Taxon:  Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik.



Summary
Genus:
Abelmoschus
Family:
Malvaceae
Subfamily:
Malvoideae
Tribe:
Hibisceae
Nomen number:
621
Place of publication:
Malvenfam. 46.  1787
Verified:
05/23/1995 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
334 (326  active, 232  available) in National Plant Germplasm System.  (Map it)
Other conspecific taxa
Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik. subsp. manihot (0 active accession[s])
Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik. subsp. tetraphyllus (Roxb. ex Hornem.) Borss. Waalk. var. megaspermus Hemadri (0 active accession[s])
Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik. subsp. tetraphyllus (Roxb. ex Hornem.) Borss. Waalk. var. pungens (Roxb.) Hochr. (1 active accession[s])
Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik. subsp. tetraphyllus (Roxb. ex Hornem.) Borss. Waalk. var. tetraphyllus (Roxb. ex Hornem.) Hochr. (76 active accession[s])
Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik. var. manihot (0 active accession[s])
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
No images


Conservation Status

Reference(s)
  1. Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
  2. APHIS. Agricultural Risk Management System United States Department of Agriculture.
  3. Backer, C. A. & R. C. Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr. 1963-1968. Flora of Java.
  4. Bates, D. M. 1968. Notes on the cultivated Malvaceae 2. Abelmoschus. Baileya 16:107-110.
  5. Borssum Waalkes, J. v. 1966. Malesian Malvaceae revised. Blumea 14:95-100.
  6. Bosser, J. M. et al., eds. 1976-. Flores des Mascareignes.
  7. Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959-. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae.
  8. Erhardt, W. et al. 2008. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen 2:1162.
  9. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
  10. Grierson, A. J. C. & D. J. Long. 1984-. Flora of Bhutan including a record of plants from Sikkim.
  11. Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
  12. Hara, H. et al. 1978-1982. An enumeration of the flowering plants of Nepal.
  13. Harling, G. & B. Sparre, eds. 1973-. Flora of Ecuador.
  14. Hnatiuk, R. J. 1990. Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series No. 11.
  15. Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada
  16. Mun-Chan, B. et al. 1986. A checklist of the Korean cultivated plants. Kulturpflanze 34:73.
  17. Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970-. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
  18. Patil, P. et al. 2015. A systematic review of the genus Abelmoschus (Malvaceae). Rheedea 25:14-30.
  19. Paul, T. K. & M. P. Nayar. 1988. Malvaceae. In: Botanical Survey of India, Fascicles of flora of India. 19:107.
  20. Personal Care Products Council. International Nomenclature Cosmetic Ingredient
  21. Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
  22. Reddy, M. T. 2015. Crossability behavior and fertility restoration through colchiploidy in interspecific hybrids of Abelmoschus esculentus × Abelmoschus manihot subsp. tetraphyllus. Int. J. Pl. Sci. Ecol. 1:172-181. Note: ISSN Online 2381-7003
  23. Sharma, B. D. et al., eds. 1993-. Flora of India.
  24. Siemonsma, J. S. & Kasem Piluek, eds. 1993. Vegetables. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 8:60-62.
  25. Smith, A. C. 1979-1991. Flora vitiensis nova.
  26. Still, S. M. 1994. Manual of herbaceous ornamental plants, ed. 4
  27. Tai Hyun Chung. 1965. Illustrated encyclopedia of fauna & flora of Korea, vol. 5, Tracheophyta.
  28. Tyagi, A. P. 2002. Cytogenetics and reproductive biology of some BELE (Abelmoschus manihot Linn., Medic sub-species manihot) cultivars. S. Pacific J. Nat. Sci. 20:4-8.
  29. Werner, O. et al. 2016. Molecular systematics of Abelmoschus (Malvaceae) and genetic diversity within the cultivated species of this genus based on nuclear ITS and chloroplast rpL16 sequence data. Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 63:429-445.
  30. Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
Common names
LanguageNameAlternate namenoteseqCitation
Englishmanioc-hibiscus  1Erhardt, W. et al. 2008. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen 2:1162.
Englishsunset-hibiscus  1Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
Chinesehuang shu kui黄蜀葵 2Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
Fijianbele  2Tyagi, A. P. 2002. Cytogenetics and reproductive biology of some BELE (Abelmoschus manihot Linn., Medic sub-species manihot) cultivars. S. Pacific J. Nat. Sci. 20:4-8.
Fijianmbele  2Smith, A. C. 1979-1991. Flora vitiensis nova.
GermanManiok-Bisameibisch  2Erhardt, W. et al. 2008. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen 2:1162.
Papuanaibika  2Siemonsma, J. S. & Kasem Piluek, eds. 1993. Vegetables. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 8:60-62.
Swedishsolokra  2Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
Transcribed Koreanhwangchokgyu  2Tai Hyun Chung. 1965. Illustrated encyclopedia of fauna & flora of Korea, vol. 5, Tracheophyta.
Distribution
order_codeStatusContinentSubcontinentCountryStateNoteReference
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaFujian Sheng Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959-. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae.
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaGuangdong Sheng Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaGuangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaGuizhou Sheng Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaHebei Sheng Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaHenan Sheng Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaHubei Sheng Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaHunan Sheng Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaShaanxi Sheng Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaShandong Sheng Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaSichuan Sheng Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaYunnan Sheng Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1NativeAsia-TemperateEastern AsiaTaiwan  Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentBhutan  Grierson, A. J. C. & D. J. Long. 1984-. Flora of Bhutan including a record of plants from Sikkim.
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentIndia  Sharma, B. D. et al., eds. 1993-. Flora of India.
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentNepal  Hara, H. et al. 1978-1982. An enumeration of the flowering plants of Nepal.
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentPakistan  Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970-. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaMyanmar  Borssum Waalkes, J. v. 1966. Malesian Malvaceae revised. Blumea 14:95-100.
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaThailand n.Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1NativeAsia-TropicalMalesiaIndonesia  Borssum Waalkes, J. v. 1966. Malesian Malvaceae revised. Blumea 14:95-100.
1NativeAsia-TropicalMalesiaMalaysia  Borssum Waalkes, J. v. 1966. Malesian Malvaceae revised. Blumea 14:95-100.
1NativeAsia-TropicalMalesiaPhilippines  Borssum Waalkes, J. v. 1966. Malesian Malvaceae revised. Blumea 14:95-100.
1NativeAsia-TropicalPapuasiaPapua New Guinea  Borssum Waalkes, J. v. 1966. Malesian Malvaceae revised. Blumea 14:95-100.
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateChinaChina  Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateEastern AsiaJapan  Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentIndia  Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaIndochina  Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalMalesiaIndonesia  Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalPapuasiaPapua New Guinea  Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalPapuasiaSolomon Islands  Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
2CultivatedPacificSouthwestern PacificVanuatu  Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
Native
Asia-Temperate
  • CHINA: China [Fujian Sheng, Guangdong Sheng, Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu, Guizhou Sheng, Hebei Sheng, Henan Sheng, Hubei Sheng, Hunan Sheng, Shaanxi Sheng, Shandong Sheng, Sichuan Sheng, Yunnan Sheng]
  • EASTERN ASIA: Taiwan
Asia-Tropical
  • INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan
  • PAPUASIA: Papua New Guinea
  • INDO-CHINA: Myanmar, Thailand (n.)
  • MALESIA: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines
Cultivated
Asia-Temperate
  • CHINA: China
  • EASTERN ASIA: Japan
Asia-Tropical
  • INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: India
  • PAPUASIA: Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands
  • INDO-CHINA: Indochina
  • MALESIA: Indonesia
Pacific
  • SOUTHWESTERN PACIFIC: Vanuatu

Reference(s)
  1. Borssum Waalkes, J. v. 1966. Malesian Malvaceae revised. Blumea 14:95-100.
  2. Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959-. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae.
  3. Grierson, A. J. C. & D. J. Long. 1984-. Flora of Bhutan including a record of plants from Sikkim.
  4. Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
  5. Hara, H. et al. 1978-1982. An enumeration of the flowering plants of Nepal.
  6. Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970-. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
  7. Sharma, B. D. et al., eds. 1993-. Flora of India.
  8. Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
Economic Uses
UsageTypeNoteReference
Environmentalornamental Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada
Environmentalornamental Still, S. M. 1994. Manual of herbaceous ornamental plants, ed. 4
Human foodvegetable Paul, T. K. & M. P. Nayar. 1988. Malvaceae. In: Botanical Survey of India, Fascicles of flora of India. 19:107.
Materialsfiber Paul, T. K. & M. P. Nayar. 1988. Malvaceae. In: Botanical Survey of India, Fascicles of flora of India. 19:107.
Materialsgum/resinmucilage used in China & Japan to size paperPaul, T. K. & M. P. Nayar. 1988. Malvaceae. In: Botanical Survey of India, Fascicles of flora of India. 19:107.
Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2026. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://npgstest.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=621. Accessed 12 May 2026.