Taxon: Sida spinosa L.

Summary

Genus:

Sida

Family:

Malvaceae

Subfamily:

Malvoideae

Tribe:

Malveae

Nomen number:

33903

Place of publication:

Sp. pl. 2:683. 1753

Typification:

View in Linnean Typification Project

Verified:

05/20/1992 ARS Systematic Botanists.

Accessions:

2 (1 active, 0 available) in National Plant Germplasm System. (Map it)

Other conspecific taxa

Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations

Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Sida alba L.
Sida angustifolia Mill.

Images (1 total. Click on image for more.)

Links

Seeds or fruits – Seed ID Workshop image, from Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio State University

Conservation Status

Reference(s)

Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & M. T. Strong. Flora of the West Indies (on-line resource).
APHIS. Agricultural Risk Management System United States Department of Agriculture.
Borssum Waalkes, J. v. 1966. Malesian Malvaceae revised. Blumea 14:191-192.
Botanical Society of the British Isles. BSBI taxon database (on-line resource).
Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. 1993. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45
Correll, D. S. & M. C. Johnston. 1970. Manual of the vascular plants of Texas
Dassanayake, M. D. & F. R. Fosberg, eds. 1980-. A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon.
Davidse, G. et al., eds. 1994. Flora mesoamericana.
Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
Fryxell, P. A. 1985. Sidus sidarum: 5. The North and Central American species of Sida. Sida 11:75-76.
Funk, V. et al. 2007. Checklist of the plants of the Guiana Shield (Venezuela: Amazonas, Bolivar, Delta Amacuro; Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana). Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 55:1-584.
Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14 National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
Ghazanfar, S. A. 2003-. Flora of Oman
Gleason, H. A. & A. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada, ed. 2
Grierson, A. J. C. & D. J. Long. 1984-. Flora of Bhutan including a record of plants from Sikkim.
Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
Hnatiuk, R. J. 1990. Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series No. 11.
Holm, L. et al. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds
Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares.
Iwatsuki, K. et al. 1993-. Flora of Japan.
Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez, eds. 1999. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75
Kartesz, J. T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland.
Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
Kress, W. J. et al. 2003. A checklist of the trees, shrubs, herbs, and climbers of Myanmar. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 45
Lazarides, M. & B. Hince. 1993. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia
McVaugh, R. 1983-. Flora Novo-Galiciana.
Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970-. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963-. Flora iranica.
Rzedowski, J. & G. Rzedowski, eds. 1991-. Flora del Bajio y de regiones adyacentes.
Scoggan, H. J. 1978-1979. The flora of Canada, 4 vol.
Terrell, E. E. et al. 1986. Agricultural Handbook no. 505
Weakley, A. S. 2011. Flora of the southern and middle Atlantic states.
Yatskievych, G. Missouri Botanical Garden research: flora of Missouri (on-line resource).
Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.

Common names

Language	Name	seq	Citation
English	prickly sida	1	Terrell, E. E. et al. 1986. Agricultural Handbook no. 505
English	prickly-mallow	1	Botanical Society of the British Isles. BSBI taxon database (on-line resource).
English	spiny sida	1	Lazarides, M. & B. Hince. 1993. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia
Portuguese (Brazil)	guanchuma	2	Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
Portuguese (Brazil)	guaxima	2	Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
Portuguese (Brazil)	relógio	2	Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
Portuguese (Brazil)	vassourinha-de-relógio	2	Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
Spanish	popotalagua	2	McVaugh, R. 1983-. Flora Novo-Galiciana.
Spanish	quesillo	2	McVaugh, R. 1983-. Flora Novo-Galiciana.

Distribution

order_code	Status	Continent	Subcontinent	Country	State	Reference
1	Native	Africa	East Tropical Africa	Uganda		Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & South African National Biodiversity Institute. African flowering plants database (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	Northeast Tropical Africa	Chad		Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & South African National Biodiversity Institute. African flowering plants database (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	Northeast Tropical Africa	Eritrea		Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & South African National Biodiversity Institute. African flowering plants database (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	Northeast Tropical Africa	Ethiopia		Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & South African National Biodiversity Institute. African flowering plants database (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	Northeast Tropical Africa	Somalia		Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & South African National Biodiversity Institute. African flowering plants database (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	Northeast Tropical Africa	Sudan		Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & South African National Biodiversity Institute. African flowering plants database (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	South Tropical Africa	Angola		Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & South African National Biodiversity Institute. African flowering plants database (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	South Tropical Africa	Mozambique		Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & South African National Biodiversity Institute. African flowering plants database (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	South Tropical Africa	Zambia		Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & South African National Biodiversity Institute. African flowering plants database (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	South Tropical Africa	Zimbabwe		Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & South African National Biodiversity Institute. African flowering plants database (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	Southern Africa	South Africa	Free State	Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & South African National Biodiversity Institute. African flowering plants database (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	Southern Africa	South Africa	Gauteng	Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & South African National Biodiversity Institute. African flowering plants database (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	Southern Africa	South Africa	KwaZulu-Natal	Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & South African National Biodiversity Institute. African flowering plants database (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	Southern Africa	South Africa	Mpumalanga	Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & South African National Biodiversity Institute. African flowering plants database (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	Southern Africa	South Africa	North-West	Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & South African National Biodiversity Institute. African flowering plants database (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Burkina Faso		Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & South African National Biodiversity Institute. African flowering plants database (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Gambia		Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & South African National Biodiversity Institute. African flowering plants database (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Mali		Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & South African National Biodiversity Institute. African flowering plants database (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Mauritania		Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & South African National Biodiversity Institute. African flowering plants database (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Nigeria		Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & South African National Biodiversity Institute. African flowering plants database (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Senegal		Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & South African National Biodiversity Institute. African flowering plants database (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Sierra Leone		Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & South African National Biodiversity Institute. African flowering plants database (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	West-Central Tropical Africa	Burundi		Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & South African National Biodiversity Institute. African flowering plants database (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	West-Central Tropical Africa	Congo		Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & South African National Biodiversity Institute. African flowering plants database (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	West-Central Tropical Africa	Democratic Republic of the Congo		Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & South African National Biodiversity Institute. African flowering plants database (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	West-Central Tropical Africa	Equatorial Guinea	Bioko	Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & South African National Biodiversity Institute. African flowering plants database (on-line resource).
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	Sri Lanka		Dassanayake, M. D. & F. R. Fosberg, eds. 1980-. A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon.
1	Native	Australasia	Australia	Australia	New South Wales	Hnatiuk, R. J. 1990. Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series No. 11.
1	Native	Australasia	Australia	Australia	Northern Territory	Hnatiuk, R. J. 1990. Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series No. 11.
1	Native	Australasia	Australia	Australia	Queensland	Hnatiuk, R. J. 1990. Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series No. 11.
1	Native	Australasia	Australia	Australia	Western Australia	Hnatiuk, R. J. 1990. Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series No. 11.
1	Native	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	West Virginia	Weakley, A. S. 2011. Flora of the southern and middle Atlantic states.
1	Native	Northern America	Northern Mexico	Mexico	Coahuila de Zaragoza	Rzedowski, J. & G. Rzedowski, eds. 1991-. Flora del Bajio y de regiones adyacentes.
1	Native	Northern America	Northern Mexico	Mexico	Nuevo León	Rzedowski, J. & G. Rzedowski, eds. 1991-. Flora del Bajio y de regiones adyacentes.
1	Native	Northern America	Northern Mexico	Mexico	Sonora	Rzedowski, J. & G. Rzedowski, eds. 1991-. Flora del Bajio y de regiones adyacentes.
1	Native	Northern America	Northern Mexico	Mexico	Tamaulipas	Rzedowski, J. & G. Rzedowski, eds. 1991-. Flora del Bajio y de regiones adyacentes.
1	Native	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Delaware	Weakley, A. S. 2011. Flora of the southern and middle Atlantic states.
1	Native	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Florida	Weakley, A. S. 2011. Flora of the southern and middle Atlantic states.
1	Native	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Georgia	Weakley, A. S. 2011. Flora of the southern and middle Atlantic states.
1	Native	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	North Carolina	Weakley, A. S. 2011. Flora of the southern and middle Atlantic states.
1	Native	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	South Carolina	Weakley, A. S. 2011. Flora of the southern and middle Atlantic states.
1	Native	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Virginia	Weakley, A. S. 2011. Flora of the southern and middle Atlantic states.
1	Native	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Campeche	Davidse, G. et al., eds. 1994. Flora mesoamericana.
1	Native	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Chiapas	Davidse, G. et al., eds. 1994. Flora mesoamericana.
1	Native	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Guanajuato	Rzedowski, J. & G. Rzedowski, eds. 1991-. Flora del Bajio y de regiones adyacentes.
1	Native	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Guerrero	Rzedowski, J. & G. Rzedowski, eds. 1991-. Flora del Bajio y de regiones adyacentes.
1	Native	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Hidalgo	Rzedowski, J. & G. Rzedowski, eds. 1991-. Flora del Bajio y de regiones adyacentes.
1	Native	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Jalisco	McVaugh, R. 1983-. Flora Novo-Galiciana.
1	Native	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Michoacán de Ocampo	Rzedowski, J. & G. Rzedowski, eds. 1991-. Flora del Bajio y de regiones adyacentes.
1	Native	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Morelos	Rzedowski, J. & G. Rzedowski, eds. 1991-. Flora del Bajio y de regiones adyacentes.
1	Native	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Oaxaca	McVaugh, R. 1983-. Flora Novo-Galiciana.
1	Native	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Puebla	Rzedowski, J. & G. Rzedowski, eds. 1991-. Flora del Bajio y de regiones adyacentes.
1	Native	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Quintana Roo	Davidse, G. et al., eds. 1994. Flora mesoamericana.
1	Native	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Tabasco	McVaugh, R. 1983-. Flora Novo-Galiciana.
1	Native	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave	McVaugh, R. 1983-. Flora Novo-Galiciana.
1	Native	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Yucatán	McVaugh, R. 1983-. Flora Novo-Galiciana.
1	Native	Southern America	Brazil	Brazil	Paraná	Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares.
1	Native	Southern America	Brazil	Brazil	Rio Grande do Sul	Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares.
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Anguilla		Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & M. T. Strong. Flora of the West Indies (on-line resource).
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Antigua and Barbuda		Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & M. T. Strong. Flora of the West Indies (on-line resource).
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Bahamas		Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & M. T. Strong. Flora of the West Indies (on-line resource).
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Barbados		Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & M. T. Strong. Flora of the West Indies (on-line resource).
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Cayman Islands		Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & M. T. Strong. Flora of the West Indies (on-line resource).
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Cuba		Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & M. T. Strong. Flora of the West Indies (on-line resource).
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Grenada		Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & M. T. Strong. Flora of the West Indies (on-line resource).
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Hispaniola		Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & M. T. Strong. Flora of the West Indies (on-line resource).
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Jamaica		Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & M. T. Strong. Flora of the West Indies (on-line resource).
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Martinique		Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & M. T. Strong. Flora of the West Indies (on-line resource).
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	St. Lucia		Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & M. T. Strong. Flora of the West Indies (on-line resource).
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	United States	Puerto Rico	Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & M. T. Strong. Flora of the West Indies (on-line resource).
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	United States	Virgin Islands, U.S.	Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & M. T. Strong. Flora of the West Indies (on-line resource).
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Virgin Islands (British)		Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & M. T. Strong. Flora of the West Indies (on-line resource).
1	Native	Southern America	Central America	Costa Rica		Davidse, G. et al., eds. 1994. Flora mesoamericana.
1	Native	Southern America	Central America	El Salvador		Davidse, G. et al., eds. 1994. Flora mesoamericana.
1	Native	Southern America	Central America	Guatemala		Davidse, G. et al., eds. 1994. Flora mesoamericana.
1	Native	Southern America	Central America	Honduras		Davidse, G. et al., eds. 1994. Flora mesoamericana.
1	Native	Southern America	Central America	Nicaragua		Davidse, G. et al., eds. 1994. Flora mesoamericana.
1	Native	Southern America	Central America	Panama		Davidse, G. et al., eds. 1994. Flora mesoamericana.
1	Native	Southern America	Northern South America	French Guiana		Funk, V. et al. 2007. Checklist of the plants of the Guiana Shield (Venezuela: Amazonas, Bolivar, Delta Amacuro; Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana). Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 55:1-584.
1	Native	Southern America	Northern South America	Guyana		Funk, V. et al. 2007. Checklist of the plants of the Guiana Shield (Venezuela: Amazonas, Bolivar, Delta Amacuro; Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana). Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 55:1-584.
1	Native	Southern America	Southern South America	Argentina	Buenos Aires	Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares.
1	Native	Southern America	Southern South America	Argentina	Catamarca	Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares.
1	Native	Southern America	Southern South America	Argentina	Chaco	Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares.
1	Native	Southern America	Southern South America	Argentina	Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires	Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares.
1	Native	Southern America	Southern South America	Argentina	Córdoba	Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares.
1	Native	Southern America	Southern South America	Argentina	Corrientes	Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares.
1	Native	Southern America	Southern South America	Argentina	Entre Ríos	Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares.
1	Native	Southern America	Southern South America	Argentina	Formosa	Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares.
1	Native	Southern America	Southern South America	Argentina	Jujuy	Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares.
1	Native	Southern America	Southern South America	Argentina	La Rioja	Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares.
1	Native	Southern America	Southern South America	Argentina	Mendoza	Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares.
1	Native	Southern America	Southern South America	Argentina	Misiones	Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares.
1	Native	Southern America	Southern South America	Chile		Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares.
1	Native	Southern America	Southern South America	Paraguay	Alto Paraguay	Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares.
1	Native	Southern America	Southern South America	Paraguay	Cordillera	Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares.
1	Native	Southern America	Southern South America	Paraguay	Guairá	Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares.
1	Native	Southern America	Southern South America	Paraguay	Presidente Hayes	Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares.
1	Native	Southern America	Southern South America	Uruguay	Canelones	Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares.
1	Native	Southern America	Southern South America	Uruguay	Montevideo	Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares.
1	Native	Southern America	Western South America	Bolivia		Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares.
1	Native	Southern America	Western South America	Ecuador	Galápagos	Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez, eds. 1999. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75
1	Native	Southern America	Western South America	Ecuador	Guayas	Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez, eds. 1999. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75
1	Native	Southern America	Western South America	Ecuador	Imbabura	Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez, eds. 1999. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75
1	Native	Southern America	Western South America	Ecuador	Loja	Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez, eds. 1999. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75
1	Native	Southern America	Western South America	Ecuador	Pichincha	Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez, eds. 1999. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75
1	Native	Southern America	Western South America	Peru	Amazonas	Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. 1993. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45
1	Native	Southern America	Western South America	Peru	Apurímac	Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. 1993. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45
1	Native	Southern America	Western South America	Peru	Cajamarca	Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. 1993. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45
1	Native	Southern America	Western South America	Peru	Cusco	Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. 1993. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45
1	Native	Southern America	Western South America	Peru	Huancavelica	Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. 1993. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45
1	Native	Southern America	Western South America	Peru	Huánuco	Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. 1993. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45
1	Native	Southern America	Western South America	Peru	Ica	Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. 1993. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45
1	Native	Southern America	Western South America	Peru	La Libertad	Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. 1993. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45
1	Native	Southern America	Western South America	Peru	Lambayeque	Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. 1993. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45
1	Native	Southern America	Western South America	Peru	Lima	Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. 1993. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45
1	Native	Southern America	Western South America	Peru	Moquegua	Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. 1993. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45
1	Native	Southern America	Western South America	Peru	San Martín	Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. 1993. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45
3	Adventive	Europe	Southwestern Europe	France		Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
3	Adventive	Europe	Southwestern Europe	Spain		Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	Northern Africa	Egypt		Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	Arabian Peninsula	Oman		Ghazanfar, S. A. 2003-. Flora of Oman
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	Arabian Peninsula	Saudi Arabia		Migahid, A. M. 1988-1990. Flora of Saudi Arabia, ed. 3.
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	Arabian Peninsula	United Arab Emirates		Ghazanfar, S. A. 2003-. Flora of Oman
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	Arabian Peninsula	Yemen		Ghazanfar, S. A. 2003-. Flora of Oman
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	Caucasus	Georgia		Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	Eastern Asia	Japan		Iwatsuki, K. et al. 1993-. Flora of Japan.
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Iran		Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963-. Flora iranica.
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	Bhutan		Grierson, A. J. C. & D. J. Long. 1984-. Flora of Bhutan including a record of plants from Sikkim.
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	India		Botanical Survey of India. 1978-. Fascicles of flora of India.
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	Pakistan		Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970-. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Indo-China	Myanmar		Kress, W. J. et al. 2003. A checklist of the trees, shrubs, herbs, and climbers of Myanmar. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 45
4	Naturalized	Europe	Eastern Europe	Lithuania		Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Europe	Eastern Europe	Moldova		Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Europe	Middle Europe	Czech Republic		Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Eastern Canada	Canada	Ontario	Scoggan, H. J. 1978-1979. The flora of Canada, 4 vol.
4	Naturalized	Northern America	North-Central U.S.A.	United States	Missouri	Yatskievych, G. Missouri Botanical Garden research: flora of Missouri (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Pacific	North-Central Pacific	United States	Hawaii	Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Pacific	Northwestern Pacific	Micronesia		Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Pacific	Northwestern Pacific	United States	Northern Mariana Islands	Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Pacific	South-Central Pacific	French Polynesia		Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Pacific	Southwestern Pacific	Nauru		Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Pacific	Southwestern Pacific	New Caledonia		Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Pacific	Southwestern Pacific	Tonga		Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).

Native
Africa

NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan, Somalia, Chad
EAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Uganda
WEST-CENTRAL TROPICAL AFRICA: Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Congo, Equatorial Guinea [Bioko]
WEST TROPICAL AFRICA: Burkina Faso, Gambia, Mali, Mauritania, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone
SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA: Angola, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe
SOUTHERN AFRICA: South Africa [Free State, Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Mpumalanga, North-West]

Asia-Tropical

INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: Sri Lanka

Australasia

AUSTRALIA: Australia [New South Wales, Queensland, Western Australia, Northern Territory]

Northern America

NORTHEASTERN U.S.A.: United States [West Virginia]
SOUTHEASTERN U.S.A.: United States [Delaware, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia]
NORTHERN MEXICO: Mexico [Coahuila de Zaragoza, Nuevo León, Sonora, Tamaulipas]
SOUTHERN MEXICO: Mexico [Campeche, Chiapas, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Michoacán de Ocampo, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla, Quintana Roo, Tabasco, Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave, Yucatán]

Southern America

CARIBBEAN: Hispaniola, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Cuba, Cayman Islands, Grenada, Jamaica, St. Lucia, Martinique, United States [Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, U.S.], Virgin Islands (British)
CENTRAL AMERICA: Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, El Salvador
NORTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: French Guiana, Guyana
BRAZIL: Brazil [Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul]
WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA: Bolivia, Ecuador [Galápagos, Guayas, Imbabura, Loja, Pichincha], Peru [Amazonas, Apurímac, Cajamarca, Cusco, Huancavelica, Huánuco, Ica, La Libertad, Lambayeque, Lima, Moquegua, San Martín]
SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina [Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chaco, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Córdoba, Corrientes, Entre Ríos, Formosa, Jujuy, La Rioja, Mendoza, Misiones], Chile, Paraguay [Alto Paraguay, Cordillera, Guairá, Presidente Hayes], Uruguay [Canelones, Montevideo]

Adventive
Europe

SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: Spain, France

Naturalized
Africa

NORTHERN AFRICA: Egypt

Asia-Temperate

ARABIAN PENINSULA: United Arab Emirates, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen
WESTERN ASIA: Iran
CAUCASUS: Georgia
EASTERN ASIA: Japan

Asia-Tropical

INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: Bhutan, India, Pakistan
INDO-CHINA: Myanmar

Europe

MIDDLE EUROPE: Czech Republic
EASTERN EUROPE: Lithuania, Moldova

Northern America

EASTERN CANADA: Canada [Ontario]
NORTH-CENTRAL U.S.A.: United States [Missouri]

Pacific

NORTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC: United States [Hawaii]
NORTHWESTERN PACIFIC: Micronesia, United States [Northern Mariana Islands]
SOUTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC: French Polynesia
SOUTHWESTERN PACIFIC: New Caledonia, Nauru, Tonga

Reference(s)

Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & M. T. Strong. Flora of the West Indies (on-line resource).
Botanical Survey of India. 1978-. Fascicles of flora of India.
Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. 1993. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45
Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & South African National Biodiversity Institute. African flowering plants database (on-line resource).
Dassanayake, M. D. & F. R. Fosberg, eds. 1980-. A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon.
Davidse, G. et al., eds. 1994. Flora mesoamericana.
Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
Funk, V. et al. 2007. Checklist of the plants of the Guiana Shield (Venezuela: Amazonas, Bolivar, Delta Amacuro; Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana). Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 55:1-584.
Ghazanfar, S. A. 2003-. Flora of Oman
Grierson, A. J. C. & D. J. Long. 1984-. Flora of Bhutan including a record of plants from Sikkim.
Hnatiuk, R. J. 1990. Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series No. 11.
Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares.
Iwatsuki, K. et al. 1993-. Flora of Japan.
Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez, eds. 1999. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75
Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
Kress, W. J. et al. 2003. A checklist of the trees, shrubs, herbs, and climbers of Myanmar. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 45
McVaugh, R. 1983-. Flora Novo-Galiciana.
Migahid, A. M. 1988-1990. Flora of Saudi Arabia, ed. 3.
Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970-. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963-. Flora iranica.
Rzedowski, J. & G. Rzedowski, eds. 1991-. Flora del Bajio y de regiones adyacentes.
Scoggan, H. J. 1978-1979. The flora of Canada, 4 vol.
Weakley, A. S. 2011. Flora of the southern and middle Atlantic states.
Yatskievych, G. Missouri Botanical Garden research: flora of Missouri (on-line resource).

Economic Uses

Usage	Type	Note	Reference
Weed	seed contaminant	potential	Holm, L. et al. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds

Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2026. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://npgstest.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=33903. Accessed 12 May 2026.