Taxon: Urena lobata L.

Summary

Genus:

Urena

Family:

Malvaceae

Subfamily:

Malvoideae

Tribe:

Hibisceae

Nomen number:

40900

Place of publication:

Sp. pl. 2:692. 1753

Typification:

View in Linnean Typification Project

Verified:

03/31/1999 ARS Systematic Botanists.

Accessions:

28 (12 active, 10 available) in National Plant Germplasm System. (Map it)

Other conspecific taxa

Urena lobata L. var. chinensis (Osbeck) S. Y. Hu (0 active accession[s])
Urena lobata L. var. lobata (0 active accession[s])

Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations

Images (1 total. Click on image for more.)

Conservation Status

Reference(s)

University of Georgia Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health
Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & M. T. Strong. Flora of the West Indies (on-line resource).
Adams, C. 1972. Flowering plants of Jamaica
Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
APHIS. Agricultural Risk Management System United States Department of Agriculture.
Borssum Waalkes, J. v. 1966. Malesian Malvaceae revised. Blumea 14:138-145.
Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. 1993. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45
Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & South African National Biodiversity Institute. African flowering plants database (on-line resource).
Davidse, G. et al., eds. 1994. Flora mesoamericana.
Edições Melhoramentes. 1979. The new Michaelis illustrated dictionary (Novo Michaelis dicionário ilustrado), ed. 22/24 Note: re. Portuguese (Brazil) common names
Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
Funk, V. et al. 2007. Checklist of the plants of the Guiana Shield (Venezuela: Amazonas, Bolivar, Delta Amacuro; Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana). Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 55:1-584.
Godfrey, R. K. & J. W. Wooten. 1979-1981. Aquatic and wetland plants of southeastern United States, 2 vol.
Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
Hnatiuk, R. J. 1990. Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series No. 11.
Holm, L. et al. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds
Howard, R. 1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles. 5:258.
Humbert, J.-H., ed. 1936-. Flore de Madagascar et des Comores.
Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares.
Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez, eds. 1999. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75
Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
Mabberley, D. J. 1997. The plant-book: a portable dictionary of the vascular plants, ed. 2
Macbride, J. F. et al., eds. 1936-. Flora of Peru Note: 1936-1971; new ser. 1980-
Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970-. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
Oyen, L. P. A. & Nguyen Xuan Dung, eds. 1999. Essential-oil plants. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 19:153. Note: mentions
Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Seed Regulatory and Testing Division, Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S.D.A. State noxious-weed seed requirements recognized in the administration of the Federal Seed Act (updated annually).
Terrell, E. E. et al. 1986. Agricultural Handbook no. 505
Woodson, R. E. & R. W. Schery, eds. 1943-1980. Flora of Panama.
Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
Wunderlin, R. P. 1998. Guide to the vascular plants of Florida

Common names

Language	Name	Alternate name	seq	Citation
English	aramina-plant		1	Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
English	bur-mallow		1	Terrell, E. E. et al. 1986. Agricultural Handbook no. 505
English	Caesarweed		1	Terrell, E. E. et al. 1986. Agricultural Handbook no. 505
English	Congo-jute		1	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
English	pipiri		1	Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
English	urena-weed		1	Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
Chinese	di tao hua	地桃花	2	Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
French	cousin urène		2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
German	Kongojute		2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
India	paka		2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Portuguese	guaxima		2	Edições Melhoramentes. 1979. The new Michaelis illustrated dictionary (Novo Michaelis dicionário ilustrado), ed. 22/24 Note: re. Portuguese (Brazil) common names
Portuguese	uaicima		2	Edições Melhoramentes. 1979. The new Michaelis illustrated dictionary (Novo Michaelis dicionário ilustrado), ed. 22/24 Note: re. Portuguese (Brazil) common names
Portuguese (Brazil)	aguaxima		2	Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
Portuguese (Brazil)	carrapicho-de-lavadeira		2	Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
Portuguese (Brazil)	carrapicho-redondo		2	Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
Portuguese (Brazil)	embira		2	Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
Portuguese (Brazil)	guaxima-rósea		2	Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
Portuguese (Brazil)	malva-de-embira		2	Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
Portuguese (Brazil)	malvaísco		2	Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
Portuguese (Brazil)	malva-rósea		2	Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
Spanish	aramina		2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Spanish	cadillo		2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Spanish	malva blanca		2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Swedish	aramina		2	Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)

Distribution

order_code	Status	Continent	Subcontinent	Country	State	Note	Reference
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Anhui Sheng		Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Fujian Sheng		Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Guangdong Sheng		Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu		Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Guizhou Sheng		Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Hainan Sheng		Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Hubei Sheng		Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Hunan Sheng		Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Jiangsu Sheng		Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Jiangxi Sheng		Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Sichuan Sheng		Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Xizang Zizhiqu		Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Yunnan Sheng		Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Zhejiang Sheng		Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Eastern Asia	Japan			Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Eastern Asia	Taiwan			Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	Bangladesh			Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	Bhutan			Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	India			Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	Nepal			Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	Pakistan			Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970-. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indo-China	Cambodia			Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indo-China	Laos			Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indo-China	Myanmar			Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indo-China	Thailand			Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indo-China	Vietnam			Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Malesia	Brunei Darussalam			Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Malesia	Indonesia			Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Malesia	Philippines			Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Papuasia	New Guinea			Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
1	Native	Australasia	Australia	Australia	New South Wales		Hnatiuk, R. J. 1990. Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series No. 11.
1	Native	Australasia	Australia	Australia	Northern Territory		Hnatiuk, R. J. 1990. Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series No. 11.
1	Native	Australasia	Australia	Australia	Queensland		Hnatiuk, R. J. 1990. Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series No. 11.
1	Native	Australasia	Australia	Australia	Western Australia		Hnatiuk, R. J. 1990. Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series No. 11.
1	Native	Southern America	Brazil	Brazil			Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares.
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Bahamas			Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & M. T. Strong. Flora of the West Indies (on-line resource).
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Cuba			Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & M. T. Strong. Flora of the West Indies (on-line resource).
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Hispaniola			Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & M. T. Strong. Flora of the West Indies (on-line resource).
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Jamaica			Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & M. T. Strong. Flora of the West Indies (on-line resource).
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	United States	Puerto Rico		Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & M. T. Strong. Flora of the West Indies (on-line resource).
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	United States	Virgin Islands, U.S.		Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & M. T. Strong. Flora of the West Indies (on-line resource).
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Virgin Islands (British)			Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & M. T. Strong. Flora of the West Indies (on-line resource).
1	Native	Southern America	Central America	Belize			Davidse, G. et al., eds. 1994. Flora mesoamericana.
1	Native	Southern America	Central America	Costa Rica			Davidse, G. et al., eds. 1994. Flora mesoamericana.
1	Native	Southern America	Central America	Nicaragua			Davidse, G. et al., eds. 1994. Flora mesoamericana.
1	Native	Southern America	Central America	Panama			Davidse, G. et al., eds. 1994. Flora mesoamericana.
1	Native	Southern America	Northern South America	French Guiana			Funk, V. et al. 2007. Checklist of the plants of the Guiana Shield (Venezuela: Amazonas, Bolivar, Delta Amacuro; Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana). Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 55:1-584.
1	Native	Southern America	Northern South America	Guyana			Funk, V. et al. 2007. Checklist of the plants of the Guiana Shield (Venezuela: Amazonas, Bolivar, Delta Amacuro; Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana). Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 55:1-584.
1	Native	Southern America	Northern South America	Suriname			Funk, V. et al. 2007. Checklist of the plants of the Guiana Shield (Venezuela: Amazonas, Bolivar, Delta Amacuro; Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana). Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 55:1-584.
1	Native	Southern America	Northern South America	Venezuela			Funk, V. et al. 2007. Checklist of the plants of the Guiana Shield (Venezuela: Amazonas, Bolivar, Delta Amacuro; Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana). Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 55:1-584.
1	Native	Southern America	Southern South America	Paraguay			Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares.
1	Native	Southern America	Western South America	Ecuador			Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez, eds. 1999. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75
1	Native	Southern America	Western South America	Peru			Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. 1993. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45
2	Cultivated					also cult.	Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970-. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
4	Naturalized	Africa	East Tropical Africa	Tanzania			Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & South African National Biodiversity Institute. African flowering plants database (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	East Tropical Africa	Uganda			Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & South African National Biodiversity Institute. African flowering plants database (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	Northeast Tropical Africa	Chad			Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & South African National Biodiversity Institute. African flowering plants database (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	Northeast Tropical Africa	Ethiopia			Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & South African National Biodiversity Institute. African flowering plants database (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	Northeast Tropical Africa	Sudan			Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & South African National Biodiversity Institute. African flowering plants database (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	South Tropical Africa	Angola			Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & South African National Biodiversity Institute. African flowering plants database (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	South Tropical Africa	Malawi			Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & South African National Biodiversity Institute. African flowering plants database (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	South Tropical Africa	Mozambique			Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & South African National Biodiversity Institute. African flowering plants database (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	South Tropical Africa	Zambia			Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & South African National Biodiversity Institute. African flowering plants database (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	South Tropical Africa	Zimbabwe			Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & South African National Biodiversity Institute. African flowering plants database (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Burkina Faso			Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & South African National Biodiversity Institute. African flowering plants database (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Gambia			Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & South African National Biodiversity Institute. African flowering plants database (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Ghana			Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & South African National Biodiversity Institute. African flowering plants database (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Guinea			Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & South African National Biodiversity Institute. African flowering plants database (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Liberia			Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & South African National Biodiversity Institute. African flowering plants database (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Mali			Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & South African National Biodiversity Institute. African flowering plants database (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Niger			Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & South African National Biodiversity Institute. African flowering plants database (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Nigeria			Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & South African National Biodiversity Institute. African flowering plants database (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Senegal			Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & South African National Biodiversity Institute. African flowering plants database (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Sierra Leone			Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & South African National Biodiversity Institute. African flowering plants database (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Togo			Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
4	Naturalized	Africa	West-Central Tropical Africa	Burundi			Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & South African National Biodiversity Institute. African flowering plants database (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	West-Central Tropical Africa	Cameroon			Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & South African National Biodiversity Institute. African flowering plants database (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	West-Central Tropical Africa	Central African Republic			Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & South African National Biodiversity Institute. African flowering plants database (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	West-Central Tropical Africa	Congo			Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & South African National Biodiversity Institute. African flowering plants database (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	West-Central Tropical Africa	Democratic Republic of the Congo			Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & South African National Biodiversity Institute. African flowering plants database (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	West-Central Tropical Africa	Rwanda			Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & South African National Biodiversity Institute. African flowering plants database (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	Western Indian Ocean	Reunion			Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Papuasia	Solomon Islands			Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Florida		Godfrey, R. K. & J. W. Wooten. 1979-1981. Aquatic and wetland plants of southeastern United States, 2 vol.
4	Naturalized	Pacific	North-Central Pacific	United States	Hawaii		Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Pacific	Northwestern Pacific	Micronesia			Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Pacific	Northwestern Pacific	Palau			Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Pacific	Northwestern Pacific	United States	Guam		Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Pacific	Northwestern Pacific	United States	Northern Mariana Islands		Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Pacific	South-Central Pacific	Cook Islands			Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Pacific	South-Central Pacific	French Polynesia	Gambier Islands		Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Pacific	South-Central Pacific	French Polynesia	Marquesas Islands		Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Pacific	South-Central Pacific	French Polynesia	Society Islands		Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Pacific	Southwestern Pacific	Fiji			Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Pacific	Southwestern Pacific	New Caledonia			Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Pacific	Southwestern Pacific	Samoa			Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Pacific	Southwestern Pacific	Tonga			Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Western South America	Ecuador	Galápagos		Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
6	Other					exact native range obscure

Native
Asia-Temperate

CHINA: China [Anhui Sheng, Fujian Sheng, Guangdong Sheng, Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu, Guizhou Sheng, Hainan Sheng, Hubei Sheng, Hunan Sheng, Jiangsu Sheng, Jiangxi Sheng, Sichuan Sheng, Xizang Zizhiqu, Yunnan Sheng, Zhejiang Sheng]
EASTERN ASIA: Japan, Taiwan

Asia-Tropical

INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan
PAPUASIA: New Guinea
INDO-CHINA: Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam
MALESIA: Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Philippines

Australasia

AUSTRALIA: Australia [New South Wales, Queensland, Western Australia, Northern Territory]

Southern America

CARIBBEAN: Hispaniola, Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica, United States [Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, U.S.], Virgin Islands (British)
CENTRAL AMERICA: Belize, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama
NORTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela
BRAZIL: Brazil
WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA: Ecuador, Peru
SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Paraguay

Cultivated (also cult.)
Naturalized
Africa

NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Ethiopia, Sudan, Chad
EAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Tanzania, Uganda
WEST-CENTRAL TROPICAL AFRICA: Burundi, Central African Republic, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Congo, Rwanda
WEST TROPICAL AFRICA: Burkina Faso, Ghana, Guinea, Gambia, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo
SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA: Angola, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe
WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN: Reunion

Asia-Tropical

PAPUASIA: Solomon Islands

Northern America

SOUTHEASTERN U.S.A.: United States [Florida]

Pacific

NORTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC: United States [Hawaii]
NORTHWESTERN PACIFIC: Micronesia, Palau, United States [Guam, Northern Mariana Islands]
SOUTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC: Cook Islands, French Polynesia [Gambier Islands, Marquesas Islands, Society Islands]
SOUTHWESTERN PACIFIC: Fiji, New Caledonia, Tonga, Samoa

Southern America

WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA: Ecuador [Galápagos]

Other (exact native range obscure)

Reference(s)

Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & M. T. Strong. Flora of the West Indies (on-line resource).
Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. 1993. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45
Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & South African National Biodiversity Institute. African flowering plants database (on-line resource).
Davidse, G. et al., eds. 1994. Flora mesoamericana.
Funk, V. et al. 2007. Checklist of the plants of the Guiana Shield (Venezuela: Amazonas, Bolivar, Delta Amacuro; Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana). Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 55:1-584.
Godfrey, R. K. & J. W. Wooten. 1979-1981. Aquatic and wetland plants of southeastern United States, 2 vol.
Hnatiuk, R. J. 1990. Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series No. 11.
Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares.
Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez, eds. 1999. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75
Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970-. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).

Economic Uses

Usage	Type	Note	Reference
Materials	essential oils	source of patchouli oil	Oyen, L. P. A. & Nguyen Xuan Dung, eds. 1999. Essential-oil plants. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 19:153. Note: mentions
Materials	fiber		Mabberley, D. J. 1997. The plant-book: a portable dictionary of the vascular plants, ed. 2
Weed	seed contaminant	potential	Holm, L. et al. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds

Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2026. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://npgstest.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=40900. Accessed 12 May 2026.