Taxon: Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.

Summary

Genus:

Ziziphus

Family:

Rhamnaceae

Tribe:

Paliureae

Nomen number:

42285

Place of publication:

Encycl. 3:319. 1789

Verified:

08/19/2010 ARS Systematic Botanists.

Accessions:

90 (6 active, 4 available) in National Plant Germplasm System. (Map it)

Other conspecific taxa

Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations

Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Rhamnus jujuba L.
Ziziphus jujuba (L.) Gaertn.

No images

Conservation Status

Reference(s)

Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & M. T. Strong. 2012. Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 98
Adams, C. 1972. Flowering plants of Jamaica
Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
APHIS. Agricultural Risk Management System United States Department of Agriculture.
Aubréville, A. et al., eds. 1963-. Flore du Cameroun.
Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959-. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae.
Cufodontis, G. 1953-1972. Enumeratio plantarum aethiopiae: Spermatophyta.
Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
Erhardt, W. et al. 2008. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen 1824.
Exell, A. W. et al., eds. 1960-. Flora zambesiaca.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
Funk, V. et al. 2007. Checklist of the plants of the Guiana Shield (Venezuela: Amazonas, Bolivar, Delta Amacuro; Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana). Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 55:1-584.
Grierson, A. J. C. & D. J. Long. 1984-. Flora of Bhutan including a record of plants from Sikkim.
Hara, H. et al. 1978-1982. An enumeration of the flowering plants of Nepal.
Hedberg, I. & S. Edwards. 1989-. Flora of Ethiopia Note: Eritrea added in 2000
Hiwale, S. 2015. Chapter 4. Ber (Zizyphus mauritiana Lamk.). Sustainable horticulture in semiarid dry lands Springer, India., New Delhi. 23-41.
Hokche, O. et al. 2008. Nuevo catálogo de la flora vascular de Venezuela.
Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening
Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
Jardin botanique national de Belgique. 1967-. Flore du Congo, du Rwanda et du Burundi (Flore d'Afrique centrale).
Kala, C. P. et al. 2004. Prioritization of medicinal plants on the basis of available knowledge, existing practices and use value status in Uttaranchal, India. Biodivers. & Conservation 13:459.
Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
Kellermann, J. 2011. Review of Rhamnaceae data for World Economic Plants, ed. 2. pers. comm.
Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada
Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2
Matthew, K. M. 1983. The flora of the Tamilnadu Carnatic.
Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970-. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
National Academy of Sciences. 1980. Firewood crops. Shrub and tree species for energy production
Norton, J. et al. 2009. Illustrated checklist of the flora of Qatar.
Parsons, W. T. & E. G. Cuthbertson. 1992. Noxious weeds of Australia Inkata Press, Melbourne, Australia.
Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
Press, J. R. et al. 2000-. Annotated checklist of the flowering plants of Nepal (on-line resource)
Quézel, P. & S. Santa. 1962-1963. Nouvelle flore de l'Algerie.
Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963-. Flora iranica.
Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Sharma, B. D. et al., eds. 1993-. Flora of India.
Smith, A. C. 1979-1991. Flora vitiensis nova.
Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966-. Flora of Iraq.
Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952-. Flora of tropical East Africa.
Uphof, J. C. T. 1968. Dictionary of economic plants, ed. 2.
Verheij, E. W. M. & R. E. Coronel, eds. 1991. Edible fruits and nuts. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 2:310.
Walker, E. 1976. Flora of Okinawa and the southern Ryukyu Islands.
Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds
Woodson, R. E. & R. W. Schery, eds. 1943-1980. Flora of Panama.
Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
Wunderlin, R. & B. Hansen. Atlas of Florida vascular plants (on-line resource).

Common names

Language	Name	Alternate name	seq	Citation
English	Chinese-apple		1	Kellermann, J. 2011. Review of Rhamnaceae data for World Economic Plants, ed. 2. pers. comm.
English	Chinese-date		1	National Academy of Sciences. 1980. Firewood crops. Shrub and tree species for energy production
English	common jujube		1	Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
English	cottony jujube		1	Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening
English	Indian jujube		1	Wiersema, J. H. & B. León. 1999. World economic plants: a standard reference CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
English	Indian-cherry		1	National Academy of Sciences. 1980. Firewood crops. Shrub and tree species for energy production
English	Indian-plum		1	National Academy of Sciences. 1980. Firewood crops. Shrub and tree species for energy production
Arabic	nabaq		2	Norton, J. et al. 2009. Illustrated checklist of the flora of Qatar.
Arabic	sidr		2	Norton, J. et al. 2009. Illustrated checklist of the flora of Qatar.
Chinese	dian ci zao	滇刺枣	2	Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
French	jujubier		2	National Academy of Sciences. 1980. Firewood crops. Shrub and tree species for energy production
German	filzblättrige Jujube		2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
India	ber		2	Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963-. Flora iranica.
Spanish	azufaifo africano		2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Swedish	indisk jujuber		2	Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
Transliterated Arabic	beri		2	National Academy of Sciences. 1980. Firewood crops. Shrub and tree species for energy production
Transliterated Arabic	bor		2	National Academy of Sciences. 1980. Firewood crops. Shrub and tree species for energy production
Transliterated Arabic	nabbak-el-fil		2	National Academy of Sciences. 1980. Firewood crops. Shrub and tree species for energy production

Distribution

order_code	Status	Continent	Subcontinent	Country	State	Note	Reference
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Guangdong Sheng		Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu		Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Sichuan Sheng		Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Yunnan Sheng		Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	Bhutan			Grierson, A. J. C. & D. J. Long. 1984-. Flora of Bhutan including a record of plants from Sikkim.
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	India		possibly native	Sharma, B. D. et al., eds. 1993-. Flora of India.
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	Nepal			Press, J. R. et al. 2000-. Annotated checklist of the flowering plants of Nepal (on-line resource)
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indo-China	Myanmar		possibly native	Verheij, E. W. M. & R. E. Coronel, eds. 1991. Edible fruits and nuts. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 2:310.
2	Cultivated					widely cult.	Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
4	Naturalized	Africa	Macaronesia	Cabo Verde			Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds
4	Naturalized	Africa	Northeast Tropical Africa	Ethiopia			Hedberg, I. & S. Edwards. 1989-. Flora of Ethiopia Note: Eritrea added in 2000
4	Naturalized	Africa	South Tropical Africa	Malawi			Exell, A. W. et al., eds. 1960-. Flora zambesiaca.
4	Naturalized	Africa	South Tropical Africa	Mozambique			Exell, A. W. et al., eds. 1960-. Flora zambesiaca.
4	Naturalized	Africa	South Tropical Africa	Zambia			Exell, A. W. et al., eds. 1960-. Flora zambesiaca.
4	Naturalized	Africa	South Tropical Africa	Zimbabwe			Exell, A. W. et al., eds. 1960-. Flora zambesiaca.
4	Naturalized	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Côte D'Ivoire			Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
4	Naturalized	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Gambia			Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
4	Naturalized	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Ghana			Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
4	Naturalized	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Guinea			Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
4	Naturalized	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Mali			Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
4	Naturalized	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Nigeria			Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
4	Naturalized	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Senegal			Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
4	Naturalized	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Sierra Leone			Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
4	Naturalized	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Togo			Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
4	Naturalized	Africa	West-Central Tropical Africa	Cameroon			Aubréville, A. et al., eds. 1963-. Flore du Cameroun.
4	Naturalized	Africa	West-Central Tropical Africa	Democratic Republic of the Congo			Jardin botanique national de Belgique. 1967-. Flore du Congo, du Rwanda et du Burundi (Flore d'Afrique centrale).
4	Naturalized	Africa	Western Indian Ocean	Reunion			Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Indo-China	Thailand			Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Indo-China	Vietnam			Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
4	Naturalized	Australasia	Australia	Australia			Parsons, W. T. & E. G. Cuthbertson. 1992. Noxious weeds of Australia Inkata Press, Melbourne, Australia.
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Florida		Wunderlin, R. & B. Hansen. Atlas of Florida vascular plants (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Pacific	North-Central Pacific	United States	Hawaii		Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Pacific	Southwestern Pacific	Fiji			Smith, A. C. 1979-1991. Flora vitiensis nova.
4	Naturalized	Pacific	Southwestern Pacific	Kiribati	Gilbert Islands		Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Caribbean	West Indies			Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & M. T. Strong. 2012. Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 98
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Northern South America	French Guiana			Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Northern South America	Guyana			Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Northern South America	Suriname			Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Northern South America	Venezuela			Hokche, O. et al. 2008. Nuevo catálogo de la flora vascular de Venezuela.

Native
Asia-Temperate

CHINA: China [Guangdong Sheng, Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu, Sichuan Sheng, Yunnan Sheng]

Asia-Tropical

INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: Bhutan, India (possibly native), Nepal
INDO-CHINA: Myanmar (possibly native)

Cultivated (widely cult.)
Naturalized
Africa

MACARONESIA: Cabo Verde
NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Ethiopia
WEST-CENTRAL TROPICAL AFRICA: Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo
WEST TROPICAL AFRICA: Côte D'Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea, Gambia, Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo
SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA: Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe
WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN: Reunion

Asia-Tropical

INDO-CHINA: Thailand, Vietnam

Australasia

AUSTRALIA: Australia

Northern America

SOUTHEASTERN U.S.A.: United States [Florida]

Pacific

NORTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC: United States [Hawaii]
SOUTHWESTERN PACIFIC: Fiji, Kiribati [Gilbert Islands]

Southern America

CARIBBEAN: West Indies
NORTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela

Reference(s)

Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & M. T. Strong. 2012. Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 98
Aubréville, A. et al., eds. 1963-. Flore du Cameroun.
Exell, A. W. et al., eds. 1960-. Flora zambesiaca.
Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
Grierson, A. J. C. & D. J. Long. 1984-. Flora of Bhutan including a record of plants from Sikkim.
Hedberg, I. & S. Edwards. 1989-. Flora of Ethiopia Note: Eritrea added in 2000
Hokche, O. et al. 2008. Nuevo catálogo de la flora vascular de Venezuela.
Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
Jardin botanique national de Belgique. 1967-. Flore du Congo, du Rwanda et du Burundi (Flore d'Afrique centrale).
Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
Parsons, W. T. & E. G. Cuthbertson. 1992. Noxious weeds of Australia Inkata Press, Melbourne, Australia.
Press, J. R. et al. 2000-. Annotated checklist of the flowering plants of Nepal (on-line resource)
Sharma, B. D. et al., eds. 1993-. Flora of India.
Smith, A. C. 1979-1991. Flora vitiensis nova.
Verheij, E. W. M. & R. E. Coronel, eds. 1991. Edible fruits and nuts. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 2:310.
Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds
Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
Wunderlin, R. & B. Hansen. Atlas of Florida vascular plants (on-line resource).

Economic Uses

Usage	Type	Note	Reference
Environmental	ornamental		Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds
Fuels	fuelwood		National Academy of Sciences. 1980. Firewood crops. Shrub and tree species for energy production
Human food	fruit		Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966-. Flora of Iraq.
Human food	fruit		Uphof, J. C. T. 1968. Dictionary of economic plants, ed. 2.
Human food	fruit		Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds
Invertebrate food	lac insects		National Academy of Sciences. 1980. Firewood crops. Shrub and tree species for energy production
Materials	wood		National Academy of Sciences. 1980. Firewood crops. Shrub and tree species for energy production
Medicines	folklore		Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
Medicines	folklore		Kala, C. P. et al. 2004. Prioritization of medicinal plants on the basis of available knowledge, existing practices and use value status in Uttaranchal, India. Biodivers. & Conservation 13:459.
Weed			Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds
Weed		in Australia	Parsons, W. T. & E. G. Cuthbertson. 1992. Noxious weeds of Australia Inkata Press, Melbourne, Australia.

Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2026. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://npgstest.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=42285. Accessed 12 May 2026.