Taxon:  Panicum miliaceum L.



Summary
Genus:
Panicum
Family:
Poaceae (alt. Gramineae)
Subfamily:
Panicoideae
Tribe:
Paniceae
Subtribe:
Panicinae
Nomen number:
317710
Place of publication:
Sp. pl. 1:58.  1753
Verified:
09/24/1992 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
277 (7  active, 1  available) in National Plant Germplasm System.  (Map it)
Other conspecific taxa
Panicum miliaceum L. subsp. miliaceum (720 active accession[s])
Panicum miliaceum L. subsp. ruderale (Kitag.) Tzvelev (2 active accession[s])
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Images (1 total. Click on image for more.)
Spikelets and/or florets

Conservation Status

Reference(s)
  1. Plants of southern Africa: an online checklist.
  2. University of Georgia Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health
  3. PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
  4. Afonin, A. N., S. L. Greene, N. I. Dzyubenko, & A. N. Frolov, eds. Interactive agricultural ecological atlas of Russia and neighboring countries. Economic plants and their diseases, pests and weeds (on-line resource).
  5. Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
  6. APHIS. Agricultural Risk Management System United States Department of Agriculture.
  7. Botanical Society of the British Isles. BSBI taxon database (on-line resource).
  8. CIBA-GEIGY, Basel, Switzerland. Documenta CIBA-GEIGY (Grass weeds 1. 1980, 2. 1981; Monocot weeds 3. 1982; Dicot weeds 1. 1988) Note: four books on weeds worldwide in scope
  9. Darbyshire, S. J. 2003. Inventory of Canadian Agricultural Weeds Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 44.
  10. Demilly, D. et al. 2001. Liste alphabétique des principales espèces de plantes cultivées et de mauvaises herbes. Noms latins et noms français, ed. 7 GEVES-SNES, Beaucouzé, France.
  11. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
  12. George, A. S., ed. 1980-. Flora of Australia.
  13. Hitchcock, A. S. 1950. Manual of the grasses of the United States, ed. 2.
  14. Howell, C. J. & J. W. D. Sawyer. 2006. New Zealand naturalised vascular plant checklist
  15. Hunt, H. V. et al. 2010. Molecular basis of the waxy endosperm starch phenotype in broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.). Molec. Biol. Evol. 27:1478-1494.
  16. Hunt, H. V. et al. 2014. Reticulate evolution in Panicum (Poaceae): the origin of tetraploid broomcorn millet, P. miliaceum. J. Exp. Bot. 65:3165-3175. DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru161.
  17. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares. Note: cultivated, introduced
  18. Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
  19. International Seed Testing Association. 1982. A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names 1. Field crops, grasses and vegetables, ed. 2.
  20. Kartesz, J. T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland.
  21. Lee, Y. N. 1997. Flora of Korea.
  22. Lu, H. et al. 2009. Earliest domestication of common millet (Panicum miliaceum) in East Asia extended to 10,000 years ago. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106:7367-7372.
  23. McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
  24. Mun-Chan, B. et al. 1986. A checklist of the Korean cultivated plants. Kulturpflanze 34:113.
  25. Personal Care Products Council. International Nomenclature Cosmetic Ingredient
  26. Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
  27. Randall, R. P. 2007. The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status.
  28. Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
  29. Seed Regulatory and Testing Division, Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S.D.A. State noxious-weed seed requirements recognized in the administration of the Federal Seed Act (updated annually).
  30. Skvortsov, A. K., ed. 2006. Flora of the Lower Volga region 1:130-131.
  31. USDA/ARS. INVADERS database system. The University of Montana (on-line resource).
  32. Veldkamp, J. F. 1996. Revision of Panicum and Whiteochloa in Malesia (Gramineae-Paniceae). Blumea 41:198.
  33. Vetriventhan, M. & H. D. Upadhyaya. 2018. Diversity and trait-specific sources for productivity and nutritional traits in the global proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) germplasm collection. Crop J. 6:451-463. DOI: 10.1016/j.cj.2018.04.002.
  34. Villaseñor, J. L. & F. J. Espinoza-Garcia. 2004. The alien flowering plants of Mexico. Diversity & Distrib. 10:113-123.
  35. Wagner, W. L. et al. Flora of the Hawaiian Islands (on-line resource).
  36. Walker, E. 1976. Flora of Okinawa and the southern Ryukyu Islands.
  37. Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
  38. Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone. 1996. Revisión de las especies americanas de Panicum, subgénero Panicum, sección Panicum (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 83:259-260.
  39. Zuloaga, F. O. et al. 2003. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): III. Subfamilies Panicoideae, Aristidoideae, Arundinoideae, and Danthonioideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 46:379. Note: cultivated, introduced
Common names
LanguageNameAlternate namenoteseqCitation
Englishbrown millet  1Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
EnglishChinese millet  1Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
Englishcommon millet  1Botanical Society of the British Isles. BSBI taxon database (on-line resource).
EnglishFrench millet  1Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
Englishlittle millet  1Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
Englishmillet panic  1Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
Englishpanicum millet  1Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
Englishred millet  1Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
Englishwhite French millet  1Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
Englishwhite millet  1Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
English (Canada)proso millet Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada official name2Darbyshire, S. J. 2003. Inventory of Canadian Agricultural Weeds Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 44.
Frenchpanic faux-millet  2Demilly, D. et al. 2001. Liste alphabétique des principales espèces de plantes cultivées et de mauvaises herbes. Noms latins et noms français, ed. 7 GEVES-SNES, Beaucouzé, France.
French (Canada)panic millet Agriculture & Agroalimentaire Canada nom officiel2Darbyshire, S. J. 2003. Inventory of Canadian Agricultural Weeds Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 44.
Italianmiglio  2International Seed Testing Association. 1982. A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names 1. Field crops, grasses and vegetables, ed. 2.
Japanese Rōmajikibi  2Walker, E. 1976. Flora of Okinawa and the southern Ryukyu Islands.
Spanishmijo  2Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone. 1996. Revisión de las especies americanas de Panicum, subgénero Panicum, sección Panicum (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 83:259-260.
Swedishhirs  2Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
Transcribed Chineseji  2Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
Transcribed Koreangijang  2Lee, Y. N. 1997. Flora of Korea.
Distribution
order_codeStatusContinentSubcontinentCountryStateNoteReference
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChina   
1NativeAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaKazakhstan e. 
1NativeAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaKyrgyzstan   
1NativeAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaTajikistan   
1NativeAsia-TemperateMongoliaMongolia   
1NativeAsia-TemperateSiberiaRussian Federation-Eastern SiberiaEastern Siberias. 
1NativeAsia-TemperateSiberiaRussian Federation-Western SiberiaWestern Siberias. 
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaIran e. 
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateChinaChina  Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateEastern AsiaJapan  Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentBhutan  Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentIndia  Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
2CultivatedEuropeEastern EuropeRussian FederationAstrakhan Skvortsov, A. K., ed. 2006. Flora of the Lower Volga region 1:130-131.
2CultivatedEuropeEastern EuropeRussian FederationSaratov Skvortsov, A. K., ed. 2006. Flora of the Lower Volga region 1:130-131.
2CultivatedEuropeEastern EuropeRussian FederationVolgogradskaja oblast' Skvortsov, A. K., ed. 2006. Flora of the Lower Volga region 1:130-131.
2CultivatedSouthern America South America  Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares. Note: cultivated, introduced
4NaturalizedAfricaSouthern AfricaBotswana  Plants of southern Africa: an online checklist.
4NaturalizedAfricaSouthern AfricaLesotho  Plants of southern Africa: an online checklist.
4NaturalizedAfricaSouthern AfricaSouth Africa  Plants of southern Africa: an online checklist.
4NaturalizedAustralasiaAustraliaAustraliaNew South Wales George, A. S., ed. 1980-. Flora of Australia.
4NaturalizedAustralasiaAustraliaAustraliaQueensland George, A. S., ed. 1980-. Flora of Australia.
4NaturalizedAustralasiaAustraliaAustraliaSouth Australias.e.George, A. S., ed. 1980-. Flora of Australia.
4NaturalizedAustralasiaAustraliaAustraliaTasmania George, A. S., ed. 1980-. Flora of Australia.
4NaturalizedAustralasiaAustraliaAustraliaVictoria George, A. S., ed. 1980-. Flora of Australia.
4NaturalizedAustralasiaAustraliaAustraliaWestern Australias.w.George, A. S., ed. 1980-. Flora of Australia.
4NaturalizedEuropeEastern EuropeRussian FederationAstrakhan Skvortsov, A. K., ed. 2006. Flora of the Lower Volga region 1:130-131.
4NaturalizedEuropeEastern EuropeRussian FederationSaratov Skvortsov, A. K., ed. 2006. Flora of the Lower Volga region 1:130-131.
4NaturalizedEuropeEastern EuropeRussian FederationVolgogradskaja oblast' Skvortsov, A. K., ed. 2006. Flora of the Lower Volga region 1:130-131.
4NaturalizedNorthern America Mexico  Villaseñor, J. L. & F. J. Espinoza-Garcia. 2004. The alien flowering plants of Mexico. Diversity & Distrib. 10:113-123.
4NaturalizedPacificNorth-Central PacificUnited StatesHawaii Wagner, W. L. et al. Flora of the Hawaiian Islands (on-line resource).
Native
Asia-Temperate
  • WESTERN ASIA: Iran (e.)
  • SIBERIA: Russian Federation-Western Siberia [Western Siberia (s.)], Russian Federation-Eastern Siberia [Eastern Siberia (s.)]
  • MIDDLE ASIA: Kazakhstan (e.), Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan
  • MONGOLIA: Mongolia
  • CHINA: China
Cultivated
Asia-Temperate
  • CHINA: China
  • EASTERN ASIA: Japan
Asia-Tropical
  • INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: Bhutan, India
Europe
  • EASTERN EUROPE: Russian Federation [Astrakhan, Saratov, Volgogradskaja oblast']
Southern America
  • REGION: South America
Naturalized
Africa
  • SOUTHERN AFRICA: Botswana, Lesotho, South Africa
Australasia
  • AUSTRALIA: Australia [Tasmania, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia (s.e.), Victoria, Western Australia (s.w.)]
Europe
  • EASTERN EUROPE: Russian Federation [Astrakhan, Saratov, Volgogradskaja oblast']
Northern America
  • REGION: Mexico
Pacific
  • NORTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC: United States [Hawaii]

Reference(s)
  1. Plants of southern Africa: an online checklist.
  2. George, A. S., ed. 1980-. Flora of Australia.
  3. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares. Note: cultivated, introduced
  4. Skvortsov, A. K., ed. 2006. Flora of the Lower Volga region 1:130-131.
  5. Villaseñor, J. L. & F. J. Espinoza-Garcia. 2004. The alien flowering plants of Mexico. Diversity & Distrib. 10:113-123.
  6. Wagner, W. L. et al. Flora of the Hawaiian Islands (on-line resource).
  7. Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
Economic Uses
UsageTypeNoteReference
Medicinesfolklore McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
Weed  USDA/ARS. INVADERS database system. The University of Montana (on-line resource).
Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2026. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://npgstest.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=317710. Accessed 14 April 2026.