Taxon: Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv.

Summary

Genus:

Setaria

Family:

Poaceae (alt. Gramineae)

Subfamily:

Panicoideae

Tribe:

Paniceae

Subtribe:

Cenchrinae

Nomen number:

33853

Place of publication:

Ess. Agrostogr. 51, 171, 178, t. 13, fig. 3. 1812

Protologue link:

https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/394257

Comment:

combination made in index

Verified:

02/05/2003 ARS Systematic Botanists.

Accessions:

89 (77 active, 75 available) in National Plant Germplasm System. (Map it)

Other conspecific taxa

Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv. var. major Gray (3 active accession[s])
Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv. var. viridis (2 active accession[s])

Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations

Basionym
Panicum viride L.

Homotypic Synonym(s)
Chaetochloa viridis (L.) Scribn.
Chamaeraphis viridis (L.) Millsp.
Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv. subsp. viridis (L.) Thell.

Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Panicum pachystachys Franch. & Sav.
Setaria pachystachys (Franch. & Sav.) Matsum.
Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv. subsp. pachystachys (Franch. & Sav.) Masam. & Yanagita

No images

Conservation Status

Reference(s)

University of Georgia Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health
Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource) Note: = Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv. subsp. viridis (L.) Thell.
Ali, S. I. & S. M. H. Jafri, eds. 1976-. Flora of Libya.
APHIS. Agricultural Risk Management System United States Department of Agriculture.
Benabdelmouna, A. et al. 2001. Phylogenetic and genomic relationships in Setaria italica and its close relatives based on the molecular diversity and chromosomal organization of 5S and 18S-5.8S-25S rDNA genes. Theor. Appl. Genet. 103:668-677. Note: supports conspecific relationship with Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.
Boulos, L. 1995. Flora of Egypt checklist.
Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959-. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae.
CIBA-GEIGY, Basel, Switzerland. Documenta CIBA-GEIGY (Grass weeds 1. 1980, 2. 1981; Monocot weeds 3. 1982; Dicot weeds 1. 1988) Note: four books on weeds worldwide in scope
Coelho, C. et al. 2017. Setaria viridis as a model for C4 photosynthesis. In: Doust, A. & X. Xianmin, Genetics and genomics of Setaria. Plant genetics and genomics: Crops and models 19 17:291-300. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45105-3_17.
Darbyshire, S. J. 2003. Inventory of Canadian Agricultural Weeds Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 48.
Dávila, P. et al. 2018. Conocimiento taxonómico de la familia Poaceae en México . Bot. Sci. 96:510. DOI: 10.1729/botsci.1894. Note: introduced
Davis, P. H., ed. 1965-1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). Note: with two subspecies
FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
Fukunaga, K. 2017. Genetic differentiation and crop evolution of foxtail millet. In: Doust, A. & X. Xianmin, Genetics and genomics of Setaria. Plant genetics and genomics: Crops and models 19 17:115-131. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45105-3_7.
Grubben, G. J. H. & Soetjipto Partohardjono, eds. 1996. Cereals. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 10:129. Note: = Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.
Hara, H. et al. 1978-1982. An enumeration of the flowering plants of Nepal.
Hitchcock, A. S. 1950. Manual of the grasses of the United States, ed. 2.
Holm, L. et al. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds
Huang, P. & M. Feldman. 2017. Genetic diversity and geographic distribution of North American Setaria viridis populations. In: Doust, A. & X. Xianmin, Genetics and genomics of Setaria. Plant genetics and genomics: Crops and models 19 3:45-59. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45105-3_3.
Huang, P. et al. 2016. Setaria viridis as a model system to advance millet genetics and genomics. Front. Plant Sci. 7:1781. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01781.
Jahandiez, E. & R. Maire. 1931-1941. Catalogue des plantes du Maroc.
Kharkevich, S. S., ed. 1985. Vascular plants of the Russian Far East. Note: also cited as "Vascular plants of the Soviet Far East", and "Sosud. Rast. Sovet. Dal'nego Vostoka"
Koyama, T. 1987. Grasses of Japan and its neighboring regions
Krasnoborov, I. M., ed. 2000-. Flora of Siberia (English translation)
Layton, D. J. & E. A. Kellogg. 2014. Morphological, phylogenetic, and ecological diversity of the new model species Setaria viridis (Poaceae: Paniceae) and its close relatives. Amer. J. Bot. 101:539-557.
Li, Y. et al. 1998. Intraspecific and interspecific variation in Setaria revealed by RAPD analysis. Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 45:279-285. Note: supports conspecific relationship with Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.
Liang, Y. & Y. Han. 2023. Pan-genome brings opportunities to revitalize the ancient crop foxtail millet. Plant Communic. 5:100735. DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100735. Note: Indian Cajanus cajan cv. 'Asha' accession ICPL 87119 was used to generate and assembled a draft 605.78 Mb genome sequence
Mamidi, S. et al. 2020. A genome resource for green millet Setaria viridis enables discovery of agronomically valuable loci. Nat. Biotechnol. 38:1203-1210. DOI: 10.1038/s41587-020-0681-2.
Morrone, O. et al. 2014. Revision of the Old World species of Setaria (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) . Syst. Bot. Monogr. 96:132-137. Note: polymorphic, annual species
Oseland, E. et al. 2020. Examination of commercially available bird feed for weed seed contaminants. Invasive Pl. Sci. Managm. 13:14-22. DOI: 10.1017/inp.2020.2.
Pensiero, J. F. 1999. Las especies sudamericanas del género Setaria (Poaceae, Paniceae). Darwiniana 37:117-118. Note: annual weedy species, widely distributed in temperate areas and introduced in South America
Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource). Note: = Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv. subsp. viridis (L.) Thell.
Prasada Rao, K. E. et al. 1987. Infraspecific variation and systematics of cultivated Setaria italica, foxtail millet (Poaceae). Econ. Bot. 41:108-116. Note: = Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv. subsp. viridis (L.) Thell.
Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963-. Flora iranica.
Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Shukla, U. 1996. Grasses of north-eastern India
Skvortsov, A. K., ed. 2006. Flora of the Lower Volga region 1:132-133.
Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966-. Flora of Iraq.
Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1980. Flora europaea. 5:263-264.
Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR
Veldkamp, J. F. 1994. Miscellaneous notes on southeast Asian Gramineae: 9. Setaria and Paspalidium. Blumea 39:383.
Wang, R.-L. et al. 1995. Weedy adaptation in Setaria spp. I. Isozyme analysis of genetic diversity and population genetic structure in Setaria viridis. Amer. J. Bot. 82:308-317. Note: supports conspecific relationship with Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.
Wang, Z. M. et al. 1998. Construction of RFLP-based maps of foxtail millet, Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv. Theor. Appl. Genet. 96:31-36. Note: supports conspecific relationship with Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.
Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
Zuloaga, F. O. et al. 2003. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): III. Subfamilies Panicoideae, Aristidoideae, Arundinoideae, and Danthonioideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 46:591.
2018. Mid-Atlantic invasive plant species (on-line resource)

Common names

Language	Name	note	seq	Citation
English	green bristle grass		1	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
English	green foxtail	as Setaria italica subsp. viridis	1	Wiersema, J. H. & B. León. 1999. World economic plants: a standard reference CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. Note: as Setaria italica subsp. viridis
English	green foxtail millet		1	Pensiero, J. F. 1999. Las especies sudamericanas del género Setaria (Poaceae, Paniceae). Darwiniana 37:117-118. Note: annual weedy species, widely distributed in temperate areas and introduced in South America
English	wild foxtail millet		1	Pensiero, J. F. 1999. Las especies sudamericanas del género Setaria (Poaceae, Paniceae). Darwiniana 37:117-118. Note: annual weedy species, widely distributed in temperate areas and introduced in South America
English (Canada)	green foxtail	Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada official name	2	Darbyshire, S. J. 2003. Inventory of Canadian Agricultural Weeds Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 48.
French	sétaire verte		2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
French (Canada)	sétaire verte	Agriculture & Agroalimentaire Canada nom officiel	2	Darbyshire, S. J. 2003. Inventory of Canadian Agricultural Weeds Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 48.
German	grüne Borstenhirse		2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Portuguese	milha-verde		2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Portuguese (Brazil)	capim-verde		2	Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: accepts; re. Brazilian common names
Portuguese (Brazil)	setária-verde		2	Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: accepts; re. Brazilian common names
Spanish	almorejo		2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Swedish	kavelhirs	as Setaria italica subsp. viridis	2	Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource) Note: = Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv. subsp. viridis (L.) Thell.

Distribution

order_code	Status	Continent	Subcontinent	Country	State	Note	Reference
1	Native	Africa	Macaronesia	Portugal	Madeira Islands		Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). Note: with two subspecies
1	Native	Africa	Macaronesia	Spain	Canarias		Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). Note: with two subspecies
1	Native	Africa	Northern Africa	Algeria			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). Note: with two subspecies
1	Native	Africa	Northern Africa	Egypt			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). Note: with two subspecies
1	Native	Africa	Northern Africa	Libya			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). Note: with two subspecies
1	Native	Africa	Northern Africa	Morocco			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). Note: with two subspecies
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Caucasus	Armenia			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). Note: with two subspecies
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Caucasus	Azerbaijan			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). Note: with two subspecies
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Caucasus	Georgia			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). Note: with two subspecies
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Caucasus	Russian Federation	Dagestan		Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). Note: with two subspecies
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Caucasus	Russian Federation-Ciscaucasia	Ciscaucasia		Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). Note: with two subspecies
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China			Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Eastern Asia	Japan			Koyama, T. 1987. Grasses of Japan and its neighboring regions
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Eastern Asia	Taiwan			Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Middle Asia	Kazakhstan			Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Middle Asia	Kyrgyzstan			Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Middle Asia	Tajikistan			Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Middle Asia	Turkmenistan			Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Middle Asia	Uzbekistan			Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Mongolia	Mongolia
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Russian Far East	Russian Federation-Far East	Far East		Kharkevich, S. S., ed. 1985. Vascular plants of the Russian Far East. Note: also cited as "Vascular plants of the Soviet Far East", and "Sosud. Rast. Sovet. Dal'nego Vostoka"
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Siberia	Russian Federation-Eastern Siberia	Eastern Siberia		Krasnoborov, I. M., ed. 2000-. Flora of Siberia (English translation)
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Siberia	Russian Federation-Western Siberia	Western Siberia		Krasnoborov, I. M., ed. 2000-. Flora of Siberia (English translation)
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Afghanistan			Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963-. Flora iranica.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Cyprus			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). Note: with two subspecies
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Egypt	Sinai		Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). Note: with two subspecies
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Iran			Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963-. Flora iranica.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Iraq			Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966-. Flora of Iraq.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Lebanon			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). Note: with two subspecies
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Syria			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). Note: with two subspecies
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Turkey			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). Note: with two subspecies
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	India		n.e.	Shukla, U. 1996. Grasses of north-eastern India
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	Nepal			Hara, H. et al. 1978-1982. An enumeration of the flowering plants of Nepal.
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	Pakistan			Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963-. Flora iranica.
1	Native	Europe	Eastern Europe	Estonia			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). Note: with two subspecies
1	Native	Europe	Eastern Europe	Lithuania			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). Note: with two subspecies
1	Native	Europe	Eastern Europe	Moldova			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). Note: with two subspecies
1	Native	Europe	Eastern Europe	Russian Federation	Astrakhan		Skvortsov, A. K., ed. 2006. Flora of the Lower Volga region 1:132-133.
1	Native	Europe	Eastern Europe	Russian Federation	Kalmykija, Respublika		Skvortsov, A. K., ed. 2006. Flora of the Lower Volga region 1:132-133.
1	Native	Europe	Eastern Europe	Russian Federation	Saratov		Skvortsov, A. K., ed. 2006. Flora of the Lower Volga region 1:132-133.
1	Native	Europe	Eastern Europe	Russian Federation	Volgogradskaja oblast'		Skvortsov, A. K., ed. 2006. Flora of the Lower Volga region 1:132-133.
1	Native	Europe	Eastern Europe	Ukraine		incl. Krym	Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). Note: with two subspecies
1	Native	Europe	Middle Europe	Austria			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). Note: with two subspecies
1	Native	Europe	Middle Europe	Belgium			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). Note: with two subspecies
1	Native	Europe	Middle Europe	Czech Republic			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). Note: with two subspecies
1	Native	Europe	Middle Europe	Germany			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). Note: with two subspecies
1	Native	Europe	Middle Europe	Hungary			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). Note: with two subspecies
1	Native	Europe	Middle Europe	Netherlands			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). Note: with two subspecies
1	Native	Europe	Middle Europe	Poland			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). Note: with two subspecies
1	Native	Europe	Middle Europe	Switzerland			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). Note: with two subspecies
1	Native	Europe	Northern Europe	Denmark			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). Note: with two subspecies
1	Native	Europe	Northern Europe	Sweden			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). Note: with two subspecies
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Albania			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). Note: with two subspecies
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Bulgaria			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). Note: with two subspecies
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Croatia			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). Note: with two subspecies
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Greece		incl. Crete	Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). Note: with two subspecies
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Italy		incl. Sardinia, Sicily	Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). Note: with two subspecies
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Romania			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). Note: with two subspecies
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Slovenia			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). Note: with two subspecies
1	Native	Europe	Southwestern Europe	France		incl. Corsica	Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). Note: with two subspecies
1	Native	Europe	Southwestern Europe	Portugal			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). Note: with two subspecies
1	Native	Europe	Southwestern Europe	Spain		incl. Baleares	Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). Note: with two subspecies
4	Naturalized	Africa	Northern Africa	Tunisia			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). Note: with two subspecies
4	Naturalized	Europe	Eastern Europe	Belarus			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). Note: with two subspecies
4	Naturalized	Europe	Eastern Europe	Russian Federation-European part	European part		Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). Note: with two subspecies
4	Naturalized	Europe	Middle Europe	Slovakia			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). Note: with two subspecies
4	Naturalized	Europe	Northern Europe	Finland			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). Note: with two subspecies
4	Naturalized	Northern America		Canada			Zuloaga, F. O. et al. 2003. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): III. Subfamilies Panicoideae, Aristidoideae, Arundinoideae, and Danthonioideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 46:591.
4	Naturalized	Northern America		Mexico			Zuloaga, F. O. et al. 2003. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): III. Subfamilies Panicoideae, Aristidoideae, Arundinoideae, and Danthonioideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 46:591.
4	Naturalized	Northern America		United States			FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Brazil	Brazil			Zuloaga, F. O. et al. 2003. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): III. Subfamilies Panicoideae, Aristidoideae, Arundinoideae, and Danthonioideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 46:591.
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Caribbean	West Indies			Zuloaga, F. O. et al. 2003. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): III. Subfamilies Panicoideae, Aristidoideae, Arundinoideae, and Danthonioideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 46:591.
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Central America	Costa Rica			Zuloaga, F. O. et al. 2003. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): III. Subfamilies Panicoideae, Aristidoideae, Arundinoideae, and Danthonioideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 46:591.
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Central America	Panama			Zuloaga, F. O. et al. 2003. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): III. Subfamilies Panicoideae, Aristidoideae, Arundinoideae, and Danthonioideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 46:591.
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Southern South America	Argentina			Zuloaga, F. O. et al. 2003. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): III. Subfamilies Panicoideae, Aristidoideae, Arundinoideae, and Danthonioideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 46:591.
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Southern South America	Chile			Zuloaga, F. O. et al. 2003. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): III. Subfamilies Panicoideae, Aristidoideae, Arundinoideae, and Danthonioideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 46:591.
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Southern South America	Uruguay			Zuloaga, F. O. et al. 2003. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): III. Subfamilies Panicoideae, Aristidoideae, Arundinoideae, and Danthonioideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 46:591.
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Western South America	Bolivia			Zuloaga, F. O. et al. 2003. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): III. Subfamilies Panicoideae, Aristidoideae, Arundinoideae, and Danthonioideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 46:591.

Native
Africa

MACARONESIA: Spain [Canarias], Portugal [Madeira Islands]
NORTHERN AFRICA: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco

Asia-Temperate

WESTERN ASIA: Afghanistan, Cyprus, Egypt [Sinai], Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey
CAUCASUS: Russian Federation-Ciscaucasia [Ciscaucasia], Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russian Federation [Dagestan]
SIBERIA: Russian Federation-Western Siberia [Western Siberia], Russian Federation-Eastern Siberia [Eastern Siberia]
MIDDLE ASIA: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
MONGOLIA: Mongolia
RUSSIAN FAR EAST: Russian Federation-Far East [Far East]
CHINA: China
EASTERN ASIA: Japan, Taiwan

Asia-Tropical

INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: India (n.e.), Nepal, Pakistan

Europe

NORTHERN EUROPE: Denmark, Sweden
MIDDLE EUROPE: Austria, Belgium, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland
EASTERN EUROPE: Estonia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russian Federation [Kalmykija, Respublika, Astrakhan, Saratov, Volgogradskaja oblast'], Ukraine (incl. Krym)
SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Albania, Bulgaria, Greece (incl. Crete), Croatia, Italy (incl. Sardinia, Sicily), Romania, Slovenia
SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: Spain (incl. Baleares), France (incl. Corsica), Portugal

Naturalized
Africa

NORTHERN AFRICA: Tunisia

Europe

NORTHERN EUROPE: Finland
MIDDLE EUROPE: Slovakia
EASTERN EUROPE: Russian Federation-European part [European part], Belarus

Northern America

REGION: Canada, Mexico, United States

Southern America

CARIBBEAN: West Indies
CENTRAL AMERICA: Costa Rica, Panama
BRAZIL: Brazil
WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA: Bolivia
SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina, Chile, Uruguay

Reference(s)

Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). Note: with two subspecies
FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
Hara, H. et al. 1978-1982. An enumeration of the flowering plants of Nepal.
Kharkevich, S. S., ed. 1985. Vascular plants of the Russian Far East. Note: also cited as "Vascular plants of the Soviet Far East", and "Sosud. Rast. Sovet. Dal'nego Vostoka"
Koyama, T. 1987. Grasses of Japan and its neighboring regions
Krasnoborov, I. M., ed. 2000-. Flora of Siberia (English translation)
Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963-. Flora iranica.
Shukla, U. 1996. Grasses of north-eastern India
Skvortsov, A. K., ed. 2006. Flora of the Lower Volga region 1:132-133.
Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966-. Flora of Iraq.
Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR
Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
Zuloaga, F. O. et al. 2003. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): III. Subfamilies Panicoideae, Aristidoideae, Arundinoideae, and Danthonioideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 46:591.

Economic Uses

Usage	Type	Note	Reference
Weed	seed contaminant	of birdseed mixes	Oseland, E. et al. 2020. Examination of commercially available bird feed for weed seed contaminants. Invasive Pl. Sci. Managm. 13:14-22. DOI: 10.1017/inp.2020.2.
Weed	seed contaminant	potential	CIBA-GEIGY, Basel, Switzerland. Documenta CIBA-GEIGY (Grass weeds 1. 1980, 2. 1981; Monocot weeds 3. 1982; Dicot weeds 1. 1988) Note: four books on weeds worldwide in scope
Weed	seed contaminant	potential	Veldkamp, J. F. 1994. Miscellaneous notes on southeast Asian Gramineae: 9. Setaria and Paspalidium. Blumea 39:383.

Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2026. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://npgstest.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=33853. Accessed 12 May 2026.