Taxon: Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv. (Setaria italica Foxtail Millet Group)

Summary

Genus:

Setaria

Family:

Poaceae (alt. Gramineae)

Subfamily:

Panicoideae

Tribe:

Paniceae

Subtribe:

Cenchrinae

Nomen number:

33817

Place of publication:

Ess. Agrostogr. 51, 170, 178. 1812

Protologue link:

https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/394257

Comment:

or Setaria italica Foxtail Millet Group
combination made in index

Verified:

02/06/2003 ARS Systematic Botanists.

Accessions:

1434 (769 active, 755 available) in National Plant Germplasm System. (Map it)

Other conspecific taxa

Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations

Basionym
Panicum italicum L.

Autonym(s)
Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv. subsp. italica
Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv. var. italica

Homotypic Synonym(s)
Chaetochloa italica (L.) Scribn.

Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Panicum italicum L. var.-gr. moharium Alef.
Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv. subsp. maxima (Alef.) Dekapr. & Kasparian
Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv. var. moharia Alef. ex Hegi
Setaria moharia (Alef.) Menabde & Ericzjan

Images (1 total. Click on image for more.)

Links

Spikelets and/or florets – Seed ID Workshop image, from Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio State University

Conservation Status

Reference(s)

University of Georgia Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health
Statistics Division. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Note: accessed August 2023 for production data of foxtail millet 2020-2021
PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
Afonin, A. N., S. L. Greene, N. I. Dzyubenko, & A. N. Frolov, eds. Interactive agricultural ecological atlas of Russia and neighboring countries. Economic plants and their diseases, pests and weeds (on-line resource).
Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
Alderson, J. & W. C. Sharp. 1995. Grass varieties in the United States, U.S.D.A. Agric. Handb. 170, rev. ed. CRC Press. Note: Revised version of AH 170
APHIS. Agricultural Risk Management System United States Department of Agriculture.
Botanical Society of the British Isles. BSBI taxon database (on-line resource).
Brenner, D. M. et al. 2019. Chapter 2. North American wild relatives of grain crops. In: Green, S. L. et al., North American crop wild relatives. Volume 2. Important species. 2:41-82 (70-75). DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-97121-6_2.
Catasús Guerra, L. J. 2002. Las gramíneas (Poaceae) de Cuba, II. Cavanillesia Altera 3:1-163.
CIBA-GEIGY, Basel, Switzerland. Documenta CIBA-GEIGY (Grass weeds 1. 1980, 2. 1981; Monocot weeds 3. 1982; Dicot weeds 1. 1988) Note: four books on weeds worldwide in scope
Czerepanov, S. K. 1995. Vascular plants of Russia and adjacent states (the former USSR) Cambridge University Press.
Darbyshire, S. J. 2003. Inventory of Canadian Agricultural Weeds Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 47.
Dassanayake, M. D. & F. R. Fosberg, eds. 1980-. A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon.
Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
Grubben, G. J. H. & Soetjipto Partohardjono, eds. 1996. Cereals. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 10:127-130.
Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares. Note: accessed August 2023
Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
International Seed Testing Association. 1982. A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names 1. Field crops, grasses and vegetables, ed. 2.
Kellogg, E. A. et al. 2020. Checklist of the grasses of India. PhytoKeys 163:275-276. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.163.38393. Note: annual
Lata, C. et al. 2013. Foxtail millet: a model crop for genetic and genomic studies in bioenergy grasses. Crit. Rev. Biotechnol. 33:328-343. DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2012.716809.
Layton, D. J. & E. A. Kellogg. 2014. Morphological, phylogenetic, and ecological diversity of the new model species Setaria viridis (Poaceae: Paniceae) and its close relatives. Amer. J. Bot. 101:539-557. DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1300428.
Li, Y. et al. 1998. Intraspecific and interspecific variation in Setaria revealed by RAPD analysis. Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 45:279-285. Note: supports conspecific relationship with Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv.
Liang, Y. & Y. Han. 2023. Pan-genome brings opportunities to revitalize the ancient crop foxtail millet. Plant Communic. 5:100735. DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100735.
Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2
Morrone, O. et al. 2014. Revision of the Old World species of Setaria (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae). Syst. Bot. Monogr. 96:68-70.
Mun-Chan, B. et al. 1986. A checklist of the Korean cultivated plants. Kulturpflanze 34:129.
Personal Care Products Council. International Nomenclature Cosmetic Ingredient
Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
Prasada Rao, K. E. et al. 1987. Infraspecific variation and systematics of cultivated Setaria italica, foxtail millet (Poaceae). Econ. Bot. 41:108-116.
Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Sánchez-Ken, J. G. 2018. Riqueza de especies y listado de las gramíneas (Poaceae) de México. Acta Bot. Mex. 126:e1379, page 49. DOI: 10.21829/abm126.2019.1379.
Skvortsov, A. K., ed. 2006. Flora of the Lower Volga region 1:133.
Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1980. Flora europaea. 5:264.
Veldkamp, J. F. 1994. Miscellaneous notes on southeast Asian Gramineae: 9. Setaria and Paspalidium. Blumea 39:377.
Vetriventhan, M. et al. 2015. Finger and foxtail millets. In: Singh, M. & H. D. Updadhyaya, eds., Genetic and Genomic Resources for Grain Cereals Improvement 291-319.
Wang, R.-L. et al. 1995. Weedy adaptation in Setaria spp. I. Isozyme analysis of genetic diversity and population genetic structure in Setaria viridis. Amer. J. Bot. 82:308-317. Note: supports conspecific relationship with Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv.
Wang, Z. M. et al. 1998. Construction of RFLP-based maps of foxtail millet, Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv. Theor. Appl. Genet. 96:31-36. Note: supports conspecific relationship with Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv.
Welcome, A. K. & B.-E. Van Wyk. 2019. An inventory and analysis of the food plants of southern Africa. S. African J. Bot. 122:136-179. DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2018.11.003.
Zuloaga, F. O. et al. 2003. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): III. Subfamilies Panicoideae, Aristidoideae, Arundinoideae, and Danthonioideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 46:577.
2018. Mid-Atlantic invasive plant species (on-line resource)

Common names

Language	Name	note	seq	Citation
English	dwarf setaria		1	Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
English	foxtail bristle grass	as Setaria italica subsp. italica	1	Erhardt, W. et al. 2000. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 16. Auflage Note: as Setaria italica subsp. italica
English	foxtail bristle grass		1	Botanical Society of the British Isles. BSBI taxon database (on-line resource).
English	foxtail millet	as Setaria italica subsp. italica	1	Wiersema, J. H. & B. León. 1999. World economic plants: a standard reference CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. Note: as Setaria italica subsp. italica
English	German millet	as Setaria italica subsp. italica	1	Mabberley, D. J. 1997. The plant-book: a portable dictionary of the vascular plants, ed. 2 Note: as Setaria italica subsp. italica
English	giant setaria		1	Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
English	Hungarian millet	as Setaria italica subsp. italica	1	Mabberley, D. J. 1997. The plant-book: a portable dictionary of the vascular plants, ed. 2 Note: as Setaria italica subsp. italica
English	Italian millet	as Setaria italica subsp. italica	1	Wiersema, J. H. & B. León. 1999. World economic plants: a standard reference CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. Note: as Setaria italica subsp. italica
English (Canada)	foxtail millet	Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada official name	2	Darbyshire, S. J. 2003. Inventory of Canadian Agricultural Weeds Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 47.
French	millet des oiseaux	as Setaria italica subsp. italica	2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants Note: as Setaria italica subsp. italica
French	millet d'Italie	as Setaria italica subsp. italica	2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants Note: as Setaria italica subsp. italica
French	petit mil	as Setaria italica subsp. italica	2	Grubben, G. J. H. & Soetjipto Partohardjono, eds. 1996. Cereals. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 10:127-130. Note: = Setaria italica cv. group Foxtail Millet
French	sétaire d'Italie	as Setaria italica subsp. italica	2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants Note: as Setaria italica subsp. italica
French (Canada)	sétaire d’Italie	Agriculture & Agroalimentaire Canada nom officiel	2	Darbyshire, S. J. 2003. Inventory of Canadian Agricultural Weeds Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 47.
German	Kolbenhirse	as Setaria italica subsp. italica	2	Erhardt, W. et al. 2000. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 16. Auflage Note: as Setaria italica subsp. italica
Italian	panico	as Setaria italica subsp. italica	2	International Seed Testing Association. 1982. A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names 1. Field crops, grasses and vegetables, ed. 2.
Portuguese	milho-painço	as Setaria italica subsp. italica	2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants Note: as Setaria italica subsp. italica
Spanish	mijo	as Setaria italica subsp. italica	2	Catasús Guerra, L. J. 2002. Las gramíneas (Poaceae) de Cuba, II. Cavanillesia Altera 3:1-163. Note: as Setaria italica subsp. italica
Spanish	mijo de Italia	as Setaria italica subsp. italica	2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants Note: as Setaria italica subsp. italica
Spanish	mijo menor	as Setaria italica subsp. italica	2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants Note: as Setaria italica subsp. italica
Spanish	moha	as Setaria italica subsp. italica	2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants Note: as Setaria italica subsp. italica
Spanish	panizo	as Setaria italica subsp. italica	2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants Note: as Setaria italica subsp. italica
Swedish	kolvhirs	as Setaria italica subsp. italica	2	Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
Transcribed Korean	dzo	as Setaria italica subsp. italica	2	Mun-Chan, B. et al. 1986. A checklist of the Korean cultivated plants. Kulturpflanze 34:129.

Distribution

order_code	Status	Continent	Subcontinent	Country	State	Note	Reference
2	Cultivated					widely cult. in temperate & tropic regions	Morrone, O. et al. 2014. Revision of the Old World species of Setaria (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae). Syst. Bot. Monogr. 96:68-70.
2	Cultivated	Africa	Northeast Tropical Africa	Ethiopia			Statistics Division. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Note: accessed August 2023 for production data of foxtail millet 2020-2021
2	Cultivated	Africa	Northeast Tropical Africa	Sudan			Statistics Division. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Note: accessed August 2023 for production data of foxtail millet 2020-2021
2	Cultivated	Africa	South Tropical Africa	Angola			Statistics Division. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Note: accessed August 2023 for production data of foxtail millet 2020-2021
2	Cultivated	Africa	South Tropical Africa	Zimbabwe			Morrone, O. et al. 2014. Revision of the Old World species of Setaria (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae). Syst. Bot. Monogr. 96:68-70.
2	Cultivated	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Burkina Faso			Statistics Division. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Note: accessed August 2023 for production data of foxtail millet 2020-2021
2	Cultivated	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Mali			Statistics Division. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Note: accessed August 2023 for production data of foxtail millet 2020-2021
2	Cultivated	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Niger			Statistics Division. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Note: accessed August 2023 for production data of foxtail millet 2020-2021
2	Cultivated	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Nigeria			Statistics Division. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Note: accessed August 2023 for production data of foxtail millet 2020-2021
2	Cultivated	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Senegal			Statistics Division. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Note: accessed August 2023 for production data of foxtail millet 2020-2021
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	Arabian Peninsula	Yemen			Morrone, O. et al. 2014. Revision of the Old World species of Setaria (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae). Syst. Bot. Monogr. 96:68-70.
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	China	China			Morrone, O. et al. 2014. Revision of the Old World species of Setaria (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae). Syst. Bot. Monogr. 96:68-70.
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	Eastern Asia	Japan			Morrone, O. et al. 2014. Revision of the Old World species of Setaria (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae). Syst. Bot. Monogr. 96:68-70.
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	Eastern Asia	Taiwan			Morrone, O. et al. 2014. Revision of the Old World species of Setaria (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae). Syst. Bot. Monogr. 96:68-70.
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	Middle Asia	Kazakhstan			Statistics Division. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Note: accessed August 2023 for production data of foxtail millet 2020-2021
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	Middle Asia	Tajikistan			Statistics Division. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Note: accessed August 2023 for production data of foxtail millet 2020-2021
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	Middle Asia	Turkmenistan			Statistics Division. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Note: accessed August 2023 for production data of foxtail millet 2020-2021
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	Middle Asia	Uzbekistan			Statistics Division. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Note: accessed August 2023 for production data of foxtail millet 2020-2021
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Afghanistan			Statistics Division. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Note: accessed August 2023 for production data of foxtail millet 2020-2021
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Iran			Statistics Division. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Note: accessed August 2023 for production data of foxtail millet 2020-2021
2	Cultivated	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	Bangladesh			Statistics Division. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Note: accessed August 2023 for production data of foxtail millet 2020-2021
2	Cultivated	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	India		n.e.	Kellogg, E. A. et al. 2020. Checklist of the grasses of India. PhytoKeys 163:275-276. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.163.38393. Note: annual
2	Cultivated	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	Nepal			Statistics Division. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Note: accessed August 2023 for production data of foxtail millet 2020-2021
2	Cultivated	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	Pakistan			Statistics Division. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Note: accessed August 2023 for production data of foxtail millet 2020-2021
2	Cultivated	Australasia	Australia	Australia			Statistics Division. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Note: accessed August 2023 for production data of foxtail millet 2020-2021
2	Cultivated	Eurasia		Russian Federation			Statistics Division. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Note: accessed August 2023 for production data of foxtail millet 2020-2021
2	Cultivated	Europe	Eastern Europe	Belarus			Statistics Division. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Note: accessed August 2023 for production data of foxtail millet 2020-2021
2	Cultivated	Europe	Eastern Europe	Estonia			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Europe	Eastern Europe	Ukraine			Statistics Division. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Note: accessed August 2023 for production data of foxtail millet 2020-2021
2	Cultivated	Europe	Northern Europe	Norway			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Albania			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Northern America		United States			Statistics Division. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Note: accessed August 2023 for production data of foxtail millet 2020-2021
2	Cultivated	Southern America	Southern South America	Argentina			Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares. Note: accessed August 2023
3	Adventive	Africa	Northern Africa	Egypt			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
3	Adventive	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Cyprus			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
3	Adventive	Europe	Eastern Europe	Belarus			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
3	Adventive	Europe	Middle Europe	Austria			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
3	Adventive	Europe	Middle Europe	Czech Republic		as casual	Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
3	Adventive	Southern America	Southern South America	Argentina			Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares. Note: accessed August 2023
4	Naturalized					widely natzd. in temperate & tropic regions	Morrone, O. et al. 2014. Revision of the Old World species of Setaria (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae). Syst. Bot. Monogr. 96:68-70.
4	Naturalized	Africa	Northern Africa	Algeria			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	Northern Africa	Libya			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	Northern Africa	Morocco			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	Northern Africa	Tunisia			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	Caucasus	Armenia			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	Caucasus	Azerbaijan			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	Caucasus	Georgia			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	Caucasus	Russian Federation	Dagestan		Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	Caucasus	Russian Federation-Ciscaucasia	Ciscaucasia		Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	Russian Far East	Russian Federation-Far East	Far East		Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	Siberia	Russian Federation-Eastern Siberia	Eastern Siberia		Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	Siberia	Russian Federation-Western Siberia	Western Siberia		Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Lebanon			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Turkey			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Europe	Eastern Europe	Russian Federation	Volgogradskaja oblast'		Skvortsov, A. K., ed. 2006. Flora of the Lower Volga region 1:133.
4	Naturalized	Europe	Eastern Europe	Russian Federation-European part	European part		Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Europe	Eastern Europe	Ukraine		incl. Krym	Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Europe	Middle Europe	Germany			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Europe	Middle Europe	Hungary			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Europe	Middle Europe	Netherlands			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Europe	Middle Europe	Poland			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Europe	Middle Europe	Slovakia			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Europe	Middle Europe	Switzerland			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Europe	Northern Europe	United Kingdom			Morrone, O. et al. 2014. Revision of the Old World species of Setaria (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae). Syst. Bot. Monogr. 96:68-70.
4	Naturalized	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Bulgaria			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Croatia			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Greece		incl. Crete	Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Italy		incl. Sardinia, Sicily	Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Romania			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Slovenia			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Europe	Southwestern Europe	France		incl. Corsica	Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Europe	Southwestern Europe	Portugal			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Europe	Southwestern Europe	Spain		incl. Baleares	Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Northern America		Mexico			Sánchez-Ken, J. G. 2018. Riqueza de especies y listado de las gramíneas (Poaceae) de México. Acta Bot. Mex. 126:e1379, page 49. DOI: 10.21829/abm126.2019.1379.
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Brazil	Brazil	Distrito Federal		Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Brazil	Brazil	Mato Grosso		Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Brazil	Brazil	Rio de Janeiro		Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Brazil	Brazil	São Paulo		Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
5	Uncertain	Europe	Middle Europe	Belgium		either cultivated or introduced	Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
6	Other					crop origin Eurasia, possibly China	Layton, D. J. & E. A. Kellogg. 2014. Morphological, phylogenetic, and ecological diversity of the new model species Setaria viridis (Poaceae: Paniceae) and its close relatives. Amer. J. Bot. 101:539-557. DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1300428.

Cultivated

REGION:

Africa

NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Ethiopia, Sudan
WEST TROPICAL AFRICA: Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal
SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA: Angola, Zimbabwe

Asia-Temperate

ARABIAN PENINSULA: Yemen
WESTERN ASIA: Afghanistan, Iran
MIDDLE ASIA: Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
CHINA: China
EASTERN ASIA: Japan, Taiwan

Asia-Tropical

INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: Bangladesh, India (n.e.), Nepal, Pakistan

Australasia

AUSTRALIA: Australia

Eurasia

REGION: Russian Federation

Europe

NORTHERN EUROPE: Norway
EASTERN EUROPE: Belarus, Estonia, Ukraine
SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Albania

Northern America

REGION: United States

Southern America

SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina

Adventive
Africa

NORTHERN AFRICA: Egypt

Asia-Temperate

WESTERN ASIA: Cyprus

Europe

MIDDLE EUROPE: Austria, Czech Republic (as casual)
EASTERN EUROPE: Belarus

Southern America

SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina

Naturalized

REGION:

Africa

NORTHERN AFRICA: Algeria, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia

Asia-Temperate

WESTERN ASIA: Lebanon, Turkey
CAUCASUS: Russian Federation-Ciscaucasia [Ciscaucasia], Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russian Federation [Dagestan]
SIBERIA: Russian Federation-Western Siberia [Western Siberia], Russian Federation-Eastern Siberia [Eastern Siberia]
RUSSIAN FAR EAST: Russian Federation-Far East [Far East]

Europe

NORTHERN EUROPE: United Kingdom
MIDDLE EUROPE: Switzerland, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia
EASTERN EUROPE: Russian Federation-European part [European part], Russian Federation [Volgogradskaja oblast'], Ukraine (incl. Krym)
SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Bulgaria, Greece (incl. Crete), Croatia, Italy (incl. Sardinia, Sicily), Romania, Slovenia
SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: Spain (incl. Baleares), France (incl. Corsica), Portugal

Northern America

REGION: Mexico

Southern America

BRAZIL: Brazil [Mato Grosso, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Distrito Federal]

Uncertain
Europe

MIDDLE EUROPE: Belgium (either cultivated or introduced)

Other (crop origin Eurasia, possibly China)

Reference(s)

Statistics Division. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Note: accessed August 2023 for production data of foxtail millet 2020-2021
Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares. Note: accessed August 2023
Kellogg, E. A. et al. 2020. Checklist of the grasses of India. PhytoKeys 163:275-276. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.163.38393. Note: annual
Layton, D. J. & E. A. Kellogg. 2014. Morphological, phylogenetic, and ecological diversity of the new model species Setaria viridis (Poaceae: Paniceae) and its close relatives. Amer. J. Bot. 101:539-557. DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1300428.
Morrone, O. et al. 2014. Revision of the Old World species of Setaria (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae). Syst. Bot. Monogr. 96:68-70.
Sánchez-Ken, J. G. 2018. Riqueza de especies y listado de las gramíneas (Poaceae) de México. Acta Bot. Mex. 126:e1379, page 49. DOI: 10.21829/abm126.2019.1379.
Skvortsov, A. K., ed. 2006. Flora of the Lower Volga region 1:133.

Economic Uses

Usage	Type	Note	Reference
Animal food	fodder	and also a birdseed, as Setaria italica subsp. italica	Alderson, J. & W. C. Sharp. 1995. Grass varieties in the United States, U.S.D.A. Agric. Handb. 170, rev. ed. CRC Press. Note: as Setaria italica subsp. italica
Food additives	flavoring	used for making vinegar, as Setaria italica subsp. italica	Grubben, G. J. H. & Soetjipto Partohardjono, eds. 1996. Cereals. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 10:127-130. Note: = Setaria italica cv. group Foxtail Millet
Human food	beverage base	as Setaria italica subsp. italica	Grubben, G. J. H. & Soetjipto Partohardjono, eds. 1996. Cereals. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 10:127-130. Note: = Setaria italica cv. group Foxtail Millet
Human food	cereal	as Setaria italica subsp. italica	Grubben, G. J. H. & Soetjipto Partohardjono, eds. 1996. Cereals. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 10:127-130. Note: = Setaria italica cv. group Foxtail Millet
Human food	vegetable	as Setaria italica subsp. italica	Grubben, G. J. H. & Soetjipto Partohardjono, eds. 1996. Cereals. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 10:127-130. Note: = Setaria italica cv. group Foxtail Millet
Weed	seed contaminant	potential; as Setaria italica subsp. italica	CIBA-GEIGY, Basel, Switzerland. Documenta CIBA-GEIGY (Grass weeds 1. 1980, 2. 1981; Monocot weeds 3. 1982; Dicot weeds 1. 1988) Note: as Setaria italica subsp. italica

Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2026. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://npgstest.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=33817. Accessed 14 April 2026.