Taxon:  Trema orientalis (L.) Blume



Summary
Genus:
Trema
Family:
Cannabaceae
Nomen number:
40045
Place of publication:
Mus. bot. 2:62.  1856
Comment:
although treated here as feminine, in accordance with botanical tradition (Shenzhen ICN Art. 62.1), the genus is of neuter gender according to NCU-3
Verified:
11/15/2001 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
3 (0  active, 0  available) in National Plant Germplasm System.  (Map it)
Other conspecific taxa
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Basionym
Celtis orientalis L.

Autonym(s)
Trema orientalis (L.) Blume var. orientalis (Planch.) Lauterb.

Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Celtis guineensis Schumach.
Sponia argentea Planch.
Trema guineensis (Schumach.) Ficalho
Trema orientalis (L.) Blume var. argentea (Planch.) Lauterb.

No images


Conservation Status

Reference(s)
  1. University of Georgia Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health
  2. Aubréville, A. et al., eds. 1963-. Flore du Cameroun.
  3. Backer, C. A. & R. C. Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr. 1963-1968. Flora of Java.
  4. Boutelje, J. B. 1980. Encyclopedia of world timbers, names and technical literature
  5. Cufodontis, G. 1953-1972. Enumeratio plantarum aethiopiae: Spermatophyta.
  6. Erhardt, W. et al. 2008. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen
  7. Exell, A. W. et al., eds. 1960-. Flora zambesiaca.
  8. Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds. 1997. Auxiliary plants. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 11:252-255.
  9. Farzana, M. et al. 2022. Review on Trema orientalis as a potential bioresource in tropical countries. Trees 36:1169-1177. DOI: 10.1007/s00468-021-02245-1. Note: a species with multiple uses
  10. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
  11. George, A. S., ed. 1980-. Flora of Australia.
  12. Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14 National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
  13. Ghazanfar, S. A. 1992. An annotated catalogue of the vascular plants of Oman. Scripta Botanica Belgica 2
  14. Hara, H. et al. 1978-1982. An enumeration of the flowering plants of Nepal.
  15. Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
  16. Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
  17. Keay, R. W. J. 1989. Trees of Nigeria Note: including Trema guineensis
  18. Li, H. L. et al., eds. 1975-1979. Flora of Taiwan.
  19. Matthew, K. M. 1983. The flora of the Tamilnadu Carnatic.
  20. Miller, A. G. & T. A. Cope. 1996-. Flora of the Arabian Peninsula and Socotra.
  21. National Academy of Sciences. 1980. Firewood crops. Shrub and tree species for energy production
  22. Nicolson, D. H. et al. 1988. An interpretation of Van Rheede's Hortus Malabaricus. Regnum Veg. 119:258.
  23. Ohwi, J. 1965. Flora of Japan (Engl. ed.).
  24. Saldanha, C. J. & D. H. Nicolson. 1976. Flora of Hassan district.
  25. Soepadmo, E. 1977. In: Steenis, C. G. G. J. van, ed., Flora malesiana. ser. 1, 8(2):51-53.
  26. Troupin, G. 1978-. Flore du Rwanda.
  27. Walker, E. 1976. Flora of Okinawa and the southern Ryukyu Islands.
  28. Wood, J. R. I. 1997. A handbook of the Yemen flora.
  29. Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
Common names
LanguageNameAlternate namenoteseqCitation
Englishcharcoaltree  1Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds. 1997. Auxiliary plants. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 11:252-255.
EnglishIndian charcoaltree  1Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds. 1997. Auxiliary plants. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 11:252-255.
Englishlarge poison-peach  1Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
Englishpeach-cedar  1Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
Englishpoison-peach  1Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
Englishrough trema  1Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
Englishtree-peach  1Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
Englishwoolly-cedar  1Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
Transcribed Chineseyi se shan huang ma  2Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
Distribution
order_codeStatusContinentSubcontinentCountryStateNoteReference
1NativeAfricaEast Tropical AfricaKenya   
1NativeAfricaEast Tropical AfricaTanzania incl. Zanzibar 
1NativeAfricaEast Tropical AfricaUganda   
1NativeAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaEritrea   
1NativeAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaEthiopia   
1NativeAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaSomalia   
1NativeAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaSudan   
1NativeAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaMalawi  Exell, A. W. et al., eds. 1960-. Flora zambesiaca.
1NativeAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaMozambique  Exell, A. W. et al., eds. 1960-. Flora zambesiaca.
1NativeAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaZambia  Exell, A. W. et al., eds. 1960-. Flora zambesiaca.
1NativeAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaZimbabwe  Exell, A. W. et al., eds. 1960-. Flora zambesiaca.
1NativeAfricaSouthern AfricaEswatini  Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14 National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
1NativeAfricaSouthern AfricaNamibia  Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14 National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
1NativeAfricaSouthern AfricaSouth AfricaCape Province Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14 National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
1NativeAfricaSouthern AfricaSouth AfricaKwaZulu-Natal Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14 National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
1NativeAfricaSouthern AfricaSouth AfricaTransvaal Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14 National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaBenin   
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaCôte D'Ivoire   
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaGambia   
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaGhana   
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaGuinea   
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaGuinea-Bissau   
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaLiberia   
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaSenegal   
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaSierra Leone   
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaTogo   
1NativeAfricaWest-Central Tropical AfricaCameroon  Aubréville, A. et al., eds. 1963-. Flore du Cameroun.
1NativeAfricaWest-Central Tropical AfricaCentral African Republic   
1NativeAfricaWest-Central Tropical AfricaDemocratic Republic of the Congo   
1NativeAfricaWest-Central Tropical AfricaEquatorial Guinea incl. Bioko 
1NativeAfricaWest-Central Tropical AfricaGabon   
1NativeAfricaWest-Central Tropical AfricaRwanda   
1NativeAfricaWestern Indian OceanComoros   
1NativeAfricaWestern Indian OceanMadagascar   
1NativeAsia-TemperateArabian PeninsulaOman  Miller, A. G. & T. A. Cope. 1996-. Flora of the Arabian Peninsula and Socotra.
1NativeAsia-TemperateArabian PeninsulaSaudi Arabia  Miller, A. G. & T. A. Cope. 1996-. Flora of the Arabian Peninsula and Socotra.
1NativeAsia-TemperateArabian PeninsulaYemen  Miller, A. G. & T. A. Cope. 1996-. Flora of the Arabian Peninsula and Socotra.
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaFujian Sheng Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaGuangdong Shengs.Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaGuangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiquw.Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaGuizhou Shengs.w.Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaHainan Sheng Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaSichuan Sheng Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaXizang Zizhiqu Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaYunnan Sheng Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1NativeAsia-TemperateEastern AsiaJapanKyushu  
1NativeAsia-TemperateEastern AsiaJapanRyukyu Islands  
1NativeAsia-TemperateEastern AsiaTaiwan  Soepadmo, E. 1977. In: Steenis, C. G. G. J. van, ed., Flora malesiana. ser. 1, 8(2):51-53.
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentBhutan   
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentIndia  Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentNepal  Hara, H. et al. 1978-1982. An enumeration of the flowering plants of Nepal.
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentSri Lanka   
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaMyanmar  Soepadmo, E. 1977. In: Steenis, C. G. G. J. van, ed., Flora malesiana. ser. 1, 8(2):51-53.
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaThailand  Soepadmo, E. 1977. In: Steenis, C. G. G. J. van, ed., Flora malesiana. ser. 1, 8(2):51-53.
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaVietnam  Soepadmo, E. 1977. In: Steenis, C. G. G. J. van, ed., Flora malesiana. ser. 1, 8(2):51-53.
1NativeAsia-TropicalMalesiaIndonesia  Soepadmo, E. 1977. In: Steenis, C. G. G. J. van, ed., Flora malesiana. ser. 1, 8(2):51-53.
1NativeAsia-TropicalMalesiaMalaysia  Soepadmo, E. 1977. In: Steenis, C. G. G. J. van, ed., Flora malesiana. ser. 1, 8(2):51-53.
1NativeAsia-TropicalMalesiaPhilippines  Soepadmo, E. 1977. In: Steenis, C. G. G. J. van, ed., Flora malesiana. ser. 1, 8(2):51-53.
1NativeAsia-TropicalPapuasiaPapua New Guinea  Soepadmo, E. 1977. In: Steenis, C. G. G. J. van, ed., Flora malesiana. ser. 1, 8(2):51-53.
1NativeAsia-TropicalPapuasiaSolomon Islands  Soepadmo, E. 1977. In: Steenis, C. G. G. J. van, ed., Flora malesiana. ser. 1, 8(2):51-53.
1NativeAustralasiaAustraliaAustraliaNorthern Territoryn.George, A. S., ed. 1980-. Flora of Australia.
1NativeAustralasiaAustraliaAustraliaQueenslande.George, A. S., ed. 1980-. Flora of Australia.
1NativePacificNorthwestern PacificMicronesia  Soepadmo, E. 1977. In: Steenis, C. G. G. J. van, ed., Flora malesiana. ser. 1, 8(2):51-53.
1NativePacificSouthwestern PacificFiji  Soepadmo, E. 1977. In: Steenis, C. G. G. J. van, ed., Flora malesiana. ser. 1, 8(2):51-53.
1NativePacificSouthwestern PacificNew Caledonia  Soepadmo, E. 1977. In: Steenis, C. G. G. J. van, ed., Flora malesiana. ser. 1, 8(2):51-53.
1NativePacificSouthwestern PacificSamoa  Soepadmo, E. 1977. In: Steenis, C. G. G. J. van, ed., Flora malesiana. ser. 1, 8(2):51-53.
Native
Africa
  • NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan, Somalia
  • EAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Kenya, Tanzania (incl. Zanzibar), Uganda
  • WEST-CENTRAL TROPICAL AFRICA: Central African Republic, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea (incl. Bioko), Rwanda
  • WEST TROPICAL AFRICA: Benin, Côte D'Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo
  • SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA: Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe
  • SOUTHERN AFRICA: Namibia, Eswatini, South Africa [Cape Province, KwaZulu-Natal, Transvaal]
  • WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN: Comoros, Madagascar
Asia-Temperate
  • ARABIAN PENINSULA: Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen
  • CHINA: China [Fujian Sheng, Guangdong Sheng (s.), Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu (w.), Guizhou Sheng (s.w.), Hainan Sheng, Sichuan Sheng, Xizang Zizhiqu, Yunnan Sheng]
  • EASTERN ASIA: Japan [Kyushu, Ryukyu Islands], Taiwan
Asia-Tropical
  • INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: Bhutan, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal
  • PAPUASIA: Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands
  • INDO-CHINA: Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam
  • MALESIA: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines
Australasia
  • AUSTRALIA: Australia [Queensland (e.), Northern Territory (n.)]
Pacific
  • NORTHWESTERN PACIFIC: Micronesia
  • SOUTHWESTERN PACIFIC: Fiji, New Caledonia, Samoa

Reference(s)
  1. Aubréville, A. et al., eds. 1963-. Flore du Cameroun.
  2. Exell, A. W. et al., eds. 1960-. Flora zambesiaca.
  3. George, A. S., ed. 1980-. Flora of Australia.
  4. Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14 National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
  5. Hara, H. et al. 1978-1982. An enumeration of the flowering plants of Nepal.
  6. Miller, A. G. & T. A. Cope. 1996-. Flora of the Arabian Peninsula and Socotra.
  7. Soepadmo, E. 1977. In: Steenis, C. G. G. J. van, ed., Flora malesiana. ser. 1, 8(2):51-53.
  8. Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
Economic Uses
UsageTypeNoteReference
Animal foodfodderpotentialFaridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds. 1997. Auxiliary plants. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 11:252-255.
Fuelscharcoal National Academy of Sciences. 1980. Firewood crops. Shrub and tree species for energy production
Materialschemicalspotential as source of cellulose for textile industry, and of lignin and hemicellulose for biorefineryFarzana, M. et al. 2022. Review on Trema orientalis as a potential bioresource in tropical countries. Trees 36:1169-1177. DOI: 10.1007/s00468-021-02245-1. Note: a species with multiple uses
MaterialsfiberpotentialFaridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds. 1997. Auxiliary plants. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 11:252-255.
Materialsfiberpotential for wood pulp and paper productionFarzana, M. et al. 2022. Review on Trema orientalis as a potential bioresource in tropical countries. Trees 36:1169-1177. DOI: 10.1007/s00468-021-02245-1. Note: a species with multiple uses
Materialstannin/dyestuffpotential for tanninFarzana, M. et al. 2022. Review on Trema orientalis as a potential bioresource in tropical countries. Trees 36:1169-1177. DOI: 10.1007/s00468-021-02245-1. Note: a species with multiple uses
Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2026. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://npgstest.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=40045. Accessed 15 April 2026.