Taxon: Echinochloa colona (L.) Link

Summary

Genus:

Echinochloa

Family:

Poaceae (alt. Gramineae)

Subfamily:

Panicoideae

Tribe:

Paniceae

Subtribe:

Boivinellinae

Nomen number:

316659

Place of publication:

Hort. berol. 2:209. 1833

Protologue link:

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13609491

Comment:

specific epithet commonly misspelled "colonum"

Verified:

04/27/1992 ARS Systematic Botanists.

Accessions:

44 (40 active, 33 available) in National Plant Germplasm System. (Map it)

Other conspecific taxa

Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations

Basionym
Panicum colonum L.

No images

Links

Spikelets and/or florets – Seed ID Workshop image, from Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio State University

Conservation Status

Reference(s)

University of Georgia Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health
APHIS. Agricultural Risk Management System United States Department of Agriculture.
Beetle, A. A. 1970. Recommended plant names. Univ. Wyoming Agr. Exp. Sta. Res. J. 31
Boulos, L. 1999-. Flora of Egypt
Catasús Guerra, L. J. 2002. Las gramíneas (Poaceae) de Cuba, II. Cavanillesia Altera 3:1-163.
CIBA-GEIGY, Basel, Switzerland. Documenta CIBA-GEIGY (Grass weeds 1. 1980, 2. 1981; Monocot weeds 3. 1982; Dicot weeds 1. 1988) Note: lists as "colonum"
Costea, M. & F. J. Tardif. 2002. Taxonomy of the most common weedy European Echinochloa species (Poaceae: Panicoideae) with special emphasis on characters of the lemma and caryopsis. Sida 20:525-548.
Dassanayake, M. D. & F. R. Fosberg, eds. 1980-. A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon.
Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
Gould, F. W. et al. 1972. A revision of Echinochloa in the United States. Amer. Midl. Naturalist 87:56. Note: lists as "colonum"
Gould, F. W. 1975. The grasses of Texas
Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
Grubben, G. J. H. & Soetjipto Partohardjono, eds. 1996. Cereals. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 10:87-88.
Hara, H. et al. 1978-1982. An enumeration of the flowering plants of Nepal.
Hitchcock, A. S. 1950. Manual of the grasses of the United States, ed. 2. Note: lists as "colonum"
Holm, L. et al. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds
Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares. Note: accessed November 2023
Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
Kartesz, J. T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland.
Lazarides, M. & B. Hince. 1993. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia
Lee, E.-J. et al. 2016. Phylogenetic relationship of Echinochloa species based on simple sequence repeat and phenotypic marker analyses. Weed Sci. 64:441-454.
Mahajan, G. & B. S. Chauhan. 2022. Interference of junglerice (Echinochloa colona) in mung bean. Weed Sci. 70:481-487. DOI: 10.1017/wsc.2022.24. Note: Echinochloa colona infestation could increase yield loss for mung-bean, retetntion of seeds in plants may allow for control
Michael, P. W. 2009. Echinochloa colona versus "Echinochloa colonum"(Poaceae). Taxon 58:1366-1368. DOI: 10.1002/tax.584025. Note: discusses orthography, favors "colona"
Nicolson, D. H. 1986. Species epithets and gender information. Taxon 35:324. Note: discusses orthography, favors "colona"
Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Smith, A. C. 1979-1991. Flora vitiensis nova.
Soerjani, M. et al., eds. 1987. Weeds of rice in Indonesia.
Steyermark, J. A. et al., eds. 1995-. Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana. Note: Missouri Botanical Garden & Timber Press
't Mannetje, L. & R. M. Jones, eds. 1992. Forages. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 4:125-126.
Ugarte, E. et al. 2011. Vascular alien flora, Chile. Check List 7:365-380.
Veldkamp, J. F. 1997. pers. comm. Note: re. common names
Vibrans, H., ed. Malezas de México (on-line resource).
Wang, Z. et al., eds. 1990. Farmland weeds of China: a collection of coloured illustrative plates. Note: lists as "colonum"
Ward, D. B. 2005. A case of disputed orthography: is it Echinochloa colona; or is it Echinochloa colonum (Gramineae). Sida 21:2171-2183. Note: discusses orthography, favors "colonum"
Yabuno, T. 1962. Cytotaxonomic studies of the two cultivated species and the wild relatives in the genus Echinochloa. Cytologia 27:296-305.
Yamaguchi, H. et al. 2005. A molecular phylogeny of wild and cultivated Echinochloa in East Asia inferred from non-coding region sequences of trnT-L-F. Weed Biol. Managem. 5:210-218. Note: lists as "colonum"
Zuloaga, F. O. et al. 2003. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): III. Subfamilies Panicoideae, Aristidoideae, Arundinoideae, and Danthonioideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 46:215.

Common names

Language	Name	seq	Citation
English	awnless barnyard grass	1	FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
English	barnyard millet	1	Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
English	corn-panic grass	1	Veldkamp, J. F. 1997. pers. comm. Note: re. common names
English	Deccan grass	1	Veldkamp, J. F. 1997. pers. comm. Note: re. common names
English	jungle ricegrass	1	Beetle, A. A. 1970. Recommended plant names. Univ. Wyoming Agr. Exp. Sta. Res. J. 31
English	jungle-rice	1	Gould, F. W. 1975. The grasses of Texas
English	millet-rice	1	Veldkamp, J. F. 1997. pers. comm. Note: re. common names
English	shama millet	1	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
English	wild millet	1	Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
Afrikaans	watergras	2	Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
Arabic	ābu rokba	2	Boulos, L. 1999-. Flora of Egypt
French	blé du Dekkan	2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
German	Schamahirse	2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Portuguese (Brazil)	capim-arroz	2	Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
Portuguese (Brazil)	capim-da-colônia	2	Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
Portuguese (Brazil)	capituva	2	Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
Spanish	armilán	2	Catasús Guerra, L. J. 2002. Las gramíneas (Poaceae) de Cuba, II. Cavanillesia Altera 3:1-163.
Spanish	pasto del arroz	2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Spanish	zancaraña	2	Catasús Guerra, L. J. 2002. Las gramíneas (Poaceae) de Cuba, II. Cavanillesia Altera 3:1-163.

Distribution

order_code	Status	Continent	Subcontinent	Country	State	Note	Reference
2	Cultivated	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	India			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	Nepal			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	East Tropical Africa	Kenya			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	East Tropical Africa	Tanzania			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	Macaronesia	Spain	Canarias		Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	Northeast Tropical Africa	Ethiopia			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	Northeast Tropical Africa	Sudan			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	Northern Africa	Algeria			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	Northern Africa	Egypt			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	Northern Africa	Libya			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	Northern Africa	Morocco			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	Northern Africa	Tunisia			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	South Tropical Africa	Angola			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	South Tropical Africa	Zambia			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	Southern Africa	South Africa			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Côte D'Ivoire			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Guinea			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Niger			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Nigeria			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	West-Central Tropical Africa	Democratic Republic of the Congo			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	China	China			Wang, Z. et al., eds. 1990. Farmland weeds of China: a collection of coloured illustrative plates. Note: lists as "colonum"
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	Eastern Asia	Japan			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	Eastern Asia	Taiwan			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Cyprus			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Egypt	Sinai		Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Israel			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Jordan			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Lebanon			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Syria			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Turkey			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	Bangladesh			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	India			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	Nepal			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	Pakistan			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	Sri Lanka			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Indo-China	Myanmar			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Indo-China	Thailand			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Malesia	Indonesia			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Malesia	Malaysia			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Malesia	Philippines			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Australasia	Australia	Australia			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Europe	Eastern Europe	Ukraine			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Europe	Middle Europe	Austria			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Europe	Middle Europe	Czech Republic			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Europe	Middle Europe	Germany			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Europe	Northern Europe	Denmark			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Greece			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Italy			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Romania			Costea, M. & F. J. Tardif. 2002. Taxonomy of the most common weedy European Echinochloa species (Poaceae: Panicoideae) with special emphasis on characters of the lemma and caryopsis. Sida 20:525-548.
4	Naturalized	Europe	Southwestern Europe	France			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Europe	Southwestern Europe	Portugal			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Europe	Southwestern Europe	Spain			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Northern America		United States			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Pacific	North-Central Pacific	United States	Hawaii		Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Pacific	Northwestern Pacific	Marshall Islands			Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Pacific	Northwestern Pacific	Micronesia			Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Pacific	Northwestern Pacific	Palau			Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Pacific	South-Central Pacific	French Polynesia			Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Pacific	Southwestern Pacific	Fiji			Smith, A. C. 1979-1991. Flora vitiensis nova.
4	Naturalized	Pacific	Southwestern Pacific	New Caledonia			Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Pacific	Southwestern Pacific	Niue			Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Brazil	Brazil			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Caribbean	United States	Puerto Rico		International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Central America	Central America			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Central America	Costa Rica			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Northern South America	Venezuela			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Southern South America	Argentina			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Southern South America	Chile			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Southern South America	Paraguay			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Western South America	Colombia			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Western South America	Ecuador			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Western South America	Peru			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
6	Other					origin obscure

Cultivated
Asia-Tropical

INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: India, Nepal

Naturalized
Africa

MACARONESIA: Spain [Canarias]
NORTHERN AFRICA: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia
NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Ethiopia, Sudan
EAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Kenya, Tanzania
WEST-CENTRAL TROPICAL AFRICA: Democratic Republic of the Congo
WEST TROPICAL AFRICA: Côte D'Ivoire, Guinea, Niger, Nigeria
SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA: Angola, Zambia
SOUTHERN AFRICA: South Africa

Asia-Temperate

WESTERN ASIA: Cyprus, Egypt [Sinai], Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey
CHINA: China
EASTERN ASIA: Japan, Taiwan

Asia-Tropical

INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Pakistan
INDO-CHINA: Myanmar, Thailand
MALESIA: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines

Australasia

AUSTRALIA: Australia

Europe

NORTHERN EUROPE: Denmark
MIDDLE EUROPE: Austria, Czech Republic, Germany
EASTERN EUROPE: Ukraine
SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Greece, Italy, Romania
SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: Spain, France, Portugal

Northern America

REGION: United States

Pacific

NORTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC: United States [Hawaii]
NORTHWESTERN PACIFIC: Micronesia, Marshall Islands, Palau
SOUTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC: French Polynesia
SOUTHWESTERN PACIFIC: Fiji, New Caledonia, Niue

Southern America

CARIBBEAN: United States [Puerto Rico]
CENTRAL AMERICA: Central America, Costa Rica
NORTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Venezuela
BRAZIL: Brazil
WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA: Colombia, Ecuador, Peru
SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina, Chile, Paraguay

Other (origin obscure)

Reference(s)

Costea, M. & F. J. Tardif. 2002. Taxonomy of the most common weedy European Echinochloa species (Poaceae: Panicoideae) with special emphasis on characters of the lemma and caryopsis. Sida 20:525-548.
Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
Smith, A. C. 1979-1991. Flora vitiensis nova.
Wang, Z. et al., eds. 1990. Farmland weeds of China: a collection of coloured illustrative plates. Note: lists as "colonum"

Economic Uses

Usage	Type	Note	Reference
Weed		in mung-bean fields	Mahajan, G. & B. S. Chauhan. 2022. Interference of junglerice (Echinochloa colona) in mung bean. Weed Sci. 70:481-487. DOI: 10.1017/wsc.2022.24. Note: Echinochloa colona infestation could increase yield loss for mung-bean, retetntion of seeds in plants may allow for control
Weed	seed contaminant	potential	Lazarides, M. & B. Hince. 1993. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia
Weed	seed contaminant	potential	CIBA-GEIGY, Basel, Switzerland. Documenta CIBA-GEIGY (Grass weeds 1. 1980, 2. 1981; Monocot weeds 3. 1982; Dicot weeds 1. 1988) Note: lists as "colonum"

Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2026. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://npgstest.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=316659. Accessed 14 April 2026.