food additivesflavoring Demasi, S. et al. 2021. Sensory profile, shelf life, and dynamics of bioactive compounds during cold storage of 17 edible flowers. Horticulturae. OAJ 7:166. DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7070166.
Human foodbeverage base Demasi, S. et al. 2021. Sensory profile, shelf life, and dynamics of bioactive compounds during cold storage of 17 edible flowers. Horticulturae. OAJ 7:166. DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7070166.
Human foodvegetable Demasi, S. et al. 2021. Sensory profile, shelf life, and dynamics of bioactive compounds during cold storage of 17 edible flowers. Horticulturae. OAJ 7:166. DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7070166.
Medicinesfolklore Bisset, N. G., ed. 1994. Herbal drugs and phytopharmaceuticals. A handbook for practice on a scientific basis CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida. Note: translation of German edition by M. Wichtl, ed.
Medicinesfolklore Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
Medicinesfolklore McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2026. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://npgstest.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=8457. Accessed 14 April 2026.