Taxon:  Tagetes minuta L.



Summary
Genus:
Tagetes
Family:
Asteraceae (alt. Compositae)
Subfamily:
Asteroideae
Tribe:
Tageteae
Nomen number:
36201
Place of publication:
Sp. pl. 2:887.  1753
Verified:
03/24/2012 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
4 (1  active, 0  available) in National Plant Germplasm System.  (Map it)
Other conspecific taxa
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Images (1 total. Click on image for more.)
Fruits

Conservation Status

Reference(s)
  1. University of Georgia Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health
  2. Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
  3. Allan, H. H. B. et al. 1961-. Flora of New Zealand.
  4. Angely, J. A. 1965. Flora analitica do Parana.
  5. APHIS. Agricultural Risk Management System United States Department of Agriculture.
  6. Bosser, J. M. et al., eds. 1976-. Flores des Mascareignes.
  7. Botanical Society of the British Isles. BSBI taxon database (on-line resource).
  8. Cabrera, A. L., dir. 1977-. Flora de la provincia de Jujuy, República Argentina.
  9. Correa, M. N. 1969-. Flora patagonica.
  10. Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
  11. Erhardt, W. et al. 2008. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen
  12. Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
  13. Figueiredo, E. & G. F. Smith. 2008. Plants of Angola. Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
  14. FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
  15. Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
  16. Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14 National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
  17. Grierson, A. J. C. & D. J. Long. 1984-. Flora of Bhutan including a record of plants from Sikkim.
  18. Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
  19. Hajra, P. K. et al., eds. 1996-. Materials for the flora of Arunachal Pradesh.
  20. Hansen, A. & P. Sunding. 1993. Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, ed. 4. Sommerfeltia vol. 17.
  21. Hara, H. et al. 1978-1982. An enumeration of the flowering plants of Nepal.
  22. Hedberg, I. & S. Edwards. 1989-. Flora of Ethiopia Note: Eritrea added in 2000
  23. Holm, L. et al. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds
  24. Holm, L. et al. 1997. World weeds: natural histories and distribution John Wiley & Sons, New York, New York. 827.
  25. Hunziker, A. T., dir. 1994-. Flora fanerogámica Argentina.
  26. Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening 4:429.
  27. Hyde, M. et al. Flora of Mozambique (on-line resource).
  28. Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
  29. Iwatsuki, K. et al. 1993-. Flora of Japan.
  30. Jardin botanique national de Belgique. 1967-. Flore du Congo, du Rwanda et du Burundi (Flore d'Afrique centrale).
  31. Jarvis, C. E. & N. J. Turland, eds. 1998. Typification of Linnaean specific and varietal names in the Compositae (Asteraceae). Taxon 47:368. Note: typification
  32. Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez, eds. 1999. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75
  33. Kellerman, T. S. et al. 1988. Plant poisonings and mycotoxicoses of livestock in Southern Africa Note: poisonous
  34. Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
  35. Lampe, K. F. & M. A. McCann. 1985. AMA handbook of poisonous and injurious plants Note: poisonous
  36. Lazarides, M. & B. Hince. 1993. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia
  37. León, B. 1995. pers. comm. Note: re. Quichua (Peru) common names
  38. Leung, A. Y. & S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2
  39. Mabberley, D. J. 1997. The plant-book: a portable dictionary of the vascular plants, ed. 2
  40. Moghaddam, M. et al. 2007. Changes in content and chemical composition of Tagetes minuta oil at various harvest times. J. Essential Oil Res. 19:18-20. DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2007.9699218.
  41. Muñoz Pizarro, C. 1959. Sinopsis de la flora Chilena.
  42. Munz, P. A. & D. D. Keck. 1959. A California flora.
  43. Navas-Bustamante, L. E. 1973-1979. Flora de la cuenca de Santiago de Chile.
  44. Personal Care Products Council. International Nomenclature Cosmetic Ingredient
  45. Press, J. R. et al. 2000-. Annotated checklist of the flowering plants of Nepal (on-line resource)
  46. Radford, A. E. et al., eds. 1980-. Vascular flora of the southeastern United States.
  47. Radford, A. E. et al. 1964. Manual of the vascular flora of the Carolinas.
  48. Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
  49. Seed Regulatory and Testing Division, Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S.D.A. State noxious-weed seed requirements recognized in the administration of the Federal Seed Act (updated annually).
  50. Sharma, B. D. et al., eds. 1993-. Flora of India.
  51. Stewart, R. 1972. An annotated catalogue of the vascular plants of West Pakistan and Kashmir
  52. Thulin, M., ed. 1993-. Flora of Somalia.
  53. Troupin, G. 1978-. Flore du Rwanda.
  54. Turner, B. L. 1996-. The comps of Mexico - a systematic account of the family Asteraceae. Phytologia Memoirs.
  55. Turner, B. L. 1996. The comps of Mexico: a systematic account of the family Asteraceae. Volume 6: Tageteae and Anthemideae. Phytologia Mem. 10:55. Note: mentions as escape
  56. Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952-. Flora of tropical East Africa.
  57. Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
  58. Uphof, J. C. T. 1968. Dictionary of economic plants, ed. 2.
  59. Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds
  60. Wood, J. R. I. 1997. A handbook of the Yemen flora.
  61. Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
  62. Wursten, B. et al. Flora of Zimbabwe (on-line resource).
  63. Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.
Common names
LanguageNameAlternate namenoteseqCitation
EnglishAztec marigold  1Leung, A. Y. & S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2
Englishdwarf marigold  1Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Englishkhakibush  1Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
EnglishMexican marigold  1Wiersema, J. H. & B. León. 1999. World economic plants: a standard reference CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
EnglishMuster John Henry  1Jardin botanique national de Belgique. 1967-. Flore du Congo, du Rwanda et du Burundi (Flore d'Afrique centrale).
Englishsouthern marigold  1Botanical Society of the British Isles. BSBI taxon database (on-line resource).
Englishstinking-Roger  1Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Englishwild marigold  1Seed Regulatory and Testing Division, Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S.D.A. State noxious-weed seed requirements recognized in the administration of the Federal Seed Act (updated annually).
Germanmexikanische Studentenblume  2Erhardt, W. et al. 2008. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen
Japanese Rōmajishiozakisō  2Iwatsuki, K. et al. 1993-. Flora of Japan.
Portuguese (Brazil)coari-bravo  2Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
Portuguese (Brazil)cravo-bravo  2Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
Portuguese (Brazil)cravo-de-defunto  2Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
Portuguese (Brazil)cravo-de-urubú  2Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
Portuguese (Brazil)cravo-do-mato  2Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
Portuguese (Brazil)erva-fedorenta  2Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
Portuguese (Brazil)rabo-de-foguete  2Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
Portuguese (Brazil)vara-de-rojão  2Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
Quichua (Peru)huacatay  2León, B. 1995. pers. comm. Note: re. Quichua (Peru) common names
Spanishchinchilla enana  2Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Swedishstinktagetes  2Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
Distribution
order_codeStatusContinentSubcontinentCountryStateNoteReference
1NativeSouthern AmericaBrazilBrazil  Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.
1NativeSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaArgentinaBuenos Aires Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.
1NativeSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaArgentinaCatamarca Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.
1NativeSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaArgentinaChaco Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.
1NativeSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaArgentinaCórdoba Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.
1NativeSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaArgentinaCorrientes Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.
1NativeSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaArgentinaEntre Ríos Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.
1NativeSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaArgentinaFormosa Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.
1NativeSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaArgentinaJujuy Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.
1NativeSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaArgentinaLa Pampa Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.
1NativeSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaArgentinaLa Rioja Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.
1NativeSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaArgentinaMendoza Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.
1NativeSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaArgentinaMisiones Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.
1NativeSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaArgentinaSalta Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.
1NativeSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaArgentinaSan Juan Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.
1NativeSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaArgentinaSan Luis Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.
1NativeSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaArgentinaSanta Fe Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.
1NativeSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaArgentinaSantiago del Estero Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.
1NativeSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaArgentinaTucumán Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.
1NativeSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaChile  Navas-Bustamante, L. E. 1973-1979. Flora de la cuenca de Santiago de Chile.
1NativeSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaParaguay  Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.
1NativeSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaUruguay  Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.
1NativeSouthern AmericaWestern South AmericaBolivia  Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.
1NativeSouthern AmericaWestern South AmericaEcuadorLoja Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez, eds. 1999. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75
2Cultivated    widely cult.FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
3AdventiveAfricaNorthern AfricaMorocco  Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
3AdventiveAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaIsrael  Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
3AdventiveEuropeMiddle EuropeHungary  Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
3AdventiveEuropeNorthern EuropeNorway  Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
3AdventiveEuropeNorthern EuropeUnited Kingdom  Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
3AdventiveEuropeSoutheastern EuropeCroatia  Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
3AdventiveEuropeSouthwestern EuropeFrance incl. CorsicaEuro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4NaturalizedAfricaEast Tropical AfricaKenya  Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952-. Flora of tropical East Africa.
4NaturalizedAfricaEast Tropical AfricaTanzania  Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952-. Flora of tropical East Africa.
4NaturalizedAfricaEast Tropical AfricaUganda  Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952-. Flora of tropical East Africa.
4NaturalizedAfricaMacaronesiaPortugalAzores Hansen, A. & P. Sunding. 1993. Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, ed. 4. Sommerfeltia vol. 17.
4NaturalizedAfricaMacaronesiaPortugalMadeira Islands Hansen, A. & P. Sunding. 1993. Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, ed. 4. Sommerfeltia vol. 17.
4NaturalizedAfricaMacaronesiaSpainCanarias Hansen, A. & P. Sunding. 1993. Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, ed. 4. Sommerfeltia vol. 17.
4NaturalizedAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaEritrea  Hedberg, I. & S. Edwards. 1989-. Flora of Ethiopia Note: Eritrea added in 2000
4NaturalizedAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaEthiopia  Hedberg, I. & S. Edwards. 1989-. Flora of Ethiopia Note: Eritrea added in 2000
4NaturalizedAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaSomalia  Thulin, M., ed. 1993-. Flora of Somalia.
4NaturalizedAfricaNorthern AfricaEgypt  Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4NaturalizedAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaAngola  Figueiredo, E. & G. F. Smith. 2008. Plants of Angola. Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
4NaturalizedAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaMalawi  Jardin botanique national de Belgique. 1967-. Flore du Congo, du Rwanda et du Burundi (Flore d'Afrique centrale).
4NaturalizedAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaMozambique  Hyde, M. et al. Flora of Mozambique (on-line resource).
4NaturalizedAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaZambia  Jardin botanique national de Belgique. 1967-. Flore du Congo, du Rwanda et du Burundi (Flore d'Afrique centrale).
4NaturalizedAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaZimbabwe  Wursten, B. et al. Flora of Zimbabwe (on-line resource).
4NaturalizedAfricaSouthern AfricaBotswana  Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952-. Flora of tropical East Africa.
4NaturalizedAfricaSouthern AfricaEswatini  Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952-. Flora of tropical East Africa.
4NaturalizedAfricaSouthern AfricaLesotho  Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952-. Flora of tropical East Africa.
4NaturalizedAfricaSouthern AfricaNamibia  Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952-. Flora of tropical East Africa.
4NaturalizedAfricaSouthern AfricaSouth Africa  Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952-. Flora of tropical East Africa.
4NaturalizedAfricaWest-Central Tropical AfricaBurundi  Jardin botanique national de Belgique. 1967-. Flore du Congo, du Rwanda et du Burundi (Flore d'Afrique centrale).
4NaturalizedAfricaWest-Central Tropical AfricaDemocratic Republic of the Congo  Jardin botanique national de Belgique. 1967-. Flore du Congo, du Rwanda et du Burundi (Flore d'Afrique centrale).
4NaturalizedAfricaWest-Central Tropical AfricaRwanda  Jardin botanique national de Belgique. 1967-. Flore du Congo, du Rwanda et du Burundi (Flore d'Afrique centrale).
4NaturalizedAfricaWestern Indian OceanMadagascar  Holm, L. et al. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateArabian PeninsulaYemen  Wood, J. R. I. 1997. A handbook of the Yemen flora.
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateCaucasusArmenia  Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateCaucasusGeorgia  Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateEastern AsiaJapan  Iwatsuki, K. et al. 1993-. Flora of Japan.
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateEastern AsiaTaiwan  Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaCyprus  Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaLebanon  Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaSyria  Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaTurkey  Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4NaturalizedAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentBhutan  Grierson, A. J. C. & D. J. Long. 1984-. Flora of Bhutan including a record of plants from Sikkim.
4NaturalizedAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentIndia  Hajra, P. K. et al., eds. 1996-. Materials for the flora of Arunachal Pradesh.
4NaturalizedAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentNepal  Hara, H. et al. 1978-1982. An enumeration of the flowering plants of Nepal.
4NaturalizedAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaThailand  Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4NaturalizedAustralasiaAustraliaAustralia  Lazarides, M. & B. Hince. 1993. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia
4NaturalizedAustralasiaNew ZealandNew Zealand  Holm, L. et al. 1997. World weeds: natural histories and distribution John Wiley & Sons, New York, New York. 827.
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeAlbania  Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeBosnia and Herzegovina  Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeGreece incl. CreteEuro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeItaly incl. SicilyEuro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeMontenegro  Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeNorth Macedonia  Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeSlovenia  Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4NaturalizedEuropeSouthwestern EuropeSpain incl. BalearesEuro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesConnecticut FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesMassachusetts FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesPennsylvania FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNorthern MexicoMexicoSonora Turner, B. L. 1996-. The comps of Mexico - a systematic account of the family Asteraceae. Phytologia Memoirs.
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesAlabama FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesFlorida FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesGeorgia FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesMaryland FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesNorth Carolina FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesSouth Carolina FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesVirginia FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSouthwestern U.S.A.United StatesCalifornia FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
4NaturalizedPacificNorth-Central PacificUnited StatesHawaii Holm, L. et al. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds
Native
Southern America
  • BRAZIL: Brazil
  • WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA: Bolivia, Ecuador [Loja]
  • SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina [Córdoba, Mendoza, Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chaco, Corrientes, Entre Ríos, Formosa, Jujuy, La Pampa, La Rioja, Misiones, Salta, San Juan, San Luis, Santa Fe, Santiago del Estero, Tucumán], Chile, Paraguay, Uruguay
Cultivated (widely cult.)
Adventive
Africa
  • NORTHERN AFRICA: Morocco
Asia-Temperate
  • WESTERN ASIA: Israel
Europe
  • NORTHERN EUROPE: United Kingdom, Norway
  • MIDDLE EUROPE: Hungary
  • SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Croatia
  • SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: France (incl. Corsica)
Naturalized
Africa
  • MACARONESIA: Spain [Canarias], Portugal [Azores, Madeira Islands]
  • NORTHERN AFRICA: Egypt
  • NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia
  • EAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
  • WEST-CENTRAL TROPICAL AFRICA: Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda
  • SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA: Angola, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe
  • SOUTHERN AFRICA: Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, Eswatini, South Africa
  • WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN: Madagascar
Asia-Temperate
  • ARABIAN PENINSULA: Yemen
  • WESTERN ASIA: Cyprus, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey
  • CAUCASUS: Armenia, Georgia
  • EASTERN ASIA: Japan, Taiwan
Asia-Tropical
  • INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: Bhutan, India, Nepal
  • INDO-CHINA: Thailand
Australasia
  • AUSTRALIA: Australia
  • NEW ZEALAND: New Zealand
Europe
  • SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Greece (incl. Crete), Italy (incl. Sicily), North Macedonia, Montenegro, Slovenia
  • SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: Spain (incl. Baleares)
Northern America
  • NORTHEASTERN U.S.A.: United States [Connecticut, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania]
  • SOUTHEASTERN U.S.A.: United States [Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia]
  • SOUTHWESTERN U.S.A.: United States [California]
  • NORTHERN MEXICO: Mexico [Sonora]
Pacific
  • NORTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC: United States [Hawaii]

Reference(s)
  1. Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
  2. Figueiredo, E. & G. F. Smith. 2008. Plants of Angola. Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
  3. FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
  4. Grierson, A. J. C. & D. J. Long. 1984-. Flora of Bhutan including a record of plants from Sikkim.
  5. Hajra, P. K. et al., eds. 1996-. Materials for the flora of Arunachal Pradesh.
  6. Hansen, A. & P. Sunding. 1993. Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, ed. 4. Sommerfeltia vol. 17.
  7. Hara, H. et al. 1978-1982. An enumeration of the flowering plants of Nepal.
  8. Hedberg, I. & S. Edwards. 1989-. Flora of Ethiopia Note: Eritrea added in 2000
  9. Holm, L. et al. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds
  10. Holm, L. et al. 1997. World weeds: natural histories and distribution John Wiley & Sons, New York, New York. 827.
  11. Hyde, M. et al. Flora of Mozambique (on-line resource).
  12. Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
  13. Iwatsuki, K. et al. 1993-. Flora of Japan.
  14. Jardin botanique national de Belgique. 1967-. Flore du Congo, du Rwanda et du Burundi (Flore d'Afrique centrale).
  15. Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez, eds. 1999. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75
  16. Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
  17. Lazarides, M. & B. Hince. 1993. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia
  18. Navas-Bustamante, L. E. 1973-1979. Flora de la cuenca de Santiago de Chile.
  19. Thulin, M., ed. 1993-. Flora of Somalia.
  20. Turner, B. L. 1996-. The comps of Mexico - a systematic account of the family Asteraceae. Phytologia Memoirs.
  21. Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952-. Flora of tropical East Africa.
  22. Wood, J. R. I. 1997. A handbook of the Yemen flora.
  23. Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
  24. Wursten, B. et al. Flora of Zimbabwe (on-line resource).
  25. Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.
Economic Uses
UsageTypeNoteReference
Environmentalornamental Wursten, B. et al. Flora of Zimbabwe (on-line resource).
Environmentalornamental Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds
Food additivesflavoring Leung, A. Y. & S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2
Harmful organism hostcrop diseases Holm, L. et al. 1997. World weeds: natural histories and distribution John Wiley & Sons, New York, New York. 827.
Materialsessential oilsin perfumeryLeung, A. Y. & S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2
Materialsessential oilsin perfumery and flavor industriesMoghaddam, M. et al. 2007. Changes in content and chemical composition of Tagetes minuta oil at various harvest times. J. Essential Oil Res. 19:18-20. DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2007.9699218.
Medicinesfolklore Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
Non-vertebrate poisonsplant pest control Mabberley, D. J. 1997. The plant-book: a portable dictionary of the vascular plants, ed. 2
Non-vertebrate poisonsweed controlwhen intercropped with other cropsHuxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening 4:429.
Vertebrate poisonsmammalsto humans or livestockKellerman, T. S. et al. 1988. Plant poisonings and mycotoxicoses of livestock in Southern Africa Note: poisonous
Vertebrate poisonsmammalsto humans or livestockLampe, K. F. & M. A. McCann. 1985. AMA handbook of poisonous and injurious plants Note: poisonous
Weedseed contaminantpotentialHolm, L. et al. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds
Weedseed contaminantpotentialWeber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds
Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2026. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://npgstest.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=36201. Accessed 15 April 2026.