Taxon:  Antiaris toxicaria (Pers.) Lesch.



Summary
Genus:
Antiaris
Family:
Moraceae
Tribe:
Olmedieae
Nomen number:
3636
Place of publication:
Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 16:478.  1810
Verified:
03/03/2004 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
1 (0  active, 0  available) in National Plant Germplasm System.  (Map it)
Other conspecific taxa
Antiaris toxicaria (Pers.) Lesch. subsp. toxicaria (0 active accession[s])
Antiaris toxicaria (Pers.) Lesch. var. africana Scott Elliot ex A. Chev. (0 active accession[s])
Antiaris toxicaria (Pers.) Lesch. var. toxicaria (0 active accession[s])
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
No images


Conservation Status

Reference(s)
  1. PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
  2. Abbiw, D. K. 1990. Useful plants of Ghana Intermediate Technology Publications & Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  3. Arnold, H. L. 1968. Poisonous plants of Hawaii.
  4. Aubréville, A. et al., eds. 1963-. Flore du Cameroun.
  5. Berg, C. C. 1989. Moraceae. In: Turrill, W. B. et al., eds., Flora of tropical East Africa. 10, 13-15. Note: treats one subsp. with three varieties
  6. Boutelje, J. B. 1980. Encyclopedia of world timbers, names and technical literature
  7. Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959-. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae.
  8. Dai, H.-F. et al. 2009. A new cytotoxic 19-Nor-cardenolide from the latex of Antiaris toxicaria. Molecules 14:3694-3699. DOI: 10.3390/molecules14093694.
  9. Dassanayake, M. D. & F. R. Fosberg, eds. 1980-. A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon.
  10. Exell, A. W. et al., eds. 1960-. Flora zambesiaca.
  11. Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
  12. Hnatiuk, R. J. 1990. Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series No. 11.
  13. Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada
  14. Merrill, E. D. 1922-1926. An enumeration of Philippine flowering plants.
  15. Padua, L. S. de et al., eds. 1999. Medicinal and poisonous plants 1. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 12(1):126-129.
  16. Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
  17. Salomé Abarca, L. F. et al. 2019. Plant latex, from ecological interests to bioactive chemical resources. Pl. Med. (Stuttgart) 85:856-868. DOI: 10.1055/a-0923-8215.
  18. Smith, A. C. 1979-1991. Flora vitiensis nova.
  19. World Agroforestry Centre, ICRAF-SEA. AgroForestry Tree database (on-line resource).
  20. Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
Common names
LanguageNameAlternate namenoteseqCitation
Englishsackingtree  1Padua, L. S. de et al., eds. 1999. Medicinal and poisonous plants 1. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 12(1):126-129.
Englishupastree  1Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada
Chinesejian xue feng hou见血封喉 2Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
Germanjavanischer Giftbaum  2Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
GermanUpasbaum  2Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Spanishupas  2Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Distribution
order_codeStatusContinentSubcontinentCountryStateNoteReference
1NativeAfricaEast Tropical AfricaKenya  Berg, C. C. 1989. Moraceae. In: Turrill, W. B. et al., eds., Flora of tropical East Africa. 10, 13-15. Note: treats one subsp. with three varieties
1NativeAfricaEast Tropical AfricaTanzania  Berg, C. C. 1989. Moraceae. In: Turrill, W. B. et al., eds., Flora of tropical East Africa. 10, 13-15. Note: treats one subsp. with three varieties
1NativeAfricaEast Tropical AfricaUganda  Berg, C. C. 1989. Moraceae. In: Turrill, W. B. et al., eds., Flora of tropical East Africa. 10, 13-15. Note: treats one subsp. with three varieties
1NativeAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaSudan  World Agroforestry Centre, ICRAF-SEA. AgroForestry Tree database (on-line resource).
1NativeAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaAngola   
1NativeAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaZambia  Exell, A. W. et al., eds. 1960-. Flora zambesiaca.
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaBenin   
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaCôte D'Ivoire   
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaGambia   
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaGhana   
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaMali   
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaNigeria  World Agroforestry Centre, ICRAF-SEA. AgroForestry Tree database (on-line resource).
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaSenegal   
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaSierra Leone  World Agroforestry Centre, ICRAF-SEA. AgroForestry Tree database (on-line resource).
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaTogo   
1NativeAfricaWest-Central Tropical AfricaCameroon  Aubréville, A. et al., eds. 1963-. Flore du Cameroun.
1NativeAfricaWest-Central Tropical AfricaCentral African Republic   
1NativeAfricaWest-Central Tropical AfricaDemocratic Republic of the Congo n.e. 
1NativeAfricaWestern Indian OceanMadagascar   
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaGuangdong Sheng Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaGuangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaHainan Sheng Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaYunnan Shengs.Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentIndia   
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentSri Lanka  Dassanayake, M. D. & F. R. Fosberg, eds. 1980-. A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon.
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaCambodia   
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaIndiaAndaman and Nicobar Islands  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaLaos   
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaMyanmar   
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaThailand   
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaVietnam  World Agroforestry Centre, ICRAF-SEA. AgroForestry Tree database (on-line resource).
1NativeAsia-TropicalMalesiaIndonesiaJawa World Agroforestry Centre, ICRAF-SEA. AgroForestry Tree database (on-line resource).
1NativeAsia-TropicalMalesiaIndonesiaKalimantan  
1NativeAsia-TropicalMalesiaIndonesiaSulawesi  
1NativeAsia-TropicalMalesiaIndonesiaSumatera  
1NativeAsia-TropicalMalesiaMalaysia  World Agroforestry Centre, ICRAF-SEA. AgroForestry Tree database (on-line resource).
1NativeAsia-TropicalMalesiaPhilippines  World Agroforestry Centre, ICRAF-SEA. AgroForestry Tree database (on-line resource).
1NativeAustralasiaAustraliaAustraliaNorthern Territory Hnatiuk, R. J. 1990. Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series No. 11.
1NativeAustralasiaAustraliaAustraliaQueensland Hnatiuk, R. J. 1990. Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series No. 11.
1NativePacificSouthwestern PacificFiji  World Agroforestry Centre, ICRAF-SEA. AgroForestry Tree database (on-line resource).
1NativePacificSouthwestern PacificTonga  World Agroforestry Centre, ICRAF-SEA. AgroForestry Tree database (on-line resource).
Native
Africa
  • NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Sudan
  • EAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
  • WEST-CENTRAL TROPICAL AFRICA: Central African Republic, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo (n.e.)
  • WEST TROPICAL AFRICA: Benin, Côte D'Ivoire, Ghana, Gambia, Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo
  • SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA: Angola, Zambia
  • WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN: Madagascar
Asia-Temperate
  • CHINA: China [Guangdong Sheng, Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu, Hainan Sheng, Yunnan Sheng (s.)]
Asia-Tropical
  • INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: India, Sri Lanka
  • INDO-CHINA: India [Andaman and Nicobar Islands], Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam
  • MALESIA: Indonesia [Jawa, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Sumatera], Malaysia, Philippines
Australasia
  • AUSTRALIA: Australia [Queensland, Northern Territory]
Pacific
  • SOUTHWESTERN PACIFIC: Fiji, Tonga

Reference(s)
  1. Aubréville, A. et al., eds. 1963-. Flore du Cameroun.
  2. Berg, C. C. 1989. Moraceae. In: Turrill, W. B. et al., eds., Flora of tropical East Africa. 10, 13-15. Note: treats one subsp. with three varieties
  3. Dassanayake, M. D. & F. R. Fosberg, eds. 1980-. A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon.
  4. Exell, A. W. et al., eds. 1960-. Flora zambesiaca.
  5. Hnatiuk, R. J. 1990. Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series No. 11.
  6. World Agroforestry Centre, ICRAF-SEA. AgroForestry Tree database (on-line resource).
  7. Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
Economic Uses
UsageTypeNoteReference
Human foodfruit World Agroforestry Centre, ICRAF-SEA. AgroForestry Tree database (on-line resource).
Materialslatex/rubber Abbiw, D. K. 1990. Useful plants of Ghana Intermediate Technology Publications & Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Materialswood Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
Medicinesfolklore World Agroforestry Centre, ICRAF-SEA. AgroForestry Tree database (on-line resource).
Medicinessource of pharmaceutical agentpotential, for cardenolidesDai, H.-F. et al. 2009. A new cytotoxic 19-Nor-cardenolide from the latex of Antiaris toxicaria. Molecules 14:3694-3699. DOI: 10.3390/molecules14093694.
Vertebrate poisonsmammals Arnold, H. L. 1968. Poisonous plants of Hawaii.
Vertebrate poisonsmammalsused as dart and arrow poisonPadua, L. S. de et al., eds. 1999. Medicinal and poisonous plants 1. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 12(1):126-129.
Vertebrate poisonsmammalsused as dart and arrow poison throughout SE AsiaDai, H.-F. et al. 2009. A new cytotoxic 19-Nor-cardenolide from the latex of Antiaris toxicaria. Molecules 14:3694-3699. DOI: 10.3390/molecules14093694.
Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2026. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://npgstest.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=3636. Accessed 17 April 2026.