Taxon: Sida rhombifolia L.

Summary

Genus:

Sida

Family:

Malvaceae

Subfamily:

Malvoideae

Tribe:

Malveae

Nomen number:

33900

Place of publication:

Sp. pl. 2:684. 1753

Protologue link:

https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/358705

Typification:

View in Linnean Typification Project

Verified:

05/15/1992 ARS Systematic Botanists.

Accessions:

3 (1 active, 0 available) in National Plant Germplasm System. (Map it)

Other conspecific taxa

Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations

Autonym(s)
Sida rhombifolia L. subsp. rhombifolia
Sida rhombifolia L. var. rhombifolia

Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Sida microphylla Cav.

Images (2 total. Click on image for more.)

Links

Seeds or fruits – Seed ID Workshop image, from Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio State University

Conservation Status

Reference(s)

Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. et al. 1996. Flora of St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 78:1-581. Note: mentions
Adams, C. 1972. Flowering plants of Jamaica
Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
Allan, H. H. B. et al. 1961-. Flora of New Zealand.
APHIS. Agricultural Risk Management System United States Department of Agriculture.
Balick, M. J. et al. 2000. Checklist of the vascular plants of Belize, with common names and uses. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 85
Borssum Waalkes, J. v. 1966. Malesian Malvaceae revised. Blumea 14:193-199.
Bosser, J. M. et al., eds. 1976-. Flores des Mascareignes.
Boulos, L. 1999-. Flora of Egypt
Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. 1993. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45
Cabrera, A. L., ed. 1965-1970. Flora de la provincia de Buenos Aires.
Correll, D. S. & H. B. Correll. 1982. Flora of the Bahama archipelago.
Correll, D. S. & M. C. Johnston. 1970. Manual of the vascular plants of Texas
Dassanayake, M. D. & F. R. Fosberg, eds. 1980-. A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon.
Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
Erhardt, W. et al. 2008. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen
Exell, A. W. et al., eds. 1960-. Flora zambesiaca.
Facciola, S. 1990. Cornucopia, a source book of edible plants Kampong Publications.
Figueiredo, E. & G. F. Smith. 2008. Plants of Angola. Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
Foreman, D. B. & N. G. Walsh. 1993-. Flora of Victoria.
Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
Fosberg, F. R. et al. 1979-1982. Geographical checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae/ Pteridophyta and Gymnospermae.
Fryxell, P. A. 1985. Sidus sidarum: 5. The North and Central American species of Sida. Sida 11:88.
Fryxell, P. A. 1988. Malvaceae of Mexico. Syst. Bot. Monogr. 25:403-405.
Funk, V. et al. 2007. Checklist of the plants of the Guiana Shield (Venezuela: Amazonas, Bolivar, Delta Amacuro; Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana). Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 55:1-584.
Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14 National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
Greuter, W. et al., eds. 1984-. Med-Checklist.
Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
Hammel, B. E. et al., eds. 2003-. Manual de plantas de Costa Rica
Hansen, A. & P. Sunding. 1993. Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, ed. 4. Sommerfeltia vol. 17.
Hara, H. et al. 1978-1982. An enumeration of the flowering plants of Nepal.
Harling, G. & B. Sparre, eds. 1973-. Flora of Ecuador.
Hedberg, I. & S. Edwards. 1989-. Flora of Ethiopia Note: Eritrea added in 2000
Hnatiuk, R. J. 1990. Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series No. 11.
Holm, L. et al. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds
Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
Humbert, J.-H., ed. 1936-. Flore de Madagascar et des Comores.
Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
Jardín Botánico Nacional. 1998-. Flora de la República de Cuba
Kartesz, J. T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland.
Kartesz, J. T. 2011. North American plant atlas. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP)
Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
Lazarides, M. & B. Hince. 1993. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia
Liogier, H. A. 1981-. Flora of Hispaniola: Part 1; La Flora de la Española. Part II-.
Liogier, H. A. 1984-. Descriptive flora of Puerto Rico and adjacent islands.
Macbride, J. F. et al., eds. 1936-. Flora of Peru Note: 1936-1971; new ser. 1980-
McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
McVaugh, R. 1983-. Flora Novo-Galiciana.
Merrill, E. D. 1922-1926. An enumeration of Philippine flowering plants.
Nelson, C. H. N. 2008. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Honduras Note: Secretaría de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
Parham, J. W. 1972. Plants of the Fiji islands, revised ed. 173.
Parsons, W. T. & E. G. Cuthbertson. 1992. Noxious weeds of Australia Inkata Press, Melbourne, Australia.
Personal Care Products Council. International Nomenclature Cosmetic Ingredient
Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
Radford, A. E. et al. 1964. Manual of the vascular flora of the Carolinas.
Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Robyns, W. et al., eds. 1948-1963. Flore du Congo belge et du Ruanda-Urundi
Sharma, B. D. et al., eds. 1993-. Flora of India.
Sivarajan, V. V. & A. K. Pradeep. 1994. Taxonomy of the Sida rhombifolia (Malvaceae) complex in India. Sida 16:71.
Smith, A. C. 1979-1991. Flora vitiensis nova.
Soerjani, M. et al., eds. 1987. Weeds of rice in Indonesia.
Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark. 1946-1976. Flora of Guatemala.
Stevens, W. D. et al., eds. 2001. Flora de Nicaragua. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 85(1-3).
Steyermark, J. A. et al., eds. 1995-. Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana. Note: Missouri Botanical Garden & Timber Press
Terrell, E. E. et al. 1986. Agricultural Handbook no. 505
Thulin, M., ed. 1993-. Flora of Somalia. Note: mentions
Troupin, G. 1978-. Flore du Rwanda.
Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952-. Flora of tropical East Africa.
Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
Wagner, W. L. et al. 1990. Manual of the flowering plants of Hawai'i
Wood, J. R. I. 1997. A handbook of the Yemen flora.
Woodson, R. E. & R. W. Schery, eds. 1943-1980. Flora of Panama.
Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.

Common names

Language	Name	seq	Citation
English	arrowleaf sida	1	Terrell, E. E. et al. 1986. Agricultural Handbook no. 505
English	broomjue sida	1	Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
English	common sida	1	Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
English	Cuban-jute	1	Terrell, E. E. et al. 1986. Agricultural Handbook no. 505
English	paddy-lucerne	1	Parsons, W. T. & E. G. Cuthbertson. 1992. Noxious weeds of Australia Inkata Press, Melbourne, Australia.
English	Queensland-hemp	1	Parsons, W. T. & E. G. Cuthbertson. 1992. Noxious weeds of Australia Inkata Press, Melbourne, Australia.
English	sida-retusa	1	Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
English	sidaweed	1	Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
English	teaweed	1	Facciola, S. 1990. Cornucopia, a source book of edible plants Kampong Publications.
French	faux thé	2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
German	Kubajute	2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Portuguese	chá-bravo	2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Portuguese (Brazil)	malva-preta	2	Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
Portuguese (Brazil)	relógio	2	Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
Portuguese (Brazil)	vassourinha	2	Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
Portuguese (Brazil)	vassourinha-relógio	2	Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
Spanish	axpcatzín	2	McVaugh, R. 1983-. Flora Novo-Galiciana.
Spanish	escoba	2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Spanish	escobilla	2	McVaugh, R. 1983-. Flora Novo-Galiciana.
Spanish	escobita ceniza	2	McVaugh, R. 1983-. Flora Novo-Galiciana.
Spanish	malva prieta	2	McVaugh, R. 1983-. Flora Novo-Galiciana.
Spanish (Mexico)	huinar	2	McVaugh, R. 1983-. Flora Novo-Galiciana.
Spanish (Mexico)	popotalagua	2	McVaugh, R. 1983-. Flora Novo-Galiciana.
Swedish	smalmalva	2	Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)

Distribution

order_code	Status	Continent	Subcontinent	Country	State	Note	Reference
1	Native	Africa	East Tropical Africa	Kenya			Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952-. Flora of tropical East Africa.
1	Native	Africa	East Tropical Africa	Tanzania			Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952-. Flora of tropical East Africa.
1	Native	Africa	East Tropical Africa	Uganda			Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952-. Flora of tropical East Africa.
1	Native	Africa	Macaronesia	Cabo Verde			Hansen, A. & P. Sunding. 1993. Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, ed. 4. Sommerfeltia vol. 17.
1	Native	Africa	Northeast Tropical Africa	Eritrea			Hedberg, I. & S. Edwards. 1989-. Flora of Ethiopia Note: Eritrea added in 2000
1	Native	Africa	Northeast Tropical Africa	Ethiopia			Hedberg, I. & S. Edwards. 1989-. Flora of Ethiopia Note: Eritrea added in 2000
1	Native	Africa	Northeast Tropical Africa	Sudan			Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952-. Flora of tropical East Africa.
1	Native	Africa	South Tropical Africa	Angola			Figueiredo, E. & G. F. Smith. 2008. Plants of Angola. Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
1	Native	Africa	South Tropical Africa	Malawi			Exell, A. W. et al., eds. 1960-. Flora zambesiaca.
1	Native	Africa	South Tropical Africa	Mozambique			Exell, A. W. et al., eds. 1960-. Flora zambesiaca.
1	Native	Africa	South Tropical Africa	Zambia			Exell, A. W. et al., eds. 1960-. Flora zambesiaca.
1	Native	Africa	South Tropical Africa	Zimbabwe			Exell, A. W. et al., eds. 1960-. Flora zambesiaca.
1	Native	Africa	Southern Africa	Botswana			Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14 National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
1	Native	Africa	Southern Africa	Eswatini			Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14 National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
1	Native	Africa	Southern Africa	Lesotho			Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14 National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
1	Native	Africa	Southern Africa	South Africa	Eastern Cape		Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14 National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
1	Native	Africa	Southern Africa	South Africa	Free State		Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14 National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
1	Native	Africa	Southern Africa	South Africa	Gauteng		Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14 National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
1	Native	Africa	Southern Africa	South Africa	KwaZulu-Natal		Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14 National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
1	Native	Africa	Southern Africa	South Africa	Limpopo		Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14 National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
1	Native	Africa	Southern Africa	South Africa	Mpumalanga		Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14 National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
1	Native	Africa	Southern Africa	South Africa	Northern Cape		Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14 National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
1	Native	Africa	Southern Africa	South Africa	North-West		Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14 National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
1	Native	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Ghana			Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
1	Native	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Guinea			Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
1	Native	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Liberia			Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
1	Native	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Niger			Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
1	Native	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Nigeria			Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
1	Native	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Sierra Leone			Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
1	Native	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Togo			Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
1	Native	Africa	West-Central Tropical Africa	Cameroon			Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
1	Native	Africa	West-Central Tropical Africa	Democratic Republic of the Congo			Robyns, W. et al., eds. 1948-1963. Flore du Congo belge et du Ruanda-Urundi
1	Native	Africa	West-Central Tropical Africa	Equatorial Guinea			Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
1	Native	Africa	West-Central Tropical Africa	Rwanda			Troupin, G. 1978-. Flore du Rwanda.
1	Native	Africa	Western Indian Ocean	Madagascar			Humbert, J.-H., ed. 1936-. Flore de Madagascar et des Comores.
1	Native	Africa	Western Indian Ocean	Mauritius			Bosser, J. M. et al., eds. 1976-. Flores des Mascareignes.
1	Native	Africa	Western Indian Ocean	Reunion			Bosser, J. M. et al., eds. 1976-. Flores des Mascareignes.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Arabian Peninsula	Yemen			Wood, J. R. I. 1997. A handbook of the Yemen flora.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Fujian Sheng		Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Guangdong Sheng		Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu		Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Guizhou Sheng		Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Hainan Sheng		Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Hubei Sheng		Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Sichuan Sheng		Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Yunnan Sheng		Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Eastern Asia	Taiwan			Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Egypt	Sinai		Boulos, L. 1999-. Flora of Egypt
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	Bhutan			Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	India			Sharma, B. D. et al., eds. 1993-. Flora of India.
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	Nepal			Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	Sri Lanka			Dassanayake, M. D. & F. R. Fosberg, eds. 1980-. A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon.
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indo-China	Cambodia			Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indo-China	Laos			Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indo-China	Thailand			Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indo-China	Vietnam			Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Malesia	Indonesia			Soerjani, M. et al., eds. 1987. Weeds of rice in Indonesia.
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Malesia	Malaysia			Borssum Waalkes, J. v. 1966. Malesian Malvaceae revised. Blumea 14:193-199.
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Malesia	Philippines			Merrill, E. D. 1922-1926. An enumeration of Philippine flowering plants.
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Papuasia	Papua New Guinea			Borssum Waalkes, J. v. 1966. Malesian Malvaceae revised. Blumea 14:193-199.
1	Native	Northern America	North-Central U.S.A.	United States	Kansas		Kartesz, J. T. 2011. North American plant atlas. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP)
1	Native	Northern America	North-Central U.S.A.	United States	Oklahoma		Kartesz, J. T. 2011. North American plant atlas. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP)
1	Native	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	New Jersey		Kartesz, J. T. 2011. North American plant atlas. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP)
1	Native	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	Pennsylvania		Kartesz, J. T. 2011. North American plant atlas. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP)
1	Native	Northern America	Northern Mexico	Mexico	Baja		Fryxell, P. A. 1988. Malvaceae of Mexico. Syst. Bot. Monogr. 25:403-405.
1	Native	Northern America	Northern Mexico	Mexico	Chihuahua		Fryxell, P. A. 1988. Malvaceae of Mexico. Syst. Bot. Monogr. 25:403-405.
1	Native	Northern America	Northern Mexico	Mexico	Durango		Fryxell, P. A. 1988. Malvaceae of Mexico. Syst. Bot. Monogr. 25:403-405.
1	Native	Northern America	Northern Mexico	Mexico	Nuevo León		Fryxell, P. A. 1988. Malvaceae of Mexico. Syst. Bot. Monogr. 25:403-405.
1	Native	Northern America	Northern Mexico	Mexico	San Luis Potosí		Fryxell, P. A. 1988. Malvaceae of Mexico. Syst. Bot. Monogr. 25:403-405.
1	Native	Northern America	Northern Mexico	Mexico	Sinaloa		Fryxell, P. A. 1988. Malvaceae of Mexico. Syst. Bot. Monogr. 25:403-405.
1	Native	Northern America	Northern Mexico	Mexico	Sonora		Fryxell, P. A. 1988. Malvaceae of Mexico. Syst. Bot. Monogr. 25:403-405.
1	Native	Northern America	Northern Mexico	Mexico	Tamaulipas		Fryxell, P. A. 1988. Malvaceae of Mexico. Syst. Bot. Monogr. 25:403-405.
1	Native	Northern America	Northern Mexico	Mexico	Zacatecas		Fryxell, P. A. 1988. Malvaceae of Mexico. Syst. Bot. Monogr. 25:403-405.
1	Native	Northern America	South-Central U.S.A.	United States	Texas		Kartesz, J. T. 2011. North American plant atlas. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP)
1	Native	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Alabama		Kartesz, J. T. 2011. North American plant atlas. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP)
1	Native	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Arkansas		Kartesz, J. T. 2011. North American plant atlas. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP)
1	Native	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Florida		Kartesz, J. T. 2011. North American plant atlas. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP)
1	Native	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Georgia		Kartesz, J. T. 2011. North American plant atlas. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP)
1	Native	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Kentucky		Kartesz, J. T. 2011. North American plant atlas. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP)
1	Native	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Louisiana		Kartesz, J. T. 2011. North American plant atlas. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP)
1	Native	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Maryland		Kartesz, J. T. 2011. North American plant atlas. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP)
1	Native	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Mississippi		Kartesz, J. T. 2011. North American plant atlas. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP)
1	Native	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	North Carolina		Kartesz, J. T. 2011. North American plant atlas. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP)
1	Native	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	South Carolina		Kartesz, J. T. 2011. North American plant atlas. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP)
1	Native	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Tennessee		Kartesz, J. T. 2011. North American plant atlas. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP)
1	Native	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Virginia		Kartesz, J. T. 2011. North American plant atlas. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP)
1	Native	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Chiapas		Fryxell, P. A. 1988. Malvaceae of Mexico. Syst. Bot. Monogr. 25:403-405.
1	Native	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Ciudad de México		Fryxell, P. A. 1988. Malvaceae of Mexico. Syst. Bot. Monogr. 25:403-405.
1	Native	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Colima		Fryxell, P. A. 1988. Malvaceae of Mexico. Syst. Bot. Monogr. 25:403-405.
1	Native	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Guanajuato		Fryxell, P. A. 1988. Malvaceae of Mexico. Syst. Bot. Monogr. 25:403-405.
1	Native	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Guerrero		Fryxell, P. A. 1988. Malvaceae of Mexico. Syst. Bot. Monogr. 25:403-405.
1	Native	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Hidalgo		Fryxell, P. A. 1988. Malvaceae of Mexico. Syst. Bot. Monogr. 25:403-405.
1	Native	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Jalisco		Fryxell, P. A. 1988. Malvaceae of Mexico. Syst. Bot. Monogr. 25:403-405.
1	Native	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	México		Fryxell, P. A. 1988. Malvaceae of Mexico. Syst. Bot. Monogr. 25:403-405.
1	Native	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Michoacán de Ocampo		Fryxell, P. A. 1988. Malvaceae of Mexico. Syst. Bot. Monogr. 25:403-405.
1	Native	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Morelos		Fryxell, P. A. 1988. Malvaceae of Mexico. Syst. Bot. Monogr. 25:403-405.
1	Native	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Nayarit		Fryxell, P. A. 1988. Malvaceae of Mexico. Syst. Bot. Monogr. 25:403-405.
1	Native	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Oaxaca		Fryxell, P. A. 1988. Malvaceae of Mexico. Syst. Bot. Monogr. 25:403-405.
1	Native	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Puebla		Fryxell, P. A. 1988. Malvaceae of Mexico. Syst. Bot. Monogr. 25:403-405.
1	Native	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Querétaro		Fryxell, P. A. 1988. Malvaceae of Mexico. Syst. Bot. Monogr. 25:403-405.
1	Native	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Tabasco		Fryxell, P. A. 1988. Malvaceae of Mexico. Syst. Bot. Monogr. 25:403-405.
1	Native	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave		Fryxell, P. A. 1988. Malvaceae of Mexico. Syst. Bot. Monogr. 25:403-405.
1	Native	Northern America	Southwestern U.S.A.	United States	Arizona		Kartesz, J. T. 2011. North American plant atlas. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP)
1	Native	Northern America	Southwestern U.S.A.	United States	California		Kartesz, J. T. 2011. North American plant atlas. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP)
1	Native	Southern America	Brazil	Brazil			Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Antigua and Barbuda			Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Bahamas			Correll, D. S. & H. B. Correll. 1982. Flora of the Bahama archipelago.
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Barbados			Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Cuba			Jardín Botánico Nacional. 1998-. Flora de la República de Cuba
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Dominican Republic			Liogier, H. A. 1981-. Flora of Hispaniola: Part 1; La Flora de la Española. Part II-.
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Guadeloupe			Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Haiti			Liogier, H. A. 1981-. Flora of Hispaniola: Part 1; La Flora de la Española. Part II-.
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Jamaica			Adams, C. 1972. Flowering plants of Jamaica
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Martinique			Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Netherlands Antilles			Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	St. Kitts and Nevis			Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	St. Lucia			Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	St. Vincent and Grenadines			Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	United States	Puerto Rico		Liogier, H. A. 1984-. Descriptive flora of Puerto Rico and adjacent islands.
1	Native	Southern America	Central America	Belize			Balick, M. J. et al. 2000. Checklist of the vascular plants of Belize, with common names and uses. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 85
1	Native	Southern America	Central America	Costa Rica			Hammel, B. E. et al., eds. 2003-. Manual de plantas de Costa Rica
1	Native	Southern America	Central America	El Salvador			Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark. 1946-1976. Flora of Guatemala.
1	Native	Southern America	Central America	Guatemala			Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark. 1946-1976. Flora of Guatemala.
1	Native	Southern America	Central America	Honduras			Nelson, C. H. N. 2008. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Honduras Note: Secretaría de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
1	Native	Southern America	Central America	Nicaragua			Stevens, W. D. et al., eds. 2001. Flora de Nicaragua. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 85(1-3).
1	Native	Southern America	Central America	Panama			Woodson, R. E. & R. W. Schery, eds. 1943-1980. Flora of Panama.
1	Native	Southern America	Northern South America	French Guiana			Funk, V. et al. 2007. Checklist of the plants of the Guiana Shield (Venezuela: Amazonas, Bolivar, Delta Amacuro; Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana). Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 55:1-584.
1	Native	Southern America	Northern South America	Guyana			Funk, V. et al. 2007. Checklist of the plants of the Guiana Shield (Venezuela: Amazonas, Bolivar, Delta Amacuro; Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana). Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 55:1-584.
1	Native	Southern America	Northern South America	Suriname			Funk, V. et al. 2007. Checklist of the plants of the Guiana Shield (Venezuela: Amazonas, Bolivar, Delta Amacuro; Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana). Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 55:1-584.
1	Native	Southern America	Northern South America	Venezuela			Steyermark, J. A. et al., eds. 1995-. Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana. Note: Missouri Botanical Garden & Timber Press
1	Native	Southern America	Southern South America	Argentina			Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.
1	Native	Southern America	Southern South America	Paraguay			Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.
1	Native	Southern America	Southern South America	Uruguay			Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.
1	Native	Southern America	Western South America	Bolivia			Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.
1	Native	Southern America	Western South America	Ecuador			Harling, G. & B. Sparre, eds. 1973-. Flora of Ecuador.
1	Native	Southern America	Western South America	Peru			Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. 1993. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45
3	Adventive	Europe	Southwestern Europe	France			Greuter, W. et al., eds. 1984-. Med-Checklist.
3	Adventive	Europe	Southwestern Europe	Spain			Greuter, W. et al., eds. 1984-. Med-Checklist.
4	Naturalized	Africa	Macaronesia	Portugal	Azores		Hansen, A. & P. Sunding. 1993. Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, ed. 4. Sommerfeltia vol. 17.
4	Naturalized	Africa	Macaronesia	Portugal	Madeira Islands		Hansen, A. & P. Sunding. 1993. Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, ed. 4. Sommerfeltia vol. 17.
4	Naturalized	Africa	Macaronesia	Spain	Canarias		Hansen, A. & P. Sunding. 1993. Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, ed. 4. Sommerfeltia vol. 17.
4	Naturalized	Australasia	Australia	Australia	New South Wales		Foreman, D. B. & N. G. Walsh. 1993-. Flora of Victoria.
4	Naturalized	Australasia	Australia	Australia	Northern Territory		Foreman, D. B. & N. G. Walsh. 1993-. Flora of Victoria.
4	Naturalized	Australasia	Australia	Australia	Queensland		Foreman, D. B. & N. G. Walsh. 1993-. Flora of Victoria.
4	Naturalized	Australasia	Australia	Australia	Victoria		Foreman, D. B. & N. G. Walsh. 1993-. Flora of Victoria.
4	Naturalized	Australasia	Australia	Australia	Western Australia		Foreman, D. B. & N. G. Walsh. 1993-. Flora of Victoria.
4	Naturalized	Australasia	New Zealand	New Zealand	North Island		Allan, H. H. B. et al. 1961-. Flora of New Zealand.
4	Naturalized	Europe	Southwestern Europe	Portugal			Greuter, W. et al., eds. 1984-. Med-Checklist.
4	Naturalized	Pacific	North-Central Pacific	United States	Hawaii		Wagner, W. L. et al. 1990. Manual of the flowering plants of Hawai'i
4	Naturalized	Pacific	Northwestern Pacific	Marshall Islands			Fosberg, F. R. et al. 1979-1982. Geographical checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae/ Pteridophyta and Gymnospermae.
4	Naturalized	Pacific	Northwestern Pacific	Micronesia			Fosberg, F. R. et al. 1979-1982. Geographical checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae/ Pteridophyta and Gymnospermae.
4	Naturalized	Pacific	Northwestern Pacific	United States	Guam		Fosberg, F. R. et al. 1979-1982. Geographical checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae/ Pteridophyta and Gymnospermae.
4	Naturalized	Pacific	Northwestern Pacific	United States	Northern Mariana Islands		Fosberg, F. R. et al. 1979-1982. Geographical checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae/ Pteridophyta and Gymnospermae.
4	Naturalized	Pacific	Southwestern Pacific	Fiji			Smith, A. C. 1979-1991. Flora vitiensis nova.
6	Other					exact native range obscure

Native
Africa

MACARONESIA: Cabo Verde
NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan
EAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
WEST-CENTRAL TROPICAL AFRICA: Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Rwanda
WEST TROPICAL AFRICA: Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Niger, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Togo
SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA: Angola, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe
SOUTHERN AFRICA: Botswana, Lesotho, Eswatini, South Africa [Eastern Cape, Free State, Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo, Mpumalanga, Northern Cape, North-West]
WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN: Madagascar, Mauritius, Reunion

Asia-Temperate

ARABIAN PENINSULA: Yemen
WESTERN ASIA: Egypt [Sinai]
CHINA: China [Fujian Sheng, Guangdong Sheng, Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu, Guizhou Sheng, Hainan Sheng, Hubei Sheng, Sichuan Sheng, Yunnan Sheng]
EASTERN ASIA: Taiwan

Asia-Tropical

INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: Bhutan, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal
PAPUASIA: Papua New Guinea
INDO-CHINA: Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam
MALESIA: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines

Northern America

NORTHEASTERN U.S.A.: United States [New Jersey, Pennsylvania]
NORTH-CENTRAL U.S.A.: United States [Kansas, Oklahoma]
SOUTHEASTERN U.S.A.: United States [Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia]
SOUTH-CENTRAL U.S.A.: United States [Texas]
SOUTHWESTERN U.S.A.: United States [Arizona, California]
NORTHERN MEXICO: Mexico [Baja, Chihuahua, Durango, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas]
SOUTHERN MEXICO: Mexico [Chiapas, Ciudad de México, Colima, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, México, Michoacán de Ocampo, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Querétaro, Tabasco, Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave]

Southern America

CARIBBEAN: Netherlands Antilles, Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Jamaica, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, Martinique, United States [Puerto Rico], St. Vincent and Grenadines
CENTRAL AMERICA: Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, El Salvador
NORTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela
BRAZIL: Brazil
WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA: Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru
SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay

Adventive
Europe

SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: Spain, France

Naturalized
Africa

MACARONESIA: Spain [Canarias], Portugal [Azores, Madeira Islands]

Australasia

AUSTRALIA: Australia [New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, Western Australia, Northern Territory]
NEW ZEALAND: New Zealand [North Island]

Europe

SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: Portugal

Pacific

NORTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC: United States [Hawaii]
NORTHWESTERN PACIFIC: Micronesia, Marshall Islands, United States [Guam, Northern Mariana Islands]
SOUTHWESTERN PACIFIC: Fiji

Other (exact native range obscure)

Reference(s)

Adams, C. 1972. Flowering plants of Jamaica
Allan, H. H. B. et al. 1961-. Flora of New Zealand.
Balick, M. J. et al. 2000. Checklist of the vascular plants of Belize, with common names and uses. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 85
Borssum Waalkes, J. v. 1966. Malesian Malvaceae revised. Blumea 14:193-199.
Bosser, J. M. et al., eds. 1976-. Flores des Mascareignes.
Boulos, L. 1999-. Flora of Egypt
Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. 1993. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45
Correll, D. S. & H. B. Correll. 1982. Flora of the Bahama archipelago.
Dassanayake, M. D. & F. R. Fosberg, eds. 1980-. A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon.
Exell, A. W. et al., eds. 1960-. Flora zambesiaca.
Figueiredo, E. & G. F. Smith. 2008. Plants of Angola. Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
Foreman, D. B. & N. G. Walsh. 1993-. Flora of Victoria.
Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
Fosberg, F. R. et al. 1979-1982. Geographical checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae/ Pteridophyta and Gymnospermae.
Fryxell, P. A. 1988. Malvaceae of Mexico. Syst. Bot. Monogr. 25:403-405.
Funk, V. et al. 2007. Checklist of the plants of the Guiana Shield (Venezuela: Amazonas, Bolivar, Delta Amacuro; Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana). Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 55:1-584.
Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14 National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
Greuter, W. et al., eds. 1984-. Med-Checklist.
Hammel, B. E. et al., eds. 2003-. Manual de plantas de Costa Rica
Hansen, A. & P. Sunding. 1993. Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, ed. 4. Sommerfeltia vol. 17.
Harling, G. & B. Sparre, eds. 1973-. Flora of Ecuador.
Hedberg, I. & S. Edwards. 1989-. Flora of Ethiopia Note: Eritrea added in 2000
Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
Humbert, J.-H., ed. 1936-. Flore de Madagascar et des Comores.
Jardín Botánico Nacional. 1998-. Flora de la República de Cuba
Kartesz, J. T. 2011. North American plant atlas. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP)
Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
Liogier, H. A. 1981-. Flora of Hispaniola: Part 1; La Flora de la Española. Part II-.
Liogier, H. A. 1984-. Descriptive flora of Puerto Rico and adjacent islands.
Merrill, E. D. 1922-1926. An enumeration of Philippine flowering plants.
Nelson, C. H. N. 2008. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Honduras Note: Secretaría de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
Robyns, W. et al., eds. 1948-1963. Flore du Congo belge et du Ruanda-Urundi
Sharma, B. D. et al., eds. 1993-. Flora of India.
Smith, A. C. 1979-1991. Flora vitiensis nova.
Soerjani, M. et al., eds. 1987. Weeds of rice in Indonesia.
Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark. 1946-1976. Flora of Guatemala.
Stevens, W. D. et al., eds. 2001. Flora de Nicaragua. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 85(1-3).
Steyermark, J. A. et al., eds. 1995-. Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana. Note: Missouri Botanical Garden & Timber Press
Troupin, G. 1978-. Flore du Rwanda.
Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952-. Flora of tropical East Africa.
Wagner, W. L. et al. 1990. Manual of the flowering plants of Hawai'i
Wood, J. R. I. 1997. A handbook of the Yemen flora.
Woodson, R. E. & R. W. Schery, eds. 1943-1980. Flora of Panama.
Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.

Economic Uses

Usage	Type	Note	Reference
Materials	fiber	cultivated in India	Soerjani, M. et al., eds. 1987. Weeds of rice in Indonesia.
Medicines	folklore		Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
Medicines	folklore		McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
Vertebrate poisons	mammals		Lazarides, M. & B. Hince. 1993. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia
Weed	seed contaminant	potential	Parsons, W. T. & E. G. Cuthbertson. 1992. Noxious weeds of Australia Inkata Press, Melbourne, Australia.

Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2026. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://npgstest.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=33900. Accessed 12 May 2026.