Taxon: Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl

Summary

Genus:

Stachytarpheta

Family:

Verbenaceae

Nomen number:

403752

Place of publication:

Enum. pl. 1:206. 1804

Verified:

08/10/2011 ARS Systematic Botanists.

Accessions:

0 (0 active, 0 available) in National Plant Germplasm System.

Other conspecific taxa

Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations

Basionym
Verbena jamaicensis L.

Invalid Designation(s)
Stachytarpheta indica auct. nonn.

Images (2 total. Click on image for more.)

Conservation Status

Reference(s)

University of Georgia Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health
Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. et al. 1996. Flora of St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 78:1-581.
Adams, C. 1972. Flowering plants of Jamaica
APHIS. Agricultural Risk Management System United States Department of Agriculture.
Atkins, S. 2005. The genus Stachytarpheta (Verbenaceae) in Brazil. Kew Bull. 60:187.
Balick, M. J. et al. 2000. Checklist of the vascular plants of Belize, with common names and uses. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 85
Bosser, J. M. et al., eds. 1976-. Flores des Mascareignes.
Chen, S.-H. & M.-J. Wu. 2003. Remarks on the species of Stachytarpheta (Verbenaceae) of Taiwan. Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. 44:167-174.
Correll, D. S. & H. B. Correll. 1982. Flora of the Bahama archipelago.
Dassanayake, M. D. & F. R. Fosberg, eds. 1980-. A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon.
Exell, A. W. et al., eds. 1960-. Flora zambesiaca.
Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
Gómez-Pompa, A. & V. Sosa, eds. 1978-. Flora de Veracruz.
Görts-van Rijn, A. R. A., ed. 1986-. Flora of the Guianas.
Hajra, P. K. et al., eds. 1996-. Materials for the flora of Arunachal Pradesh.
Holm, L. et al. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds
Holm, L. et al. 1997. World weeds: natural histories and distribution John Wiley & Sons, New York, New York.
Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
Iwatsuki, K. et al. 1993-. Flora of Japan.
Jardín Botánico Nacional. 1998-. Flora de la República de Cuba
Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez, eds. 1999. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75
León (J. S. Sauget) & Alain (E. E. Liogier). 1946-1969. Flora de Cuba
Liogier, H. A. 1981-. Flora of Hispaniola: Part 1; La Flora de la Española. Part II-.
Liogier, H. A. 1984-. Descriptive flora of Puerto Rico and adjacent islands.
Munir, A. A. 1992. A taxonomic revision of the genus Stachytarpheta Vahl (Verbenaceae) in Australia. J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 14:139-145.
Nelson, C. H. N. 2008. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Honduras Note: Secretaría de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
Parsons, W. T. & E. G. Cuthbertson. 1992. Noxious weeds of Australia Inkata Press, Melbourne, Australia.
Proctor, G. R. 1984. Flora of the Cayman Islands. Kew Bulletin Additional Series XI.
Singh, N. P. et al., eds. 2001-2002. Flora of Maharashtra state.
Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark. 1946-1976. Flora of Guatemala.
Stevens, W. D. et al., eds. 2001. Flora de Nicaragua. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 85(1-3).
Steyermark, J. A. et al., eds. 1995-. Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana. Note: Missouri Botanical Garden & Timber Press
Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952-. Flora of tropical East Africa.
Verma, D. M. et al. (vol. 1); V. Mudgal et al. (vol. 2). 1993-. Flora Madhya Pradesh.
Wilson, S. B. et al. 2009. Seed production and viability of eight porterweed selections grown in northern and southern Florida. HortScience 44:1842-1849.
Woodson, R. E. & R. W. Schery, eds. 1943-1980. Flora of Panama.
Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
Wunderlin, R. P. 1982. Guide to the vascular plants of central Florida

Common names

Language	Name	note	seq	Citation
English	bastard-vervain		1	Parsons, W. T. & E. G. Cuthbertson. 1992. Noxious weeds of Australia Inkata Press, Melbourne, Australia.
English	blue porterweed		1	Munir, A. A. 1992. A taxonomic revision of the genus Stachytarpheta Vahl (Verbenaceae) in Australia. J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 14:139-145.
English	blue snakeweed		1	Munir, A. A. 1992. A taxonomic revision of the genus Stachytarpheta Vahl (Verbenaceae) in Australia. J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 14:139-145.
English	Brazilian-tea		1	Parsons, W. T. & E. G. Cuthbertson. 1992. Noxious weeds of Australia Inkata Press, Melbourne, Australia.
English	Indian snakeweed		1	Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
English	Jamaican porterweed		1	Wilson, S. B. et al. 2009. Seed production and viability of eight porterweed selections grown in northern and southern Florida. HortScience 44:1842-1849.
English	Jamaican snakeweed		1	Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
English	Jamaica-vervain		1	Parsons, W. T. & E. G. Cuthbertson. 1992. Noxious weeds of Australia Inkata Press, Melbourne, Australia.
English	light-blue snakeweed		1	Parsons, W. T. & E. G. Cuthbertson. 1992. Noxious weeds of Australia Inkata Press, Melbourne, Australia.
English	pale blue snakeweed		1	Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
Spanish	verbena azul		2	Munir, A. A. 1992. A taxonomic revision of the genus Stachytarpheta Vahl (Verbenaceae) in Australia. J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 14:139-145.
Spanish	verbena mansa	as "manza"	2	Munir, A. A. 1992. A taxonomic revision of the genus Stachytarpheta Vahl (Verbenaceae) in Australia. J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 14:139-145.

Distribution

order_code	Status	Continent	Subcontinent	Country	State	Note	Reference
1	Native	Northern America	Northern Mexico	Mexico	Tamaulipas		Gómez-Pompa, A. & V. Sosa, eds. 1978-. Flora de Veracruz.
1	Native	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Alabama	s.?	Correll, D. S. & H. B. Correll. 1982. Flora of the Bahama archipelago.
1	Native	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Florida		Wunderlin, R. P. 1982. Guide to the vascular plants of central Florida
1	Native	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Oaxaca		Gómez-Pompa, A. & V. Sosa, eds. 1978-. Flora de Veracruz.
1	Native	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Quintana Roo		Gómez-Pompa, A. & V. Sosa, eds. 1978-. Flora de Veracruz.
1	Native	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Tabasco		Gómez-Pompa, A. & V. Sosa, eds. 1978-. Flora de Veracruz.
1	Native	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave		Gómez-Pompa, A. & V. Sosa, eds. 1978-. Flora de Veracruz.
1	Native	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Yucatán		Gómez-Pompa, A. & V. Sosa, eds. 1978-. Flora de Veracruz.
1	Native	Southern America	Brazil	Brazil	Bahia		Atkins, S. 2005. The genus Stachytarpheta (Verbenaceae) in Brazil. Kew Bull. 60:187.
1	Native	Southern America	Brazil	Brazil	Mato Grosso		Atkins, S. 2005. The genus Stachytarpheta (Verbenaceae) in Brazil. Kew Bull. 60:187.
1	Native	Southern America	Brazil	Brazil	Pará		Atkins, S. 2005. The genus Stachytarpheta (Verbenaceae) in Brazil. Kew Bull. 60:187.
1	Native	Southern America	Brazil	Brazil	Pernambuco		Atkins, S. 2005. The genus Stachytarpheta (Verbenaceae) in Brazil. Kew Bull. 60:187.
1	Native	Southern America	Brazil	Brazil	Roraima		Atkins, S. 2005. The genus Stachytarpheta (Verbenaceae) in Brazil. Kew Bull. 60:187.
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Anguilla			Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Antigua and Barbuda			Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Bahamas			Correll, D. S. & H. B. Correll. 1982. Flora of the Bahama archipelago.
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Barbados			Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Bermuda			Correll, D. S. & H. B. Correll. 1982. Flora of the Bahama archipelago.
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Cayman Islands			Proctor, G. R. 1984. Flora of the Cayman Islands. Kew Bulletin Additional Series XI.
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Cuba			Jardín Botánico Nacional. 1998-. Flora de la República de Cuba
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Dominica			Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Dominican Republic			Liogier, H. A. 1981-. Flora of Hispaniola: Part 1; La Flora de la Española. Part II-.
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Grenada			Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Guadeloupe			Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Haiti			Liogier, H. A. 1981-. Flora of Hispaniola: Part 1; La Flora de la Española. Part II-.
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Jamaica			Adams, C. 1972. Flowering plants of Jamaica
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Martinique			Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Montserrat			Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Netherlands Antilles			Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	St. Kitts and Nevis			Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	St. Lucia			Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	St. Vincent and Grenadines			Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	United States	Puerto Rico		Liogier, H. A. 1984-. Descriptive flora of Puerto Rico and adjacent islands.
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	United States	Virgin Islands, U.S.		Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. et al. 1996. Flora of St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 78:1-581.
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	United States	Virgin Islands, U.S.		Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. et al. 1996. Flora of St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 78:1-581.
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	United States	Virgin Islands, U.S.		Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. et al. 1996. Flora of St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 78:1-581.
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Virgin Islands (British)	Tortola		Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. et al. 1996. Flora of St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 78:1-581.
1	Native	Southern America	Central America	Belize			Balick, M. J. et al. 2000. Checklist of the vascular plants of Belize, with common names and uses. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 85
1	Native	Southern America	Central America	Costa Rica			Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark. 1946-1976. Flora of Guatemala.
1	Native	Southern America	Central America	El Salvador			Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark. 1946-1976. Flora of Guatemala.
1	Native	Southern America	Central America	Guatemala			Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark. 1946-1976. Flora of Guatemala.
1	Native	Southern America	Central America	Honduras			Nelson, C. H. N. 2008. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Honduras Note: Secretaría de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
1	Native	Southern America	Central America	Nicaragua			Stevens, W. D. et al., eds. 2001. Flora de Nicaragua. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 85(1-3).
1	Native	Southern America	Central America	Panama			Woodson, R. E. & R. W. Schery, eds. 1943-1980. Flora of Panama.
1	Native	Southern America	Northern South America	French Guiana			Görts-van Rijn, A. R. A., ed. 1986-. Flora of the Guianas.
1	Native	Southern America	Northern South America	Guyana			Görts-van Rijn, A. R. A., ed. 1986-. Flora of the Guianas.
1	Native	Southern America	Northern South America	Suriname			Görts-van Rijn, A. R. A., ed. 1986-. Flora of the Guianas.
1	Native	Southern America	Northern South America	Venezuela			Steyermark, J. A. et al., eds. 1995-. Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana. Note: Missouri Botanical Garden & Timber Press
1	Native	Southern America	Western South America	Colombia			Steyermark, J. A. et al., eds. 1995-. Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana. Note: Missouri Botanical Garden & Timber Press
1	Native	Southern America	Western South America	Ecuador	Guayas		Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez, eds. 1999. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75
4	Naturalized	Africa	East Tropical Africa	Tanzania			Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952-. Flora of tropical East Africa.
4	Naturalized	Africa	South Tropical Africa	Mozambique			Exell, A. W. et al., eds. 1960-. Flora zambesiaca.
4	Naturalized	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Côte D'Ivoire			Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
4	Naturalized	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Ghana			Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
4	Naturalized	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Liberia			Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
4	Naturalized	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Nigeria			Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
4	Naturalized	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Sierra Leone			Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
4	Naturalized	Africa	West-Central Tropical Africa	Equatorial Guinea			Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
4	Naturalized	Africa	Western Indian Ocean	Madagascar			Munir, A. A. 1992. A taxonomic revision of the genus Stachytarpheta Vahl (Verbenaceae) in Australia. J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 14:139-145.
4	Naturalized	Africa	Western Indian Ocean	Mauritius			Bosser, J. M. et al., eds. 1976-. Flores des Mascareignes.
4	Naturalized	Africa	Western Indian Ocean	Reunion			Bosser, J. M. et al., eds. 1976-. Flores des Mascareignes.
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Fujian Sheng		Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Guangdong Sheng		Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu		Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Hainan Sheng		Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Yunnan Sheng		Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	Eastern Asia	Japan	Ryukyu Islands		Iwatsuki, K. et al. 1993-. Flora of Japan.
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	Eastern Asia	Taiwan			Chen, S.-H. & M.-J. Wu. 2003. Remarks on the species of Stachytarpheta (Verbenaceae) of Taiwan. Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. 44:167-174.
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	India			Singh, N. P. et al., eds. 2001-2002. Flora of Maharashtra state.
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	Sri Lanka			Dassanayake, M. D. & F. R. Fosberg, eds. 1980-. A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon.
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Indo-China	India	Andaman and Nicobar Islands		Munir, A. A. 1992. A taxonomic revision of the genus Stachytarpheta Vahl (Verbenaceae) in Australia. J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 14:139-145.
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Indo-China	Thailand			Munir, A. A. 1992. A taxonomic revision of the genus Stachytarpheta Vahl (Verbenaceae) in Australia. J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 14:139-145.
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Malesia	Indonesia			Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Malesia	Malaysia			Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Malesia	Philippines			Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Papuasia	Papua New Guinea			Munir, A. A. 1992. A taxonomic revision of the genus Stachytarpheta Vahl (Verbenaceae) in Australia. J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 14:139-145.
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Papuasia	Solomon Islands			Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Australasia	Australia	Australia	Northern Territory		Munir, A. A. 1992. A taxonomic revision of the genus Stachytarpheta Vahl (Verbenaceae) in Australia. J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 14:139-145.
4	Naturalized	Australasia	Australia	Australia	Queensland		Munir, A. A. 1992. A taxonomic revision of the genus Stachytarpheta Vahl (Verbenaceae) in Australia. J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 14:139-145.
4	Naturalized	Pacific	North-Central Pacific	United States	Hawaii		Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Pacific	Northwestern Pacific	Marshall Islands			Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Pacific	Northwestern Pacific	Micronesia			Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Pacific	Northwestern Pacific	Palau			Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Pacific	Northwestern Pacific	United States	Guam		Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Pacific	Northwestern Pacific	United States	Northern Mariana Islands		Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Pacific	South-Central Pacific	Cook Islands			Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Pacific	Southwestern Pacific	Kiribati	Gilbert Islands		Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Pacific	Southwestern Pacific	Kiribati	Phoenix Islands		Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Pacific	Southwestern Pacific	New Caledonia			Munir, A. A. 1992. A taxonomic revision of the genus Stachytarpheta Vahl (Verbenaceae) in Australia. J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 14:139-145.
4	Naturalized	Pacific	Southwestern Pacific	Niue			Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Pacific	Southwestern Pacific	Tonga			Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Pacific	Southwestern Pacific	United States	American Samoa		Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).

Native
Northern America

SOUTHEASTERN U.S.A.: United States [Alabama (s.?), Florida]
NORTHERN MEXICO: Mexico [Tamaulipas]
SOUTHERN MEXICO: Mexico [Oaxaca, Quintana Roo, Tabasco, Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave, Yucatán]

Southern America

CARIBBEAN: Anguilla, Netherlands Antilles, Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Bermuda, Barbados, Cuba, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Grenada, Haiti, Jamaica, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, Montserrat, Martinique, United States [Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, U.S., Virgin Islands, U.S., Virgin Islands, U.S.], St. Vincent and Grenadines, Virgin Islands (British) [Tortola]
CENTRAL AMERICA: Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, El Salvador
NORTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela
BRAZIL: Brazil [Bahia, Mato Grosso, Pará, Pernambuco, Roraima]
WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA: Colombia, Ecuador [Guayas]

Naturalized
Africa

EAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Tanzania
WEST-CENTRAL TROPICAL AFRICA: Equatorial Guinea
WEST TROPICAL AFRICA: Côte D'Ivoire, Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone
SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA: Mozambique
WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN: Madagascar, Mauritius, Reunion

Asia-Temperate

CHINA: China [Fujian Sheng, Guangdong Sheng, Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu, Hainan Sheng, Yunnan Sheng]
EASTERN ASIA: Japan [Ryukyu Islands], Taiwan

Asia-Tropical

INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: India, Sri Lanka
PAPUASIA: Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands
INDO-CHINA: India [Andaman and Nicobar Islands], Thailand
MALESIA: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines

Australasia

AUSTRALIA: Australia [Queensland, Northern Territory]

Pacific

NORTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC: United States [Hawaii]
NORTHWESTERN PACIFIC: Micronesia, Marshall Islands, Palau, United States [Guam, Northern Mariana Islands]
SOUTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC: Cook Islands
SOUTHWESTERN PACIFIC: Kiribati [Gilbert Islands, Phoenix Islands], New Caledonia, Niue, Tonga, United States [American Samoa]

Reference(s)

Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. et al. 1996. Flora of St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 78:1-581.
Adams, C. 1972. Flowering plants of Jamaica
Atkins, S. 2005. The genus Stachytarpheta (Verbenaceae) in Brazil. Kew Bull. 60:187.
Balick, M. J. et al. 2000. Checklist of the vascular plants of Belize, with common names and uses. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 85
Bosser, J. M. et al., eds. 1976-. Flores des Mascareignes.
Chen, S.-H. & M.-J. Wu. 2003. Remarks on the species of Stachytarpheta (Verbenaceae) of Taiwan. Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. 44:167-174.
Correll, D. S. & H. B. Correll. 1982. Flora of the Bahama archipelago.
Dassanayake, M. D. & F. R. Fosberg, eds. 1980-. A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon.
Exell, A. W. et al., eds. 1960-. Flora zambesiaca.
Gómez-Pompa, A. & V. Sosa, eds. 1978-. Flora de Veracruz.
Görts-van Rijn, A. R. A., ed. 1986-. Flora of the Guianas.
Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
Iwatsuki, K. et al. 1993-. Flora of Japan.
Jardín Botánico Nacional. 1998-. Flora de la República de Cuba
Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez, eds. 1999. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75
Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
Liogier, H. A. 1981-. Flora of Hispaniola: Part 1; La Flora de la Española. Part II-.
Liogier, H. A. 1984-. Descriptive flora of Puerto Rico and adjacent islands.
Munir, A. A. 1992. A taxonomic revision of the genus Stachytarpheta Vahl (Verbenaceae) in Australia. J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 14:139-145.
Nelson, C. H. N. 2008. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Honduras Note: Secretaría de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
Proctor, G. R. 1984. Flora of the Cayman Islands. Kew Bulletin Additional Series XI.
Singh, N. P. et al., eds. 2001-2002. Flora of Maharashtra state.
Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark. 1946-1976. Flora of Guatemala.
Stevens, W. D. et al., eds. 2001. Flora de Nicaragua. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 85(1-3).
Steyermark, J. A. et al., eds. 1995-. Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana. Note: Missouri Botanical Garden & Timber Press
Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952-. Flora of tropical East Africa.
Woodson, R. E. & R. W. Schery, eds. 1943-1980. Flora of Panama.
Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
Wunderlin, R. P. 1982. Guide to the vascular plants of central Florida

Economic Uses

Usage	Type	Note	Reference
Weed			Holm, L. et al. 1997. World weeds: natural histories and distribution John Wiley & Sons, New York, New York.

Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2026. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://npgstest.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=403752. Accessed 12 May 2026.