Taxon:  Citrus ×aurantium L. var. racemosa (Risso) ined.



Summary
Genus:
Citrus
Family:
Rutaceae
Subfamily:
Aurantioideae
Tribe:
Aurantieae
Subtribe:
Citrinae
Nomen number:
488416
Comment:
epithet with priority at variety rank for taxon, combination not yet made
Verified:
Name not verified.
Accessions:
105 (75  active, 56  available) in National Plant Germplasm System.  (Map it)
Other conspecific taxa
Citrus ×aurantium L. (134 active accession[s])
Citrus ×aurantium L. var. aurantium (5 active accession[s])
Citrus ×aurantium L. var. chrysocarpa (Hassk.) ined. (88 active accession[s])
Citrus ×aurantium L. var. sinensis L. (324 active accession[s])
Conservation Status

Reference(s)
  1. Kawaii, S. et al. 1999. Quantitation of flavonoid constituents in Citrus fruits. J. Agric. Food Chem. 47:3565-3571. Note: this study examined "edible parts" of over 49 species of Citrus (including Fortunella and Poncirus as distinct genera); Citrus × aurantium var. racemosa (as C. sulcata) shared similar flavonoid composition than other sweet and sour oranges species
  2. Yildirim, B. et al. 2010. Fruit yield and quality of Santa Teresa lemon on seven rootstocks in Adana (Turkey). African J. Agric. Res. 5:1077-1081. Note: it included "Citrus obovoidea" and "C. sulcata"
Common names
LanguageNameAlternate namenoteseqCitation
Englishgrapefruit  1Wiersema, J. H. & B. León. 1999. World economic plants: a standard reference CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. Note: as Citrus ×paradisi
Englishhassaku orange as Citrus hassaku1Tanaka, T. 1954. Species problem in Citrus: a critical study of wild and cultivated units of Citrus, based upon field studies in their native homes. In: Tanaka, T., Revisio Aurantiacearum. 9:120. Note: lists as "hassaka" as Citrus hassaku
EnglishJapanese summer grapefruit  1Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6 Note: as Citrus natsudaidai
Englishkinkoji as Citrus obovoidea1Tanaka, T. 1954. Species problem in Citrus: a critical study of wild and cultivated units of Citrus, based upon field studies in their native homes. In: Tanaka, T., Revisio Aurantiacearum. 9:121. Note: as Citrus ×obovoidea
EnglishNaruto orange as Citrus medioglobosa1Tanaka, T. 1954. Species problem in Citrus: a critical study of wild and cultivated units of Citrus, based upon field studies in their native homes. In: Tanaka, T., Revisio Aurantiacearum. 9:121. Note: as Citrus medioglobosa
Frenchpomelo  2Hackett, C. & J. Carolane. 1982. Edible Horticultural Crops Academic Press. Note: as Citrus ×paradisi
GermanGrapefruit  2Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants Note: as Citrus ×paradisi
GermanParadisapfel  2Reichel, S. 1998. pers. comm. Note: re. German common names as Citrus ×paradisi
Japanese Rōmajikikudaidai as Citrus medioglobosa2Bhusal, R. C. et al. 2002. Selection of rootstocks for flooding and drought tolerance in citrus species. Pakistan J. Biol. Sci. 5:509-512. Note: as Citrus medioglobosa
Japanese Rōmajikinukawa as Citrus glaberrima2Tanaka, T. 1954. Species problem in Citrus: a critical study of wild and cultivated units of Citrus, based upon field studies in their native homes. In: Tanaka, T., Revisio Aurantiacearum. 9:119. Note: as Citrus ×glaberrima
Japanese RōmajiNaruto-mikan as Citrus medioglobosa2Bhusal, R. C. et al. 2002. Selection of rootstocks for flooding and drought tolerance in citrus species. Pakistan J. Biol. Sci. 5:509-512. Note: as Citrus medioglobosa
Japanese Rōmajinatsu-daidai  2Walker, E. 1976. Flora of Okinawa and the southern Ryukyu Islands. Note: as Citrus natsudaidai
Japanese Rōmajinatsu-mikan  2Iwatsuki, K. et al. 1993-. Flora of Japan. Note: as Citrus natsudaidai
Japanese Rōmajisanbokan as 2Tanaka, T. 1954. Species problem in Citrus: a critical study of wild and cultivated units of Citrus, based upon field studies in their native homes. In: Tanaka, T., Revisio Aurantiacearum. 9:122. Note: as Citrus ×sulcata
Portuguesepomelo  2Hackett, C. & J. Carolane. 1982. Edible Horticultural Crops Academic Press. Note: as Citrus ×paradisi
Spanishpomelo  2Hackett, C. & J. Carolane. 1982. Edible Horticultural Crops Academic Press. Note: as Citrus ×paradisi
Spanishpomelo japonés de verano  2Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6 Note: as Citrus natsudaidai
Spanishtoronja  2Soukup, J. 1970. Vocabulario de los nombres vulgares de la flora peruana. 84. Note: as Citrus ×paradisi
Transcribed Chineseyuan you  2Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6 Note: as Citrus ×paradisi
unknownattani as Citrus rugulosa2Singh, R. & N. Nath. 1969. Practical approach to the classification of Citrus. In: H. D. Chapman (ed.), Proceedings of the First International Citrus Symposium. 1:439. Note: as Citrus ×rugulosa
Distribution
order_codeStatusContinentSubcontinentCountryStateNoteReference
2Cultivated    widely cult. in tropics & subtropicsFacciola, S. 1990. Cornucopia, a source book of edible plants Kampong Publications.
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateEastern AsiaJapan  Penjor, T. et al. 2013. Phylogenetic relationships of Citrus and its relatives based on matK gene sequences. PLoS One 8(4): e62574. Note: this study included one sample of Citrus natsudaidai that was resolved in the "Pummelo clade"
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateEastern AsiaKorea  Jung, Y.-H. et al. 2005. Investigation of the phylogenetic relationships within the genus Citrus (Rutaceae) and related species in Korea using plastid trnL-trnF sequences. Sci. Hort. 104:179-188.
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentIndia e. 
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalMalesiaPhilippinesMindanao Merrill, E. D. 1922-1926. An enumeration of Philippine flowering plants. Note: = Citrus aurantiifolia var. miaray (Wester) Merr.
Cultivated

  • REGION:
Asia-Temperate
  • EASTERN ASIA: Korea, Japan
Asia-Tropical
  • INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: India (e.)
  • MALESIA: Philippines [Mindanao]

Reference(s)
  1. Facciola, S. 1990. Cornucopia, a source book of edible plants Kampong Publications.
  2. Jung, Y.-H. et al. 2005. Investigation of the phylogenetic relationships within the genus Citrus (Rutaceae) and related species in Korea using plastid trnL-trnF sequences. Sci. Hort. 104:179-188.
  3. Merrill, E. D. 1922-1926. An enumeration of Philippine flowering plants. Note: = Citrus aurantiifolia var. miaray (Wester) Merr.
  4. Penjor, T. et al. 2013. Phylogenetic relationships of Citrus and its relatives based on matK gene sequences. PLoS One 8(4): e62574. Note: this study included one sample of Citrus natsudaidai that was resolved in the "Pummelo clade"
Economic Uses
UsageTypeNoteReference
Food additivesflavoring Leung, A. Y. & S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2 286. Note: as Citrus ×paradisi
Food additivesflavoring Ogawa, K. et al. 2000. Evaluation of auraptene content in Citrus fruits and their products. J. Agric. Food Chem. 48:1763-1769. Note: as Citrus natsudaidai
Human foodbeverage base Rehm, S. & G. Espig. 1991. The cultivated plants of the tropics and subtropics Note: as Citrus ×paradisi
Human foodbeverage base Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6 Note: as Citrus natsudaidai
Human foodfruit Rehm, S. & G. Espig. 1991. The cultivated plants of the tropics and subtropics Note: as Citrus ×paradisi
Human foodfruit Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6 Note: as Citrus natsudaidai
Human foodfruitas Citrus rugulosaMatsumoto, H. et al. 2007. Quantification of carotenoids in Citrus fruit by LC-MS and comparison of patterns of seasonal changes for carotenoids among Citrus varieties. J. Agric. Food Chem. 55:2356-2368. Note: this study included one accession of Citrus rugulosa that showed low carotenoid content
Human foodfruitas Citrus sulcataKawaii, S. et al. 1999. Quantitation of flavonoid constituents in Citrus fruits. J. Agric. Food Chem. 47:3565-3571. Note: this study examined "edible parts" of over 49 species of Citrus (including Fortunella and Poncirus as distinct genera); Citrus × aurantium var. racemosa (as C. sulcata) shared similar flavonoid composition than other sweet and sour oranges species
Human foodfruitrelated to grapefruit, as Citrus hassakuUzun, A. et al. 2010. Distinguishing grapefruit and pummelo accessions using ISSR markers. Czech J. Genet. Pl. Breed. 46:170-177. Note: this study evaluated 12 ISSR primers for samples of Citrus paradisi, C. maxima and C. hassaku; a similarity matrix based on Dice's coefficient was used for generating a dendrogram were C. hassaku grouped with a cultivar of C. paradisi, this finding suggests the hypothesis of the hybrid origin of the former, also supported with the PCA analyses
Materialschemicalspotential, as Citrus ujukitsuOmori, H. et al. 2011. Characterization of aroma compounds in the peel extract of jabara (Citrus jabara Hort. ex Tanaka). Flav. Fragr. J. 26:396-402. Note: as Citrus ujukitsu
Materialsessential oilsused in perfumeryLeung, A. Y. & S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2 286. Note: as Citrus ×paradisi
Medicinesfolklore Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs Note: as Citrus ×paradisi
Medicinesfolklore McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland. Note: as Citrus ×paradisi
Vertebrate poisonsmammals Kingsbury, J. M. 1964. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada. Note: as Citrus ×paradisi
Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2026. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://npgstest.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=488416. Accessed 15 April 2026.