Taxon: Viola adunca Sm.

Summary

Genus:

Viola

Family:

Violaceae

Subfamily:

Violoideae

Tribe:

Violeae

Nomen number:

430434

Place of publication:

A. Rees, Cycl. 37: Viola no. 63. 1817

Verified:

02/03/2003 ARS Systematic Botanists.

Accessions:

4 (3 active, 0 available) in National Plant Germplasm System. (Map it)

Other conspecific taxa

Viola adunca Sm. var. adunca (0 active accession[s])
Viola adunca Sm. var. cascadensis (M. S. Baker) C. L. Hitchc. (0 active accession[s])
Viola adunca Sm. var. uncinulata (Greene) C. L. Hitchc. (0 active accession[s])

Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations

No images

Conservation Status

Reference(s)

APHIS. Agricultural Risk Management System United States Department of Agriculture.
Cody, W. J. 1996. Flora of the Yukon Territory.
Gleason, H. A. & A. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada, ed. 2
Hickman, J. C., ed. 1993. The Jepson manual: higher plants of California
Hitchcock, C. L. et al. 1955-1969. Vascular plants of the Pacific Northwest.
Holmgren, N. H. 1992. Two new species of Viola (Violaceae from the intermountain west, USA. Brittonia 44:304.
Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening
Kearney, T. H. & R. H. Peebles. 1969. Arizona flora, ed. 2.
Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada
Magee, D. W. & H. E. Ahles. 1999. Flora of the Northeast. A manual of the vascular flora of New England and adjacent New York.
McGregor, R. L. et al. (The Great Plains Flora Association). 1986. Flora of the Great Plains.
Moss, E. H. & J. G. Packer. 1983. Flora of Alberta, ed. 2.
Russell, N. H. 1965. Violets (Viola) of central and eastern United States: An introductory survey. Sida 2:8.
Scoggan, H. J. 1978-1979. The flora of Canada, 4 vol.
Voss, E. 1972-. Michigan flora.
Welsh, S. L. et al. 1993. A Utah flora. Note: lists as Viola adunca Sm. ex Rees
Welsh, S. L. 1974. Anderson's flora of Alaska and adjacent parts of Canada. Note: lists as Viola adunca Sm. ex Rees

Common names

Language	Name	seq	Citation
English	blue violet	1	Welsh, S. L. et al. 1993. A Utah flora. Note: lists as Viola adunca Sm. ex Rees
English	early-blue violet	1	Moss, E. H. & J. G. Packer. 1983. Flora of Alberta, ed. 2.
English	hook-spur violet	1	Cody, W. J. 1996. Flora of the Yukon Territory.
English	sand violet	1	Voss, E. 1972-. Michigan flora.
English	western dog violet	1	Hickman, J. C., ed. 1993. The Jepson manual: higher plants of California

Distribution

order_code	Status	Continent	Subcontinent	Country	State	Reference
1	Native	Northern America	Eastern Canada	Canada	New Brunswick	Scoggan, H. J. 1978-1979. The flora of Canada, 4 vol.
1	Native	Northern America	Eastern Canada	Canada	Newfoundland and Labrador	Scoggan, H. J. 1978-1979. The flora of Canada, 4 vol.
1	Native	Northern America	Eastern Canada	Canada	Ontario	Scoggan, H. J. 1978-1979. The flora of Canada, 4 vol.
1	Native	Northern America	Eastern Canada	Canada	Québec	Scoggan, H. J. 1978-1979. The flora of Canada, 4 vol.
1	Native	Northern America	North-Central U.S.A.	United States	Minnesota
1	Native	Northern America	North-Central U.S.A.	United States	North Dakota	McGregor, R. L. et al. (The Great Plains Flora Association). 1986. Flora of the Great Plains.
1	Native	Northern America	North-Central U.S.A.	United States	South Dakota	McGregor, R. L. et al. (The Great Plains Flora Association). 1986. Flora of the Great Plains.
1	Native	Northern America	North-Central U.S.A.	United States	Wisconsin
1	Native	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	Maine	Magee, D. W. & H. E. Ahles. 1999. Flora of the Northeast. A manual of the vascular flora of New England and adjacent New York.
1	Native	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	Massachusetts	Magee, D. W. & H. E. Ahles. 1999. Flora of the Northeast. A manual of the vascular flora of New England and adjacent New York.
1	Native	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	Michigan	Voss, E. 1972-. Michigan flora.
1	Native	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	New Hampshire	Magee, D. W. & H. E. Ahles. 1999. Flora of the Northeast. A manual of the vascular flora of New England and adjacent New York.
1	Native	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	New York
1	Native	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	Vermont	Magee, D. W. & H. E. Ahles. 1999. Flora of the Northeast. A manual of the vascular flora of New England and adjacent New York.
1	Native	Northern America	Northwestern U.S.A.	United States	Colorado
1	Native	Northern America	Northwestern U.S.A.	United States	Idaho	Hitchcock, C. L. et al. 1955-1969. Vascular plants of the Pacific Northwest.
1	Native	Northern America	Northwestern U.S.A.	United States	Montana
1	Native	Northern America	Northwestern U.S.A.	United States	Oregon	Hitchcock, C. L. et al. 1955-1969. Vascular plants of the Pacific Northwest.
1	Native	Northern America	Northwestern U.S.A.	United States	Washington	Hitchcock, C. L. et al. 1955-1969. Vascular plants of the Pacific Northwest.
1	Native	Northern America	Northwestern U.S.A.	United States	Wyoming
1	Native	Northern America	Southwestern U.S.A.	United States	California	Hickman, J. C., ed. 1993. The Jepson manual: higher plants of California
1	Native	Northern America	Subarctic America	Canada	Northwest Territories	Scoggan, H. J. 1978-1979. The flora of Canada, 4 vol.
1	Native	Northern America	Subarctic America	Canada	Yukon	Cody, W. J. 1996. Flora of the Yukon Territory.
1	Native	Northern America	Subarctic America	Greenland
1	Native	Northern America	Subarctic America	United States	Alaska	Welsh, S. L. 1974. Anderson's flora of Alaska and adjacent parts of Canada. Note: lists as Viola adunca Sm. ex Rees
1	Native	Northern America	Western Canada	Canada	Alberta	Moss, E. H. & J. G. Packer. 1983. Flora of Alberta, ed. 2.
1	Native	Northern America	Western Canada	Canada	British Columbia	Scoggan, H. J. 1978-1979. The flora of Canada, 4 vol.
1	Native	Northern America	Western Canada	Canada	Manitoba	Scoggan, H. J. 1978-1979. The flora of Canada, 4 vol.
1	Native	Northern America	Western Canada	Canada	Saskatchewan	Scoggan, H. J. 1978-1979. The flora of Canada, 4 vol.

Native
Northern America

SUBARCTIC AMERICA: Canada [Northwest Territories, Yukon], Greenland, United States [Alaska]
EASTERN CANADA: Canada [Québec, Ontario, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador]
WESTERN CANADA: Canada [Saskatchewan, Alberta, Manitoba, British Columbia]
NORTHEASTERN U.S.A.: United States [Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New York, Vermont]
NORTH-CENTRAL U.S.A.: United States [Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wisconsin]
NORTHWESTERN U.S.A.: United States [Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming]
SOUTHWESTERN U.S.A.: United States [California]

Reference(s)

Cody, W. J. 1996. Flora of the Yukon Territory.
Hickman, J. C., ed. 1993. The Jepson manual: higher plants of California
Hitchcock, C. L. et al. 1955-1969. Vascular plants of the Pacific Northwest.
Magee, D. W. & H. E. Ahles. 1999. Flora of the Northeast. A manual of the vascular flora of New England and adjacent New York.
McGregor, R. L. et al. (The Great Plains Flora Association). 1986. Flora of the Great Plains.
Moss, E. H. & J. G. Packer. 1983. Flora of Alberta, ed. 2.
Scoggan, H. J. 1978-1979. The flora of Canada, 4 vol.
Voss, E. 1972-. Michigan flora.
Welsh, S. L. 1974. Anderson's flora of Alaska and adjacent parts of Canada. Note: lists as Viola adunca Sm. ex Rees

Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2026. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://npgstest.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=430434. Accessed 20 April 2026.