Taxon: Hordeum vulgare L.

Summary

Genus:

Hordeum

Subgenus:

Hordeum

Section:

Hordeum

Family:

Poaceae (alt. Gramineae)

Subfamily:

Pooideae

Tribe:

Triticeae

Nomen number:

317403

Place of publication:

Sp. pl. 1:84. 1753

Protologue link:

https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/358103

Typification:

View in Linnean Typification Project

Verified:

05/29/1992 ARS Systematic Botanists.

Accessions:

716 (704 active, 602 available) in National Plant Germplasm System. (Map it)

Other conspecific taxa

Hordeum vulgare L. subsp. spontaneum (K. Koch) Thell. (1922 active accession[s])
Hordeum vulgare L. subsp. vulgare (34498 active accession[s])

Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations

Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Hordeum lagunculiforme (Bachteev) Bachteev ex Nikif.

No images

Conservation Status

Reference(s)

University of Georgia Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health
PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
Afonin, A. N., S. L. Greene, N. I. Dzyubenko, & A. N. Frolov, eds. Interactive agricultural ecological atlas of Russia and neighboring countries. Economic plants and their diseases, pests and weeds (on-line resource).
Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
Allan, H. H. B. et al. 1961-. Flora of New Zealand.
APHIS. Agricultural Risk Management System United States Department of Agriculture.
Botanical Society of the British Isles. BSBI taxon database (on-line resource).
Bothmer, R. von & N. Jacobsen. 1985. Origin, taxonomy, and related species. In D. C. Rasmusson, ed., Barley. Agronomy 26:29.
Cooper, M. R. & A. W. Johnson. 1998. Poisonous plants and fungi in Britain: animal and human poisoning Note: poisonous
Cronquist, A. et al. 1972-. Intermountain flora.
Davis, P. H., ed. 1965-1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
George, A. S., ed. 1980-. Flora of Australia.
Gibbs-Russell, G. E. et al. 1990. Grasses of southern Africa. Mem. Bot. Surv. S. Africa vol. 58 Note: mentions
Grierson, A. J. C. & D. J. Long. 1984-. Flora of Bhutan including a record of plants from Sikkim.
Grubben, G. J. H. & Soetjipto Partohardjono, eds. 1996. Cereals. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 10:99.
Hedberg, I. & S. Edwards. 1989-. Flora of Ethiopia Note: Eritrea added in 2000
International Seed Testing Association. 1982. A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names 1. Field crops, grasses and vegetables, ed. 2.
Kingsbury, J. M. 1964. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada. Note: poisonous
Kunkel, G. 1984. Plants for human consumption
Lee, Y. N. 1997. Flora of Korea.
Martin, P. et al. . 2023. Back to the future: Using ancient Bere barley landraces for a sustainable future. Plants, People, Planet 2023:1-16. DOI: 10.1002/ppp3.10432.
McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
Mun-Chan, B. et al. 1986. A checklist of the Korean cultivated plants. Kulturpflanze 34:102.
Pankin, A. et al. 2018. Targeted resequencing reveals genomic signatures of barley domestication. New Phytol. 218:1247-1259. DOI: 10.1111/nph.15077.
Personal Care Products Council. International Nomenclature Cosmetic Ingredient
Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963-. Flora iranica. Note: treats under Hordeum spontaneum K. Koch
Rehm, S. & G. Espig. 1991. The cultivated plants of the tropics and subtropics
Skvortsov, A. K., ed. 2006. Flora of the Lower Volga region 1:247-248.
Soreng, R. J. et al. 2003. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): IV. Subfamily Pooideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 48:401.
Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966-. Flora of Iraq. Note: treats under Hordeum spontaneum K. Koch
Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR Note: treats under Hordeum spontaneum K. Koch
University of California Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program. UC SAREP on-line cover crop database (on-line resource).
Walker, E. 1976. Flora of Okinawa and the southern Ryukyu Islands.
Wood, J. R. I. 1997. A handbook of the Yemen flora.
Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).

Common names

Language	Name	seq	Citation
English	barley	1	McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
Italian	orzo	2	International Seed Testing Association. 1982. A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names 1. Field crops, grasses and vegetables, ed. 2.
Japanese Rōmaji	ō-mugi	2	Walker, E. 1976. Flora of Okinawa and the southern Ryukyu Islands.
Swedish	korn	2	Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
Transcribed Korean	bori	2	Mun-Chan, B. et al. 1986. A checklist of the Korean cultivated plants. Kulturpflanze 34:102.

Distribution

order_code	Status	Continent	Subcontinent	Country	State	Note	Reference
1	Native	Africa	Northern Africa	Egypt		n.	Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	Northern Africa	Libya		n.e.	Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Caucasus	Armenia			Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR Note: treats under Hordeum spontaneum K. Koch
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Caucasus	Azerbaijan			Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR Note: treats under Hordeum spontaneum K. Koch
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Sichuan Sheng	w.	Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Xizang Zizhiqu		Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Eastern Asia	Taiwan			Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Middle Asia	Kyrgyzstan			Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR Note: treats under Hordeum spontaneum K. Koch
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Middle Asia	Tajikistan			Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR Note: treats under Hordeum spontaneum K. Koch
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Middle Asia	Turkmenistan			Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR Note: treats under Hordeum spontaneum K. Koch
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Middle Asia	Uzbekistan			Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR Note: treats under Hordeum spontaneum K. Koch
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Afghanistan			Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963-. Flora iranica. Note: treats under Hordeum spontaneum K. Koch
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Cyprus			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Egypt	Sinai		Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Iran			Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963-. Flora iranica. Note: treats under Hordeum spontaneum K. Koch
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Iraq			Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966-. Flora of Iraq. Note: treats under Hordeum spontaneum K. Koch
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Israel			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Jordan			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Lebanon			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Syria			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Turkey			Davis, P. H., ed. 1965-1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	India		n.w.	Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966-. Flora of Iraq. Note: treats under Hordeum spontaneum K. Koch
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	Pakistan			Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963-. Flora iranica. Note: treats under Hordeum spontaneum K. Koch
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Greece	Kríti		Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	East Tropical Africa	Kenya			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	East Tropical Africa	Tanzania			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	Macaronesia	Portugal	Azores		Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	Macaronesia	Portugal	Madeira Islands		Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	Macaronesia	Spain	Canarias		Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	Northeast Tropical Africa	Eritrea			Grubben, G. J. H. & Soetjipto Partohardjono, eds. 1996. Cereals. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 10:99.
2	Cultivated	Africa	Northeast Tropical Africa	Ethiopia			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	Northern Africa	Algeria			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	Northern Africa	Egypt			Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966-. Flora of Iraq. Note: treats under Hordeum spontaneum K. Koch
2	Cultivated	Africa	Northern Africa	Libya			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	Northern Africa	Morocco			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	Northern Africa	Tunisia			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	South Tropical Africa	Zambia			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	South Tropical Africa	Zimbabwe			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	Southern Africa	South Africa			Gibbs-Russell, G. E. et al. 1990. Grasses of southern Africa. Mem. Bot. Surv. S. Africa vol. 58 Note: mentions
2	Cultivated	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Mauritania			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Nigeria		n.	PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	West-Central Tropical Africa	Democratic Republic of the Congo			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Africa	Western Indian Ocean	Madagascar			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	Arabian Peninsula	Bahrain			Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966-. Flora of Iraq. Note: treats under Hordeum spontaneum K. Koch
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	Arabian Peninsula	Saudi Arabia			Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966-. Flora of Iraq. Note: treats under Hordeum spontaneum K. Koch
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	Arabian Peninsula	Yemen			Wood, J. R. I. 1997. A handbook of the Yemen flora.
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	Caucasus	Armenia			Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966-. Flora of Iraq. Note: treats under Hordeum spontaneum K. Koch
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	Caucasus	Azerbaijan			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	Caucasus	Georgia			Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966-. Flora of Iraq. Note: treats under Hordeum spontaneum K. Koch
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	Caucasus	Russian Federation-Ciscaucasia	Ciscaucasia		Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR Note: treats under Hordeum spontaneum K. Koch
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	China	China			Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	Eastern Asia	Japan			Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966-. Flora of Iraq. Note: treats under Hordeum spontaneum K. Koch
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	Middle Asia	Kazakhstan			Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR Note: treats under Hordeum spontaneum K. Koch
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	Middle Asia	Kyrgyzstan			Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR Note: treats under Hordeum spontaneum K. Koch
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	Middle Asia	Tajikistan			Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR Note: treats under Hordeum spontaneum K. Koch
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	Middle Asia	Turkmenistan			Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR Note: treats under Hordeum spontaneum K. Koch
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	Middle Asia	Uzbekistan			Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR Note: treats under Hordeum spontaneum K. Koch
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	Mongolia	Mongolia			Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966-. Flora of Iraq. Note: treats under Hordeum spontaneum K. Koch
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	Russian Far East	Russian Federation-Far East	Far East		Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR Note: treats under Hordeum spontaneum K. Koch
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	Siberia	Russian Federation-Eastern Siberia	Eastern Siberia		Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR Note: treats under Hordeum spontaneum K. Koch
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	Siberia	Russian Federation-Western Siberia	Western Siberia		Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR Note: treats under Hordeum spontaneum K. Koch
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Afghanistan			Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966-. Flora of Iraq. Note: treats under Hordeum spontaneum K. Koch
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Cyprus			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Iran			Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966-. Flora of Iraq. Note: treats under Hordeum spontaneum K. Koch
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Iraq			Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966-. Flora of Iraq. Note: treats under Hordeum spontaneum K. Koch
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Israel			Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966-. Flora of Iraq. Note: treats under Hordeum spontaneum K. Koch
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Jordan			Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966-. Flora of Iraq. Note: treats under Hordeum spontaneum K. Koch
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Lebanon			Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966-. Flora of Iraq. Note: treats under Hordeum spontaneum K. Koch
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Syria			Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966-. Flora of Iraq. Note: treats under Hordeum spontaneum K. Koch
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Turkey			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	Bhutan			Grierson, A. J. C. & D. J. Long. 1984-. Flora of Bhutan including a record of plants from Sikkim.
2	Cultivated	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	India			Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966-. Flora of Iraq. Note: treats under Hordeum spontaneum K. Koch
2	Cultivated	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	Nepal			Grubben, G. J. H. & Soetjipto Partohardjono, eds. 1996. Cereals. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 10:99.
2	Cultivated	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	Pakistan			Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966-. Flora of Iraq. Note: treats under Hordeum spontaneum K. Koch
2	Cultivated	Asia-Tropical	Indo-China	Myanmar		c.	Grubben, G. J. H. & Soetjipto Partohardjono, eds. 1996. Cereals. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 10:99.
2	Cultivated	Asia-Tropical	Indo-China	Thailand			Grubben, G. J. H. & Soetjipto Partohardjono, eds. 1996. Cereals. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 10:99.
2	Cultivated	Asia-Tropical	Malesia	Indonesia	Jawa	e.	Grubben, G. J. H. & Soetjipto Partohardjono, eds. 1996. Cereals. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 10:99.
2	Cultivated	Europe	Eastern Europe	Moldova			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Europe	Eastern Europe	Russian Federation	Astrakhan		Skvortsov, A. K., ed. 2006. Flora of the Lower Volga region 1:247-248.
2	Cultivated	Europe	Eastern Europe	Russian Federation	Kalmykija, Respublika		Skvortsov, A. K., ed. 2006. Flora of the Lower Volga region 1:247-248.
2	Cultivated	Europe	Eastern Europe	Russian Federation	Saratov		Skvortsov, A. K., ed. 2006. Flora of the Lower Volga region 1:247-248.
2	Cultivated	Europe	Eastern Europe	Russian Federation	Volgogradskaja oblast'		Skvortsov, A. K., ed. 2006. Flora of the Lower Volga region 1:247-248.
2	Cultivated	Europe	Eastern Europe	Russian Federation-European part	European part		Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR Note: treats under Hordeum spontaneum K. Koch
2	Cultivated	Europe	Eastern Europe	Ukraine			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Europe	Middle Europe	Austria			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Europe	Middle Europe	Czech Republic			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Europe	Middle Europe	Germany			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Europe	Middle Europe	Hungary			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Europe	Middle Europe	Netherlands			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Europe	Middle Europe	Poland			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Europe	Middle Europe	Slovakia			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Europe	Middle Europe	Switzerland			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Europe	Northern Europe	Denmark			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Europe	Northern Europe	Finland			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Europe	Northern Europe	Iceland			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Europe	Northern Europe	Norway			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Europe	Northern Europe	Sweden			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Europe	Northern Europe	United Kingdom			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Albania			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Croatia			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Italy		incl. Sardinia	Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Romania			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Serbia			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Slovenia			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Europe	Southwestern Europe	France		incl. Corsica	Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Europe	Southwestern Europe	Portugal			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Europe	Southwestern Europe	Spain		incl. Baleares	Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Northern America		Canada			Soreng, R. J. et al. 2003. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): IV. Subfamily Pooideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 48:401.
2	Cultivated	Northern America		Mexico			Soreng, R. J. et al. 2003. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): IV. Subfamily Pooideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 48:401.
2	Cultivated	Northern America		United States			Soreng, R. J. et al. 2003. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): IV. Subfamily Pooideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 48:401.
2	Cultivated	Southern America	Brazil	Brazil			Soreng, R. J. et al. 2003. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): IV. Subfamily Pooideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 48:401.
2	Cultivated	Southern America	Central America	El Salvador			Soreng, R. J. et al. 2003. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): IV. Subfamily Pooideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 48:401.
2	Cultivated	Southern America	Central America	Guatemala			Soreng, R. J. et al. 2003. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): IV. Subfamily Pooideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 48:401.
2	Cultivated	Southern America	Central America	Honduras			Soreng, R. J. et al. 2003. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): IV. Subfamily Pooideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 48:401.
2	Cultivated	Southern America	Southern South America	Argentina			Soreng, R. J. et al. 2003. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): IV. Subfamily Pooideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 48:401.
2	Cultivated	Southern America	Southern South America	Chile			Soreng, R. J. et al. 2003. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): IV. Subfamily Pooideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 48:401.
2	Cultivated	Southern America	Southern South America	Uruguay			Soreng, R. J. et al. 2003. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): IV. Subfamily Pooideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 48:401.
2	Cultivated	Southern America	Western South America	Bolivia			Soreng, R. J. et al. 2003. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): IV. Subfamily Pooideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 48:401.
2	Cultivated	Southern America	Western South America	Ecuador			Soreng, R. J. et al. 2003. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): IV. Subfamily Pooideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 48:401.
2	Cultivated	Southern America	Western South America	Peru			Soreng, R. J. et al. 2003. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): IV. Subfamily Pooideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 48:401.
4	Naturalized	Africa	Northeast Tropical Africa	Ethiopia			Hedberg, I. & S. Edwards. 1989-. Flora of Ethiopia Note: Eritrea added in 2000
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	Eastern Asia	Korea			Lee, Y. N. 1997. Flora of Korea.
4	Naturalized	Australasia	Australia	Australia			George, A. S., ed. 1980-. Flora of Australia.
4	Naturalized	Australasia	New Zealand	New Zealand			Allan, H. H. B. et al. 1961-. Flora of New Zealand.

Native
Africa

NORTHERN AFRICA: Egypt (n.), Libya (n.e.)

Asia-Temperate

WESTERN ASIA: Afghanistan, Cyprus, Egypt [Sinai], Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey
CAUCASUS: Armenia, Azerbaijan
MIDDLE ASIA: Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
CHINA: China [Sichuan Sheng (w.), Xizang Zizhiqu]
EASTERN ASIA: Taiwan

Asia-Tropical

INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: India (n.w.), Pakistan

Europe

SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Greece [Kríti]

Cultivated
Africa

MACARONESIA: Spain [Canarias], Portugal [Azores, Madeira Islands]
NORTHERN AFRICA: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia
NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Eritrea, Ethiopia
EAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Kenya, Tanzania
WEST-CENTRAL TROPICAL AFRICA: Democratic Republic of the Congo
WEST TROPICAL AFRICA: Mauritania, Nigeria (n.)
SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA: Zambia, Zimbabwe
SOUTHERN AFRICA: South Africa
WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN: Madagascar

Asia-Temperate

ARABIAN PENINSULA: Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Yemen
WESTERN ASIA: Afghanistan, Cyprus, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey
CAUCASUS: Russian Federation-Ciscaucasia [Ciscaucasia], Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia
SIBERIA: Russian Federation-Western Siberia [Western Siberia], Russian Federation-Eastern Siberia [Eastern Siberia]
MIDDLE ASIA: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
MONGOLIA: Mongolia
RUSSIAN FAR EAST: Russian Federation-Far East [Far East]
CHINA: China
EASTERN ASIA: Japan

Asia-Tropical

INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan
INDO-CHINA: Myanmar (c.), Thailand
MALESIA: Indonesia [Jawa (e.)]

Europe

NORTHERN EUROPE: Denmark, Finland, United Kingdom, Iceland, Norway, Sweden
MIDDLE EUROPE: Austria, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia
EASTERN EUROPE: Russian Federation-European part [European part], Moldova, Russian Federation [Astrakhan, Kalmykija, Respublika, Saratov, Volgogradskaja oblast'], Ukraine
SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Albania, Croatia, Italy (incl. Sardinia), Romania, Serbia, Slovenia
SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: Spain (incl. Baleares), France (incl. Corsica), Portugal

Northern America

REGION: Canada, Mexico, United States

Southern America

CENTRAL AMERICA: Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador
BRAZIL: Brazil
WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA: Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru
SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina, Chile, Uruguay

Naturalized
Africa

NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Ethiopia

Asia-Temperate

EASTERN ASIA: Korea

Australasia

AUSTRALIA: Australia
NEW ZEALAND: New Zealand

Reference(s)

PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
Allan, H. H. B. et al. 1961-. Flora of New Zealand.
Davis, P. H., ed. 1965-1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
George, A. S., ed. 1980-. Flora of Australia.
Gibbs-Russell, G. E. et al. 1990. Grasses of southern Africa. Mem. Bot. Surv. S. Africa vol. 58 Note: mentions
Grierson, A. J. C. & D. J. Long. 1984-. Flora of Bhutan including a record of plants from Sikkim.
Grubben, G. J. H. & Soetjipto Partohardjono, eds. 1996. Cereals. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 10:99.
Hedberg, I. & S. Edwards. 1989-. Flora of Ethiopia Note: Eritrea added in 2000
Lee, Y. N. 1997. Flora of Korea.
Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963-. Flora iranica. Note: treats under Hordeum spontaneum K. Koch
Skvortsov, A. K., ed. 2006. Flora of the Lower Volga region 1:247-248.
Soreng, R. J. et al. 2003. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): IV. Subfamily Pooideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 48:401.
Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966-. Flora of Iraq. Note: treats under Hordeum spontaneum K. Koch
Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR Note: treats under Hordeum spontaneum K. Koch
Wood, J. R. I. 1997. A handbook of the Yemen flora.
Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).

Economic Uses

Usage	Type	Note	Reference
Animal food	fodder		Rehm, S. & G. Espig. 1991. The cultivated plants of the tropics and subtropics
Environmental	soil improver		University of California Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program. UC SAREP on-line cover crop database (on-line resource).
Medicines	folklore		Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
Medicines	folklore		McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
Vertebrate poisons	mammals	to livestock	Cooper, M. R. & A. W. Johnson. 1998. Poisonous plants and fungi in Britain: animal and human poisoning Note: poisonous
Vertebrate poisons	mammals	to livestock when infected with certain fungi	Kingsbury, J. M. 1964. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada. Note: poisonous

Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2026. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://npgstest.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=317403. Accessed 15 April 2026.