Taxon: Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Savigny

Summary

Genus:

Bruguiera

Family:

Rhizophoraceae

Nomen number:

403585

Place of publication:

J. B. A. P. M. de Lamarck, Encycl. 4:696. 1798

Comment:

recommendation of W. T. Stearn, Botanical Latin ed. 4: 261. 1992 followed in retaining original spelling: "The initial ρ of a Greek word transliterated as rh, e.g. rhiza (ριζα, root, rhizome), should have an additional r added to it when preceded by a vowel, e.g. Glycyrrhiza (γλυκυρριζα, liquorice, from γλυκος, sweet, ριζα, root), leptorrhiza (λεπτορριζα, with a thin root, from λεπτος, small, slender), but as many reputable authors, Linnaeus among them, have omitted this additional r, it is best regarded as optional and an author's original spelling, as in Lemna polyrhiza, should be accepted."
authorship verified from original literature (see p. 697)

Verified:

12/07/1995 ARS Systematic Botanists.

Accessions:

0 (0 active, 0 available) in National Plant Germplasm System.

Other conspecific taxa

Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations

Basionym
Rhizophora gymnorhiza L.

Invalid Designation(s)
Bruguiera conjugata auct.

Images (2 total. Click on image for more.)

Conservation Status

Reference(s)

University of Georgia Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health
PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
APHIS. Agricultural Risk Management System United States Department of Agriculture.
Arnold, T. H. & B. C. De Wet, eds. 1993. Plants of southern Africa: names and distribution. Mem. Bot. Surv. S. Africa no. 62 Note: lists as "Bruguiera gymnorrhiza" (L.) Lam.
Aubréville, A. et al., eds. 1960-. Flore du Cambodge du Laos et du Viet-Nam. Note: lists as "Bruguiera gymnorrhiza" (L.) Lam.
Dassanayake, M. D. & F. R. Fosberg, eds. 1980-. A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon. Note: lists as Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Savigny
Duke, J. A. 1989. Handbook of Nuts CRC Press.
Elevitch, C. R., ed. The traditional tree initiative: species profiles for Pacific Island agroforestry (on-line resource). Note:
- Permanent Agriculture Resources (PAR), Holualoa, Hawai'i
- http://www.traditionaltree.org/
Farr, E. R. et al., eds. 1979, 1986. Index nomina genericorum Note: lists as Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Savigny
George, A. S., ed. 1980-. Flora of Australia. Note: lists as Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Savigny
Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14 National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
Greuter, W. et al. 1993. NCU-3: Names in current use for extant plant genera. Regnum Veg. 129:156. Note: lists as Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Savigny
Hnatiuk, R. J. 1990. Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series No. 11. Note: lists as Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Savigny
Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
Nicolson, D. H. et al. 1988. An interpretation of Van Rheede's Hortus Malabaricus. Regnum Veg. 119:215.
Smith, A. C. 1979-1991. Flora vitiensis nova. Note: lists as "Bruguiera gymnorrhiza" (L.) Lam.
Smitinand, T. & K. Larsen, eds. 1970-. Flora of Thailand. Note: lists as "Bruguiera gymnorrhiza" (L.) Savigny
Stanley, T. D. & E. M. Ross. 1983-1989. Flora of south-eastern Queensland. Note: lists as Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Lam.
Steenis, C. G. G. J. van, ed. 1948-. Flora malesiana. Note: lists as "Bruguiera. gymnorrhiza" (L.) Lam., but corrects authorship to "(L.) Savigny" in 6:966. 1972
Thulin, M., ed. 1993-. Flora of Somalia. Note: lists as "Bruguiera gymnorrhiza" (L.) Lam.
Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952-. Flora of tropical East Africa. Note: lists as "Bruguiera gymnorrhiza" (L.) Lam.
Wagner, W. L. et al. 1990. Manual of the flowering plants of Hawai'i Note: lists as "Bruguiera gymnorrhiza" (L.) Lam.
Whitmore, T. C. et al., eds. 1989. Tree flora of Indonesia, Check list for Kalimantan. Note: lists as Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Savigny

Common names

Language	Name	note	seq	Citation
English	black mangrove		1	Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
English	Burmese mangrove		1	Duke, J. A. 1989. Handbook of Nuts CRC Press.
English	large-fruit orange mangrove		1	Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
English	large-leaf mangrove	http://www.agroforestry.net/tti/B.gymno-largeleafmangrove.pdf	1	Elevitch, C. R., ed. The traditional tree initiative: species profiles for Pacific Island agroforestry (on-line resource). Note: Permanent Agriculture Resources (PAR), Holualoa, Hawai'i http://www.traditionaltree.org/
English	nobble-root mangrove		1	Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
English	orange mangrove		1	Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
English	Oriental mangrove	http://www.agroforestry.net/tti/B.gymno-largeleafmangrove.pdf	1	Elevitch, C. R., ed. The traditional tree initiative: species profiles for Pacific Island agroforestry (on-line resource). Note: Permanent Agriculture Resources (PAR), Holualoa, Hawai'i http://www.traditionaltree.org/
English	red mangrove		1	Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).

Distribution

order_code	Status	Continent	Subcontinent	Country	State	Reference
1	Native	Africa	East Tropical Africa	Kenya		Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952-. Flora of tropical East Africa. Note: lists as "Bruguiera gymnorrhiza" (L.) Lam.
1	Native	Africa	East Tropical Africa	Tanzania		Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952-. Flora of tropical East Africa. Note: lists as "Bruguiera gymnorrhiza" (L.) Lam.
1	Native	Africa	Southern Africa	South Africa	Eastern Cape	Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14 National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
1	Native	Africa	Southern Africa	South Africa	KwaZulu-Natal	Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14 National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
1	Native	Africa	Western Indian Ocean	Madagascar
1	Native	Africa	Western Indian Ocean	Mauritius
1	Native	Africa	Western Indian Ocean	Seychelles
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Eastern Asia	Japan	Ryukyu Islands
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Eastern Asia	Taiwan
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	Sri Lanka		Dassanayake, M. D. & F. R. Fosberg, eds. 1980-. A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon. Note: lists as Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Savigny
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indo-China	Cambodia		Aubréville, A. et al., eds. 1960-. Flore du Cambodge du Laos et du Viet-Nam. Note: lists as "Bruguiera gymnorrhiza" (L.) Lam.
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indo-China	Myanmar
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indo-China	Thailand		Smitinand, T. & K. Larsen, eds. 1970-. Flora of Thailand. Note: lists as "Bruguiera gymnorrhiza" (L.) Savigny
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indo-China	Vietnam		Aubréville, A. et al., eds. 1960-. Flore du Cambodge du Laos et du Viet-Nam. Note: lists as "Bruguiera gymnorrhiza" (L.) Lam.
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Malesia	Indonesia		Steenis, C. G. G. J. van, ed. 1948-. Flora malesiana. Note: lists as "Bruguiera. gymnorrhiza" (L.) Lam., but corrects authorship to "(L.) Savigny" in 6:966. 1972
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Malesia	Malaysia		Steenis, C. G. G. J. van, ed. 1948-. Flora malesiana. Note: lists as "Bruguiera. gymnorrhiza" (L.) Lam., but corrects authorship to "(L.) Savigny" in 6:966. 1972
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Malesia	Philippines		Steenis, C. G. G. J. van, ed. 1948-. Flora malesiana. Note: lists as "Bruguiera. gymnorrhiza" (L.) Lam., but corrects authorship to "(L.) Savigny" in 6:966. 1972
1	Native	Australasia	Australia	Australia	New South Wales	George, A. S., ed. 1980-. Flora of Australia. Note: lists as Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Savigny
1	Native	Australasia	Australia	Australia	Northern Territory	George, A. S., ed. 1980-. Flora of Australia. Note: lists as Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Savigny
1	Native	Australasia	Australia	Australia	Queensland	George, A. S., ed. 1980-. Flora of Australia. Note: lists as Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Savigny
1	Native	Pacific	Northwestern Pacific	Marshall Islands
1	Native	Pacific	Northwestern Pacific	Micronesia
1	Native	Pacific	Southwestern Pacific	Fiji		Smith, A. C. 1979-1991. Flora vitiensis nova. Note: lists as "Bruguiera gymnorrhiza" (L.) Lam.
1	Native	Pacific	Southwestern Pacific	Samoa
1	Native	Pacific	Southwestern Pacific	Tonga

Native
Africa

EAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Kenya, Tanzania
SOUTHERN AFRICA: South Africa [Eastern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal]
WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN: Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles

Asia-Temperate

EASTERN ASIA: Japan [Ryukyu Islands], Taiwan

Asia-Tropical

INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: Sri Lanka
INDO-CHINA: Cambodia, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam
MALESIA: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines

Australasia

AUSTRALIA: Australia [New South Wales, Queensland, Northern Territory]

Pacific

NORTHWESTERN PACIFIC: Micronesia, Marshall Islands
SOUTHWESTERN PACIFIC: Fiji, Tonga, Samoa

Reference(s)

Aubréville, A. et al., eds. 1960-. Flore du Cambodge du Laos et du Viet-Nam. Note: lists as "Bruguiera gymnorrhiza" (L.) Lam.
Dassanayake, M. D. & F. R. Fosberg, eds. 1980-. A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon. Note: lists as Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Savigny
George, A. S., ed. 1980-. Flora of Australia. Note: lists as Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Savigny
Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14 National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
Smith, A. C. 1979-1991. Flora vitiensis nova. Note: lists as "Bruguiera gymnorrhiza" (L.) Lam.
Smitinand, T. & K. Larsen, eds. 1970-. Flora of Thailand. Note: lists as "Bruguiera gymnorrhiza" (L.) Savigny
Steenis, C. G. G. J. van, ed. 1948-. Flora malesiana. Note: lists as "Bruguiera. gymnorrhiza" (L.) Lam., but corrects authorship to "(L.) Savigny" in 6:966. 1972
Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952-. Flora of tropical East Africa. Note: lists as "Bruguiera gymnorrhiza" (L.) Lam.

Economic Uses

Usage	Type	Note	Reference
Environmental	erosion control		Duke, J. A. 1989. Handbook of Nuts CRC Press.
Food additives	flavoring		Duke, J. A. 1989. Handbook of Nuts CRC Press.
Materials	fiber	for rayon manufacture	Duke, J. A. 1989. Handbook of Nuts CRC Press.

Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2026. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://npgstest.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=403585. Accessed 13 May 2026.