Taxon: Tetragonia tetragonoides (Pall.) Kuntze

Summary

Genus:

Tetragonia

Family:

Aizoaceae

Subfamily:

Aizooideae

Nomen number:

36385

Place of publication:

Revis. gen. pl. 1:264. 1891 "tetragoniodes"

Comment:

spelling commonly corrected to "tetragonioides" but not a correctable error
spelling of basionym verified from original literature

Verified:

07/07/1999 ARS Systematic Botanists.

Accessions:

6 (2 active, 0 available) in National Plant Germplasm System. (Map it)

Other conspecific taxa

Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations

Basionym
Demidovia tetragonoides Pall.

Homotypic Synonym(s)
Tetragonia expansa Murray

No images

Links

Seeds or fruits – Seed ID Workshop image, from Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio State University

Conservation Status

Reference(s)

University of Georgia Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health
PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
Allan, H. H. B. et al. 1961-. Flora of New Zealand. Note: lists as "tetragonioides"
APHIS. Agricultural Risk Management System United States Department of Agriculture.
Backer, C. A. & R. C. Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr. 1963-1968. Flora of Java. Note: lists as "tetragonioides"
Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. 1993. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45 Note: lists as "tetragonioides"; = Tetragonia expansa Murray
Castroviejo, S. et al., eds. 1989-. Flora iberica: plantas vasculares de la Peninsula Iberica e Islas Baleares.
Demilly, D. et al. 2001. Liste alphabétique des principales espèces de plantes cultivées et de mauvaises herbes. Noms latins et noms français, ed. 7 GEVES-SNES, Beaucouzé, France.
Encke, F. et al. 1993. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 14. Auflage Note: lists as "tetragonioides"
Exell, A. W. et al., eds. 1960-. Flora zambesiaca.
FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America. Note: lists as "tetragonioides"
Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
George, A. S., ed. 1980-. Flora of Australia.
Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14 National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
Greuter, W. et al., eds. 1984-. Med-Checklist.
Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
Harling, G. & B. Sparre, eds. 1973-. Flora of Ecuador.
Hartmann, H. E. K., ed. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants: Aizoaceae A-E & Aizoaceae F-Z F-Z:327. Note: lists as "tetragonioides"
Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares.
Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
International Seed Testing Association. 1982. A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names 1. Field crops, grasses and vegetables, ed. 2.
Iwatsuki, K. et al. 1993-. Flora of Japan.
Jessop, J. P. & H. R. Toelken, eds. 1986. Flora of South Australia, ed. 4. Note: lists as "tetragonioides"
Kartesz, J. T. & K. N. Gandhi. 1993. Nomenclatural notes for the North American flora. XII. Phytologia 74:44-45. Note: lists as "tetragonioides"
Lazarides, M. & B. Hince. 1993. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia
Lee, Y. N. 1997. Flora of Korea.
Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada Note: lists as "tetragonioides"
Liogier, H. A. 1984-. Descriptive flora of Puerto Rico and adjacent islands.
Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2
Ohwi, J. 1965. Flora of Japan (Engl. ed.).
Personal Care Products Council. International Nomenclature Cosmetic Ingredient
Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants Note: lists as "tetragonioides"
Siemonsma, J. S. & Kasem Piluek, eds. 1993. Vegetables. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 8:269-271. Note: lists as "tetragonioides"
Steenis, C. G. G. J. van, ed. 1948-. Flora malesiana.
Stevens, W. D. et al., eds. 2001. Flora de Nicaragua. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 85(1-3).
Taylor, C. M. 1994. Revision of Tetragonia (Aizoaceae) in South America. Syst. Bot. 19:575-589. www.aspt.net/systematic-botany
Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952-. Flora of tropical East Africa.
Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1993. Flora europaea, ed. 2.
Wagner, W. L. et al. 1990. Manual of the flowering plants of Hawai'i Note: lists as "tetragonioides"
Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition). Note: lists as "tetragonioides"
Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.

Common names

Language	Name	seq	Citation
English	New Zealand-spinach	1	Wiersema, J. H. & B. León. 1999. World economic plants: a standard reference CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
English	warrigal-cabbage	1	Siemonsma, J. S. & Kasem Piluek, eds. 1993. Vegetables. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 8:269-271. Note: lists as "tetragonioides"
English	wild spinach	1	Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
French	épinard de la Nouvelle Zélande	2	Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
French	épinard d'été	2	Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
French	tétragone	2	Demilly, D. et al. 2001. Liste alphabétique des principales espèces de plantes cultivées et de mauvaises herbes. Noms latins et noms français, ed. 7 GEVES-SNES, Beaucouzé, France.
French	tétragone cornue	2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants Note: lists as "tetragonioides"
German	Neuseelandspinat	2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants Note: lists as "tetragonioides"
Italian	spinaccio della Nuova Zelande	2	Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
Italian	spinacio della Nouva Zelanda	2	International Seed Testing Association. 1982. A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names 1. Field crops, grasses and vegetables, ed. 2.
Japanese Rōmaji	tsuru-na	2	Ohwi, J. 1965. Flora of Japan (Engl. ed.).
Portuguese (Brazil)	espinafre-da-nova-zelândia	2	Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
Spanish	espinaca de Nueva Zelandia	2	Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
Swedish	nyzeeländsk spenat	2	Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
Transcribed Chinese	fan xing	2	Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition). Note: lists as "tetragonioides"
Transcribed Korean	beonhaengcho	2	Lee, Y. N. 1997. Flora of Korea.

Distribution

order_code	Status	Continent	Subcontinent	Country	State	Note	Reference
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Fujian Sheng		Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition). Note: lists as "tetragonioides"
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Guangdong Sheng		Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition). Note: lists as "tetragonioides"
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Jiangsu Sheng		Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition). Note: lists as "tetragonioides"
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Yunnan Sheng		Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition). Note: lists as "tetragonioides"
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Zhejiang Sheng		Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition). Note: lists as "tetragonioides"
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Eastern Asia	Japan	Hokkaidô	s.w.	Iwatsuki, K. et al. 1993-. Flora of Japan.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Eastern Asia	Japan	Honshu		Iwatsuki, K. et al. 1993-. Flora of Japan.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Eastern Asia	Japan	Kyushu		Iwatsuki, K. et al. 1993-. Flora of Japan.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Eastern Asia	Japan	Ryukyu Islands		Iwatsuki, K. et al. 1993-. Flora of Japan.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Eastern Asia	Japan	Shikoku		Iwatsuki, K. et al. 1993-. Flora of Japan.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Eastern Asia	Taiwan			Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition). Note: lists as "tetragonioides"
1	Native	Australasia	Australia	Australia	New South Wales		George, A. S., ed. 1980-. Flora of Australia.
1	Native	Australasia	Australia	Australia	Northern Territory		George, A. S., ed. 1980-. Flora of Australia.
1	Native	Australasia	Australia	Australia	Queensland		George, A. S., ed. 1980-. Flora of Australia.
1	Native	Australasia	Australia	Australia	South Australia		George, A. S., ed. 1980-. Flora of Australia.
1	Native	Australasia	Australia	Australia	Victoria		George, A. S., ed. 1980-. Flora of Australia.
1	Native	Australasia	Australia	Australia	Western Australia		George, A. S., ed. 1980-. Flora of Australia.
1	Native	Australasia	New Zealand	New Zealand			Allan, H. H. B. et al. 1961-. Flora of New Zealand. Note: lists as "tetragonioides"
2	Cultivated	Africa	East Tropical Africa	Kenya			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	East Tropical Africa	Tanzania			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	East Tropical Africa	Uganda			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	Northeast Tropical Africa	Somalia			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	South Tropical Africa	Mozambique			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	South Tropical Africa	Zambia			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	South Tropical Africa	Zimbabwe			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	Southern Africa	South Africa			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Senegal			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	Western Indian Ocean	Madagascar			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	China	China			Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition). Note: lists as "tetragonioides"
2	Cultivated	Asia-Tropical	Malesia	Indonesia			Steenis, C. G. G. J. van, ed. 1948-. Flora malesiana.
2	Cultivated	Asia-Tropical	Malesia	Philippines			Siemonsma, J. S. & Kasem Piluek, eds. 1993. Vegetables. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 8:269-271. Note: lists as "tetragonioides"
2	Cultivated	Europe		Europe			Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
2	Cultivated	Northern America		United States			FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America. Note: lists as "tetragonioides"
2	Cultivated	Southern America	Brazil	Brazil			Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Southern America	Caribbean	United States	Puerto Rico		Liogier, H. A. 1984-. Descriptive flora of Puerto Rico and adjacent islands.
2	Cultivated	Southern America	Central America	Guatemala			Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark. 1946-1976. Flora of Guatemala.
2	Cultivated	Southern America	Central America	Nicaragua			Stevens, W. D. et al., eds. 2001. Flora de Nicaragua. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 85(1-3).
2	Cultivated	Southern America	Northern South America	Venezuela			Hokche, O. et al. 2008. Nuevo catálogo de la flora vascular de Venezuela.
2	Cultivated	Southern America	Western South America	Ecuador			Harling, G. & B. Sparre, eds. 1973-. Flora of Ecuador.
2	Cultivated	Southern America	Western South America	Peru			Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. 1993. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45
3	Adventive	Africa	Northern Africa	Morocco			Greuter, W. et al., eds. 1984-. Med-Checklist.
4	Naturalized	Africa	Southern Africa	South Africa	KwaZulu-Natal		Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14 National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
4	Naturalized	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Italy			Greuter, W. et al., eds. 1984-. Med-Checklist.
4	Naturalized	Europe	Southwestern Europe	Portugal			Castroviejo, S. et al., eds. 1989-. Flora iberica: plantas vasculares de la Peninsula Iberica e Islas Baleares.
4	Naturalized	Europe	Southwestern Europe	Spain		incl. Baleares	Castroviejo, S. et al., eds. 1989-. Flora iberica: plantas vasculares de la Peninsula Iberica e Islas Baleares.
4	Naturalized	Northern America		Mexico			FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America. Note: lists as "tetragonioides"
4	Naturalized	Northern America	North-Central U.S.A.	United States	Wisconsin		FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America. Note: lists as "tetragonioides"
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	Connecticut		FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America. Note: lists as "tetragonioides"
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	Massachusetts		FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America. Note: lists as "tetragonioides"
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	Pennsylvania		FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America. Note: lists as "tetragonioides"
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	West Virginia		FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America. Note: lists as "tetragonioides"
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Northwestern U.S.A.	United States	Oregon		FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America. Note: lists as "tetragonioides"
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Florida		FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America. Note: lists as "tetragonioides"
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	North Carolina		FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America. Note: lists as "tetragonioides"
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Southwestern U.S.A.	United States	California		FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America. Note: lists as "tetragonioides"
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Brazil	Brazil	Rio de Janeiro		Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Brazil	Brazil	São Paulo		Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Southern South America	Argentina			Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Southern South America	Chile		could have arrived with ocean currents (fide C. M. Taylor 1994)	Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Southern South America	Uruguay			Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares.

Native
Asia-Temperate

CHINA: China [Fujian Sheng, Guangdong Sheng, Jiangsu Sheng, Yunnan Sheng, Zhejiang Sheng]
EASTERN ASIA: Japan [Hokkaidô (s.w.), Honshu, Kyushu, Ryukyu Islands, Shikoku], Taiwan

Australasia

AUSTRALIA: Australia [New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia, Northern Territory]
NEW ZEALAND: New Zealand

Cultivated
Africa

NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Somalia
EAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
WEST TROPICAL AFRICA: Senegal
SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA: Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe
SOUTHERN AFRICA: South Africa
WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN: Madagascar

Asia-Temperate

CHINA: China

Asia-Tropical

MALESIA: Indonesia, Philippines

Europe

REGION: Europe

Northern America

REGION: United States

Southern America

CARIBBEAN: United States [Puerto Rico]
CENTRAL AMERICA: Guatemala, Nicaragua
NORTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Venezuela
BRAZIL: Brazil
WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA: Ecuador, Peru

Adventive
Africa

NORTHERN AFRICA: Morocco

Naturalized
Africa

SOUTHERN AFRICA: South Africa [KwaZulu-Natal]

Europe

SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Italy
SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: Spain (incl. Baleares), Portugal

Northern America

NORTHEASTERN U.S.A.: United States [Connecticut, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, West Virginia]
NORTH-CENTRAL U.S.A.: United States [Wisconsin]
NORTHWESTERN U.S.A.: United States [Oregon]
SOUTHEASTERN U.S.A.: United States [Florida, North Carolina]
SOUTHWESTERN U.S.A.: United States [California]
REGION: Mexico

Southern America

BRAZIL: Brazil [Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo]
SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina, Chile (could have arrived with ocean currents (fide C. M. Taylor 1994)), Uruguay

Reference(s)

PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
Allan, H. H. B. et al. 1961-. Flora of New Zealand. Note: lists as "tetragonioides"
Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. 1993. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45
Castroviejo, S. et al., eds. 1989-. Flora iberica: plantas vasculares de la Peninsula Iberica e Islas Baleares.
FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America. Note: lists as "tetragonioides"
Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
George, A. S., ed. 1980-. Flora of Australia.
Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14 National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
Greuter, W. et al., eds. 1984-. Med-Checklist.
Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
Harling, G. & B. Sparre, eds. 1973-. Flora of Ecuador.
Hokche, O. et al. 2008. Nuevo catálogo de la flora vascular de Venezuela.
Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares.
Iwatsuki, K. et al. 1993-. Flora of Japan.
Liogier, H. A. 1984-. Descriptive flora of Puerto Rico and adjacent islands.
Siemonsma, J. S. & Kasem Piluek, eds. 1993. Vegetables. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 8:269-271. Note: lists as "tetragonioides"
Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark. 1946-1976. Flora of Guatemala.
Steenis, C. G. G. J. van, ed. 1948-. Flora malesiana.
Stevens, W. D. et al., eds. 2001. Flora de Nicaragua. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 85(1-3).
Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition). Note: lists as "tetragonioides"
Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.

Economic Uses

Usage	Type	Note	Reference
Human food	vegetable		Taylor, C. M. 1994. Revision of Tetragonia (Aizoaceae) in South America. Syst. Bot. 19:575-589. www.aspt.net/systematic-botany
Human food	vegetable		Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition). Note: lists as "tetragonioides"
Human food	vegetable		FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America. Note: lists as "tetragonioides"
Medicines	folklore		Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition). Note: lists as "tetragonioides"
Vertebrate poisons	mammals		Lazarides, M. & B. Hince. 1993. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia
Weed		in Queensland	Lazarides, M. & B. Hince. 1993. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia

Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2026. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://npgstest.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=36385. Accessed 17 April 2026.