Taxon: Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench

Summary

Genus:

Abelmoschus

Family:

Malvaceae

Subfamily:

Malvoideae

Tribe:

Hibisceae

Nomen number:

619

Place of publication:

Methodus 617. 1794

Comment:

a probable allopolyploid

Verified:

07/26/1995 ARS Systematic Botanists.

Accessions:

2404 (2236 active, 1694 available) in National Plant Germplasm System. (Map it)

Other conspecific taxa

Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations

Basionym
Hibiscus esculentus L.

Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Hibiscus longifolius Willd.
Hibiscus longifolius Willd. var. longifolius

Images (3 total. Click on image for more.)

Links

Forestry Images – from www.forestryimages.org
Seeds or fruits – Seed ID Workshop image, from Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio State University

Conservation Status

Reference(s)

PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
APHIS. Agricultural Risk Management System United States Department of Agriculture.
Bates, D. M. 1968. Notes on the cultivated Malvaceae 2. Abelmoschus. Baileya 16:110-112.
Bisht, I. S. & K. V. Bhat. 2007. Vegetable crops: Okra (Abelmoschus spp.). In: Singh, R. J. et al., eds., Genetic resources, chromosome engineering, and crop improvement 148-183. Note: CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton - London - New York
Borssum Waalkes, J. v. 1966. Malesian Malvaceae revised. Blumea 14:100-101.
Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959-. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae.
Dassanayake, M. D. & F. R. Fosberg, eds. 1980-. A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon.
Demilly, D. et al. 2001. Liste alphabétique des principales espèces de plantes cultivées et de mauvaises herbes. Noms latins et noms français, ed. 7 GEVES-SNES, Beaucouzé, France.
Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
Erhardt, W. et al. 2008. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen 2:1162.
Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
Hackett, C. & J. Carolane. 1982. Edible Horticultural Crops Academic Press.
Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
Hermann, M. 1997. Arracacha. Arracacia xanthorrhiza Bancroft. In: Hermann, M. & J. Heller (eds.), Andean roots and tubers: Ahipa, arracacha, maca and yacon. 87.
Hoang, H.-D. et al. 1997. Additional notes to the checklist of Korean cultivated plants (5). Consolidated summary and indexes. Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 44:352.
Humbert, J.-H., ed. 1936-. Flore de Madagascar et des Comores.
International Seed Testing Association. 1982. A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names 1. Field crops, grasses and vegetables, ed. 2.
Jørgensen, P. M., ed. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia (Catalogue of vascular plants of Bolivia) (on-line resource).
Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada
Mabberley, D. J. 1997. The plant-book: a portable dictionary of the vascular plants, ed. 2
Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2
McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
Patil, P. et al. 2015. A systematic review of the genus Abelmoschus (Malvaceae). Rheedea 25:14-30.
Personal Care Products Council. International Nomenclature Cosmetic Ingredient
Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
Schafleitner, R. et al. 2013. The okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) transcriptome as a source for gene sequence information and molecular markers for diversity analysis. Gene 517:27-36. Note: polyploid; 2n=72, 108, 120, 132, and 144
Siemonsma, J. S. & Kasem Piluek, eds. 1993. Vegetables. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 8:57.
Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).

Common names

Language	Name	Alternate name	seq	Citation
English	gumbo		1	Wiersema, J. H. & B. León. 1999. World economic plants: a standard reference CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
English	lady's-fingers		1	Mabberley, D. J. 1997. The plant-book: a portable dictionary of the vascular plants, ed. 2
English	okra		1	Wiersema, J. H. & B. León. 1999. World economic plants: a standard reference CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
Chinese	ka fei huang kui	咖啡黄葵	2	Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
French	gombo		2	Humbert, J.-H., ed. 1936-. Flore de Madagascar et des Comores.
French	okra		2	Demilly, D. et al. 2001. Liste alphabétique des principales espèces de plantes cultivées et de mauvaises herbes. Noms latins et noms français, ed. 7 GEVES-SNES, Beaucouzé, France.
German	eßbarer Bisameibisch		2	Erhardt, W. et al. 2008. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen 2:1162.
German	Ocker		2	Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
Hindi	bhindi		2	Schafleitner, R. et al. 2013. The okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) transcriptome as a source for gene sequence information and molecular markers for diversity analysis. Gene 517:27-36. Note: polyploid; 2n=72, 108, 120, 132, and 144
Indonesian	kopi arab		2	Siemonsma, J. S. & Kasem Piluek, eds. 1993. Vegetables. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 8:57.
Italian	gombo		2	Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
Italian	ocra		2	International Seed Testing Association. 1982. A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names 1. Field crops, grasses and vegetables, ed. 2.
Malay	kacang bendi		2	Siemonsma, J. S. & Kasem Piluek, eds. 1993. Vegetables. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 8:57.
Portuguese (Brazil)	quiabo		2	Hermann, M. 1997. Arracacha. Arracacia xanthorrhiza Bancroft. In: Hermann, M. & J. Heller (eds.), Andean roots and tubers: Ahipa, arracacha, maca and yacon. 87.
Spanish	gombo		2	Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
Swedish	okra		2	Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
Transliterated Russian	bamiâ		2	Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6

Distribution

order_code	Status	Continent	Subcontinent	Country	Note	Reference
2	Cultivated				widely cult. in tropic & warm-temperate regions
2	Cultivated	Africa	East Tropical Africa	Kenya		Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
2	Cultivated	Africa	East Tropical Africa	Tanzania		Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
2	Cultivated	Africa	East Tropical Africa	Uganda		Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
2	Cultivated	Africa	Macaronesia	Cabo Verde		PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	Northeast Tropical Africa	Chad		PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	Northeast Tropical Africa	Eritrea		PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	Northeast Tropical Africa	Ethiopia		Bisht, I. S. & K. V. Bhat. 2007. Vegetable crops: Okra (Abelmoschus spp.). In: Singh, R. J. et al., eds., Genetic resources, chromosome engineering, and crop improvement 148-183. Note: CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton - London - New York
2	Cultivated	Africa	Northeast Tropical Africa	Somalia		PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	Northeast Tropical Africa	Sudan		PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	Northern Africa	Egypt		Bisht, I. S. & K. V. Bhat. 2007. Vegetable crops: Okra (Abelmoschus spp.). In: Singh, R. J. et al., eds., Genetic resources, chromosome engineering, and crop improvement 148-183. Note: CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton - London - New York
2	Cultivated	Africa	South Tropical Africa	Malawi		PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	South Tropical Africa	Mozambique		PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	South Tropical Africa	Zambia		PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	South Tropical Africa	Zimbabwe		PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	Southern Africa	Botswana		PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	Southern Africa	Namibia		PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Benin		Bisht, I. S. & K. V. Bhat. 2007. Vegetable crops: Okra (Abelmoschus spp.). In: Singh, R. J. et al., eds., Genetic resources, chromosome engineering, and crop improvement 148-183. Note: CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton - London - New York
2	Cultivated	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Burkina Faso		Bisht, I. S. & K. V. Bhat. 2007. Vegetable crops: Okra (Abelmoschus spp.). In: Singh, R. J. et al., eds., Genetic resources, chromosome engineering, and crop improvement 148-183. Note: CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton - London - New York
2	Cultivated	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Côte D'Ivoire		PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Ghana		Bisht, I. S. & K. V. Bhat. 2007. Vegetable crops: Okra (Abelmoschus spp.). In: Singh, R. J. et al., eds., Genetic resources, chromosome engineering, and crop improvement 148-183. Note: CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton - London - New York
2	Cultivated	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Mali		PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Mauritania		PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Niger		PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Nigeria		Bisht, I. S. & K. V. Bhat. 2007. Vegetable crops: Okra (Abelmoschus spp.). In: Singh, R. J. et al., eds., Genetic resources, chromosome engineering, and crop improvement 148-183. Note: CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton - London - New York
2	Cultivated	Africa	West-Central Tropical Africa	Cameroon		Bisht, I. S. & K. V. Bhat. 2007. Vegetable crops: Okra (Abelmoschus spp.). In: Singh, R. J. et al., eds., Genetic resources, chromosome engineering, and crop improvement 148-183. Note: CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton - London - New York
2	Cultivated	Africa	West-Central Tropical Africa	Democratic Republic of the Congo		Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
2	Cultivated	Africa	West-Central Tropical Africa	Gabon		PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	Western Indian Ocean	Comoros		PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	Western Indian Ocean	Madagascar		PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	Arabian Peninsula	Kuwait		Bisht, I. S. & K. V. Bhat. 2007. Vegetable crops: Okra (Abelmoschus spp.). In: Singh, R. J. et al., eds., Genetic resources, chromosome engineering, and crop improvement 148-183. Note: CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton - London - New York
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	Arabian Peninsula	Qatar		Bisht, I. S. & K. V. Bhat. 2007. Vegetable crops: Okra (Abelmoschus spp.). In: Singh, R. J. et al., eds., Genetic resources, chromosome engineering, and crop improvement 148-183. Note: CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton - London - New York
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	Arabian Peninsula	Saudi Arabia		Bisht, I. S. & K. V. Bhat. 2007. Vegetable crops: Okra (Abelmoschus spp.). In: Singh, R. J. et al., eds., Genetic resources, chromosome engineering, and crop improvement 148-183. Note: CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton - London - New York
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	Arabian Peninsula	Yemen		Bisht, I. S. & K. V. Bhat. 2007. Vegetable crops: Okra (Abelmoschus spp.). In: Singh, R. J. et al., eds., Genetic resources, chromosome engineering, and crop improvement 148-183. Note: CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton - London - New York
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	China	China		Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	Eastern Asia	Japan		Bisht, I. S. & K. V. Bhat. 2007. Vegetable crops: Okra (Abelmoschus spp.). In: Singh, R. J. et al., eds., Genetic resources, chromosome engineering, and crop improvement 148-183. Note: CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton - London - New York
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Afghanistan		Bisht, I. S. & K. V. Bhat. 2007. Vegetable crops: Okra (Abelmoschus spp.). In: Singh, R. J. et al., eds., Genetic resources, chromosome engineering, and crop improvement 148-183. Note: CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton - London - New York
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Cyprus		Bisht, I. S. & K. V. Bhat. 2007. Vegetable crops: Okra (Abelmoschus spp.). In: Singh, R. J. et al., eds., Genetic resources, chromosome engineering, and crop improvement 148-183. Note: CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton - London - New York
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Iran		Bisht, I. S. & K. V. Bhat. 2007. Vegetable crops: Okra (Abelmoschus spp.). In: Singh, R. J. et al., eds., Genetic resources, chromosome engineering, and crop improvement 148-183. Note: CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton - London - New York
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Jordan		Bisht, I. S. & K. V. Bhat. 2007. Vegetable crops: Okra (Abelmoschus spp.). In: Singh, R. J. et al., eds., Genetic resources, chromosome engineering, and crop improvement 148-183. Note: CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton - London - New York
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Lebanon		Bisht, I. S. & K. V. Bhat. 2007. Vegetable crops: Okra (Abelmoschus spp.). In: Singh, R. J. et al., eds., Genetic resources, chromosome engineering, and crop improvement 148-183. Note: CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton - London - New York
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Syria		Bisht, I. S. & K. V. Bhat. 2007. Vegetable crops: Okra (Abelmoschus spp.). In: Singh, R. J. et al., eds., Genetic resources, chromosome engineering, and crop improvement 148-183. Note: CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton - London - New York
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Turkey		Bisht, I. S. & K. V. Bhat. 2007. Vegetable crops: Okra (Abelmoschus spp.). In: Singh, R. J. et al., eds., Genetic resources, chromosome engineering, and crop improvement 148-183. Note: CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton - London - New York
2	Cultivated	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	Bangladesh		Bisht, I. S. & K. V. Bhat. 2007. Vegetable crops: Okra (Abelmoschus spp.). In: Singh, R. J. et al., eds., Genetic resources, chromosome engineering, and crop improvement 148-183. Note: CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton - London - New York
2	Cultivated	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	India		Bisht, I. S. & K. V. Bhat. 2007. Vegetable crops: Okra (Abelmoschus spp.). In: Singh, R. J. et al., eds., Genetic resources, chromosome engineering, and crop improvement 148-183. Note: CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton - London - New York
2	Cultivated	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	Pakistan		Bisht, I. S. & K. V. Bhat. 2007. Vegetable crops: Okra (Abelmoschus spp.). In: Singh, R. J. et al., eds., Genetic resources, chromosome engineering, and crop improvement 148-183. Note: CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton - London - New York
2	Cultivated	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	Sri Lanka		Dassanayake, M. D. & F. R. Fosberg, eds. 1980-. A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon.
2	Cultivated	Asia-Tropical	Indo-China	Myanmar		Bisht, I. S. & K. V. Bhat. 2007. Vegetable crops: Okra (Abelmoschus spp.). In: Singh, R. J. et al., eds., Genetic resources, chromosome engineering, and crop improvement 148-183. Note: CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton - London - New York
2	Cultivated	Asia-Tropical	Indo-China	Thailand		PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Asia-Tropical	Malesia	Malaysia		Bisht, I. S. & K. V. Bhat. 2007. Vegetable crops: Okra (Abelmoschus spp.). In: Singh, R. J. et al., eds., Genetic resources, chromosome engineering, and crop improvement 148-183. Note: CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton - London - New York
2	Cultivated	Asia-Tropical	Malesia	Philippines		PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Former Yugoslavia		Bisht, I. S. & K. V. Bhat. 2007. Vegetable crops: Okra (Abelmoschus spp.). In: Singh, R. J. et al., eds., Genetic resources, chromosome engineering, and crop improvement 148-183. Note: CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton - London - New York
2	Cultivated	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Greece		Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
2	Cultivated	Northern America		Mexico		Bisht, I. S. & K. V. Bhat. 2007. Vegetable crops: Okra (Abelmoschus spp.). In: Singh, R. J. et al., eds., Genetic resources, chromosome engineering, and crop improvement 148-183. Note: CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton - London - New York
2	Cultivated	Northern America		United States		Bisht, I. S. & K. V. Bhat. 2007. Vegetable crops: Okra (Abelmoschus spp.). In: Singh, R. J. et al., eds., Genetic resources, chromosome engineering, and crop improvement 148-183. Note: CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton - London - New York
2	Cultivated	Pacific	Southwestern Pacific	Fiji		Bisht, I. S. & K. V. Bhat. 2007. Vegetable crops: Okra (Abelmoschus spp.). In: Singh, R. J. et al., eds., Genetic resources, chromosome engineering, and crop improvement 148-183. Note: CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton - London - New York
2	Cultivated	Southern America	Brazil	Brazil		Bisht, I. S. & K. V. Bhat. 2007. Vegetable crops: Okra (Abelmoschus spp.). In: Singh, R. J. et al., eds., Genetic resources, chromosome engineering, and crop improvement 148-183. Note: CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton - London - New York
2	Cultivated	Southern America	Caribbean	Barbados		Bisht, I. S. & K. V. Bhat. 2007. Vegetable crops: Okra (Abelmoschus spp.). In: Singh, R. J. et al., eds., Genetic resources, chromosome engineering, and crop improvement 148-183. Note: CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton - London - New York
2	Cultivated	Southern America	Central America	Belize		Bisht, I. S. & K. V. Bhat. 2007. Vegetable crops: Okra (Abelmoschus spp.). In: Singh, R. J. et al., eds., Genetic resources, chromosome engineering, and crop improvement 148-183. Note: CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton - London - New York
2	Cultivated	Southern America	Central America	Guatemala		Bisht, I. S. & K. V. Bhat. 2007. Vegetable crops: Okra (Abelmoschus spp.). In: Singh, R. J. et al., eds., Genetic resources, chromosome engineering, and crop improvement 148-183. Note: CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton - London - New York

Cultivated

REGION:

Africa

MACARONESIA: Cabo Verde
NORTHERN AFRICA: Egypt
NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan, Somalia, Chad
EAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
WEST-CENTRAL TROPICAL AFRICA: Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon
WEST TROPICAL AFRICA: Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte D'Ivoire, Ghana, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria
SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA: Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe
SOUTHERN AFRICA: Botswana, Namibia
WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN: Comoros, Madagascar

Asia-Temperate

ARABIAN PENINSULA: Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Yemen
WESTERN ASIA: Afghanistan, Cyprus, Iran, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey
CHINA: China
EASTERN ASIA: Japan

Asia-Tropical

INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan
INDO-CHINA: Myanmar, Thailand
MALESIA: Malaysia, Philippines

Europe

SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Former Yugoslavia, Greece

Northern America

REGION: Mexico, United States

Pacific

SOUTHWESTERN PACIFIC: Fiji

Southern America

CARIBBEAN: Barbados
CENTRAL AMERICA: Belize, Guatemala
BRAZIL: Brazil

Reference(s)

PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
Bisht, I. S. & K. V. Bhat. 2007. Vegetable crops: Okra (Abelmoschus spp.). In: Singh, R. J. et al., eds., Genetic resources, chromosome engineering, and crop improvement 148-183. Note: CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton - London - New York
Dassanayake, M. D. & F. R. Fosberg, eds. 1980-. A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon.
Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).

Economic Uses

Usage	Type	Reference
Human food	vegetable	Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2
Medicines	folklore	Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
Medicines	folklore	McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.

Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2026. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://npgstest.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=619. Accessed 12 May 2026.