Taxon:  Brassica oleracea L. var. gongylodes L. (Brassica oleracea Kohlrabi Group)



Summary
Genus:
Brassica
Family:
Brassicaceae (alt. Cruciferae)
Tribe:
Brassiceae
Nomen number:
7676
Place of publication:
Sp. pl. 2:667.  1753
Comment:
or Brassica oleracea Kohlrabi Group
Verified:
05/08/2010 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
70 (32  active, 11  available) in National Plant Germplasm System.  (Map it)
Other conspecific taxa
Brassica oleracea L. (68 active accession[s])
Brassica oleracea L. var. alboglabra (L. H. Bailey) Musil (8 active accession[s])
Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis L. (471 active accession[s])
Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L. (977 active accession[s])
Brassica oleracea L. var. costata DC. (12 active accession[s])
Brassica oleracea L. var. gemmifera DC. (75 active accession[s])
Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck (77 active accession[s])
Brassica oleracea L. var. medullosa Thell. (8 active accession[s])
Brassica oleracea L. var. oleracea (2 active accession[s])
Brassica oleracea L. var. palmifolia DC. (1 active accession[s])
Brassica oleracea L. var. ramosa DC. (2 active accession[s])
Brassica oleracea L. var. sabauda L. (25 active accession[s])
Brassica oleracea L. var. sabellica L. (13 active accession[s])
Brassica oleracea L. var. viridis L. (181 active accession[s])
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Homotypic Synonym(s)
Brassica gongylodes (L.) Mill.
Brassica oleracea L. subsp. gongylodes (L.) Schübl. & G. Martens

Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Brassica caulorapa Ser.
Brassica oleracea L. var. caulorapa DC.

No images


Conservation Status

Reference(s)
  1. PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
  2. APHIS. Agricultural Risk Management System United States Department of Agriculture.
  3. Arias, T. & J. C. Pires. 2012. A fully resolved chloroplast phylogeny of the brassica crops and wild relatives (Brassicaceae: Brassiceae): Novel clades and potential taxonomic implications. Taxon 61:980-98.
  4. Backer, C. A. & R. C. Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr. 1963-1968. Flora of Java.
  5. Bothmer, R. von et al. 1995. Brassica sect. Brassica (Brassicaceae). II. Inter- and intraspecific crosses with cultivars of B. oleracea. Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 42:165-178.
  6. Dias, J. S. 1995. Genetic relationships of Portuguese coles and other close related Brassica genotypes using nuclear RFLPs. Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 42:363-369.
  7. Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage
  8. Hammer, K. et al. 2013. The wild and the grown - Remarks about the botanical classification of Brassica. Acta Hort. 1005:49-59. Note: = Brassica oleracea subsp. capitata var. gongylodes
  9. Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
  10. Hegi, G. et al. 1986. Illustrierte Flora von Mittel-Europa 4(1):446. Note: = cultivariety
  11. Jalas, J. & J. Suominen. 1972-. Atlas florae europaeae. Note: = Brassica oleracea subsp. caulorapa (DC.) Metzg.
  12. Kianian, S. F. & C. F. Quiros. 1992. Trait inheritance, fertility, and genomic relationships of some n=9 Brassica species. Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 39:165-175.
  13. Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
  14. Kresovich, S. et al. 1992. Characterization of genetic identities and relationships of Brassica oleracea L. via a random amplified polymorphic DNA assay. Theor. Appl. Genet. 85:190-196.
  15. Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada
  16. Lowman, A. C. & M. D. Purugganan. 1999. Duplication of the Brassica oleracea APETALA1 floral homeotic gene and the evolution of domesticated cauliflower. J. Heredity 90:514-520.
  17. Mansfeld, R. 1959. Die Kulturpflanze, Beiheft 2.
  18. Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2
  19. Mei, J. et al. 2010. Genomic relationships between wild and cultivated Brassica oleracea L. with emphasis on the origination of cultivated crops. Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 57:1-15.
  20. Mun-Chan, B. et al. 1986. A checklist of the Korean cultivated plants. Kulturpflanze 34:85-86.
  21. Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970-. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
  22. Nieuwhof, M. 1969. Cole crops. 15.
  23. Oost, E. H. et al. 1989. Typification of Brassica oleracea L. (Cruciferae) and its Linnaean varieties. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 101:344. Note: selected lectotype
  24. Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
  25. Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
  26. Smith, L. B. & G. J. King. 2000. The distribution of Bo-CAL-a alleles in Brassica oleracea is consistent with a genetic model for curd development and domestication of the cauliflower. Molec. Breed. 6:603-613.
  27. Snogerup, S. 1980. Chapter 7. The wild forms of the Brassica oleracea group (2n=18) and their possible relations to the cultivated ones. In: Tsunoda, S. et al., Brassica crop and wild allies, biology and breeding. 121-132. Note: Japan Science Press, Tokyo.
  28. Song, K. et al. 1988. Brassica taxonomy based on nuclear restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). 1. Genome evolution of diploid and amphidiploid species. Theor. Appl. Genet. 75:784-794.
  29. Song, K. et al. 1988. Brassica taxonomy based on nuclear restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). 2. Preliminary analysis of subspecies within B. rapa (syn. campestris) and B. oleracea. Theor. Appl. Genet. 76:593-600.
  30. Song, K. et al. 1990. Brassica taxonomy based on nuclear restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). 3. Genome relationships in Brassica and related genera and the origin of B. oleracea and B. rapa (syn. campestris). Theor. Appl. Genet. 79:497-506.
  31. Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966-. Flora of Iraq.
  32. Uphof, J. C. T. 1968. Dictionary of economic plants, ed. 2.
  33. Walker, E. 1976. Flora of Okinawa and the southern Ryukyu Islands.
  34. Warwick, S. I. et al. 2006. Brassicaceae: Species checklist and database on CD-Rom. Pl. Syst. Evol. 259:249-258. Note: lists in database
  35. Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
Common names
LanguageNameAlternate namenoteseqCitation
Englishcabbage turnip  1Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2
Englishkohlrabi  1Wiersema, J. H. & B. León. 1999. World economic plants: a standard reference CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
Englishstem turnip  1Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2
Englishturnip cabbage  1Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
Englishturnip kale  1Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
Chinesepie lan擘蓝 2Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
Frenchchou rave  2Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
GermanKohlrabi  2Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Italiancavolo rapa  2Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
Italiancol rabano  2Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
Portuguesecouve-rábano  2Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Spanishcol rábano  2Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Spanishcolinabo  2Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Spanishcolirrábano  2Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Transliterated Russiankol'rabi  2Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
Distribution
order_codeStatusContinentSubcontinentCountryStateNoteReference
2Cultivated    only cult.Snogerup, S. 1980. Chapter 7. The wild forms of the Brassica oleracea group (2n=18) and their possible relations to the cultivated ones. In: Tsunoda, S. et al., Brassica crop and wild allies, biology and breeding. 121-132. Note: Japan Science Press, Tokyo.
Cultivated (only cult.)

Reference(s)
  1. Snogerup, S. 1980. Chapter 7. The wild forms of the Brassica oleracea group (2n=18) and their possible relations to the cultivated ones. In: Tsunoda, S. et al., Brassica crop and wild allies, biology and breeding. 121-132. Note: Japan Science Press, Tokyo.
Economic Uses
UsageTypeNoteReference
Human foodvegetable Uphof, J. C. T. 1968. Dictionary of economic plants, ed. 2.
Human foodvegetable Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada
Human foodvegetabletubers of different colorsHammer, K. et al. 2013. The wild and the grown - Remarks about the botanical classification of Brassica. Acta Hort. 1005:49-59. Note: = Brassica oleracea subsp. capitata var. gongylodes
Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2026. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://npgstest.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=7676. Accessed 15 May 2026.