Taxon: Fraxinus nigra Marshall

Summary

Genus:

Fraxinus

Section:

Fraxinus

Family:

Oleaceae

Tribe:

Oleeae

Nomen number:

301

Place of publication:

Arbust. amer. 51. 1785

Verified:

03/23/2010 ARS Systematic Botanists.

Accessions:

380 (379 active, 25 available) in National Plant Germplasm System. (Map it)

Other conspecific taxa

Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations

Images (1 total. Click on image for more.)

Links

Forestry Images – from www.forestryimages.org

Conservation Status

Reference(s)

Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
Encke, F. et al. 1993. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 14. Auflage
Erhardt, W. et al. 2000. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 16. Auflage
Gleason, H. A. & A. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada, ed. 2
Hardin, J. W. 1974. Studies of the southeastern United States flora: 4. Oleaceae. Sida 5:276.
Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening
Kartesz, J. T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland.
Krüssmann, G. 1984. Manual of cultivated broad-leaved trees and shrubs (English translation of Handbuch der Laubgehölze. 1976)
Little, E. L., Jr. 1978. Important forest trees of the United States
Little, E. L., Jr. 1979. Checklist of United States trees, Agric. Handb. 541
Magee, D. W. & H. E. Ahles. 1999. Flora of the Northeast. A manual of the vascular flora of New England and adjacent New York.
McGregor, R. L. et al. (The Great Plains Flora Association). 1986. Flora of the Great Plains.
Miller, G. N. 1955. The genus Fraxinus, the ashes, in North America, north of Mexico. Mem. Cornell Univ. Agric. Exp. Sta. 335:48-49.
Wallander, E. 2008. Systematics of Fraxinus (Oleaceae) and evolution of dioecy. Pl. Syst. Evol. 273:28.
Whittemore, A. T. et al. 2018. Ploidy variation in Fraxinus L. (Oleaceae) of eastern North America: genome size diversity and taxonomy in a suddenly endangered genus. Int. J. Pl. Sci. 179:377-389. DOI: 10.1086/696688. Note: diploid
1961. Webster's third new international dictionary.

Common names

Language	Name	seq	Citation
English	black ash	1	Wiersema, J. H. & B. León. 1999. World economic plants: a standard reference CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
English	swamp ash	1	Little, E. L., Jr. 1979. Checklist of United States trees, Agric. Handb. 541
English	water ash	1	1961. Webster's third new international dictionary.
German	Schwarz-Esche	2	Erhardt, W. et al. 2000. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 16. Auflage
Swedish	svartask	2	Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)

Distribution

order_code	Status	Continent	Subcontinent	Country	State	Note	Reference
1	Native	Northern America	Eastern Canada	Canada	New Brunswick		Little, E. L., Jr. 1979. Checklist of United States trees, Agric. Handb. 541
1	Native	Northern America	Eastern Canada	Canada	Newfoundland and Labrador	w.	Little, E. L., Jr. 1979. Checklist of United States trees, Agric. Handb. 541
1	Native	Northern America	Eastern Canada	Canada	Nova Scotia		Little, E. L., Jr. 1979. Checklist of United States trees, Agric. Handb. 541
1	Native	Northern America	Eastern Canada	Canada	Ontario		Little, E. L., Jr. 1979. Checklist of United States trees, Agric. Handb. 541
1	Native	Northern America	Eastern Canada	Canada	Prince Edward Island		Little, E. L., Jr. 1979. Checklist of United States trees, Agric. Handb. 541
1	Native	Northern America	Eastern Canada	Canada	Québec	s.	Little, E. L., Jr. 1979. Checklist of United States trees, Agric. Handb. 541
1	Native	Northern America	North-Central U.S.A.	United States	Illinois		Little, E. L., Jr. 1979. Checklist of United States trees, Agric. Handb. 541
1	Native	Northern America	North-Central U.S.A.	United States	Iowa		Little, E. L., Jr. 1979. Checklist of United States trees, Agric. Handb. 541
1	Native	Northern America	North-Central U.S.A.	United States	Minnesota		Little, E. L., Jr. 1979. Checklist of United States trees, Agric. Handb. 541
1	Native	Northern America	North-Central U.S.A.	United States	North Dakota	n.e.	Little, E. L., Jr. 1979. Checklist of United States trees, Agric. Handb. 541
1	Native	Northern America	North-Central U.S.A.	United States	Wisconsin		Little, E. L., Jr. 1979. Checklist of United States trees, Agric. Handb. 541
1	Native	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	Connecticut		Magee, D. W. & H. E. Ahles. 1999. Flora of the Northeast. A manual of the vascular flora of New England and adjacent New York.
1	Native	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	Indiana		Little, E. L., Jr. 1979. Checklist of United States trees, Agric. Handb. 541
1	Native	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	Maine		Magee, D. W. & H. E. Ahles. 1999. Flora of the Northeast. A manual of the vascular flora of New England and adjacent New York.
1	Native	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	Massachusetts		Magee, D. W. & H. E. Ahles. 1999. Flora of the Northeast. A manual of the vascular flora of New England and adjacent New York.
1	Native	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	Michigan		Little, E. L., Jr. 1979. Checklist of United States trees, Agric. Handb. 541
1	Native	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	New Hampshire		Magee, D. W. & H. E. Ahles. 1999. Flora of the Northeast. A manual of the vascular flora of New England and adjacent New York.
1	Native	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	New Jersey		Little, E. L., Jr. 1979. Checklist of United States trees, Agric. Handb. 541
1	Native	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	New York		Magee, D. W. & H. E. Ahles. 1999. Flora of the Northeast. A manual of the vascular flora of New England and adjacent New York.
1	Native	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	Ohio		Little, E. L., Jr. 1979. Checklist of United States trees, Agric. Handb. 541
1	Native	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	Pennsylvania		Little, E. L., Jr. 1979. Checklist of United States trees, Agric. Handb. 541
1	Native	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	Rhode Island		Magee, D. W. & H. E. Ahles. 1999. Flora of the Northeast. A manual of the vascular flora of New England and adjacent New York.
1	Native	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	Vermont		Magee, D. W. & H. E. Ahles. 1999. Flora of the Northeast. A manual of the vascular flora of New England and adjacent New York.
1	Native	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	West Virginia		Little, E. L., Jr. 1979. Checklist of United States trees, Agric. Handb. 541
1	Native	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Delaware	n.	Little, E. L., Jr. 1979. Checklist of United States trees, Agric. Handb. 541
1	Native	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Maryland	n.	Little, E. L., Jr. 1979. Checklist of United States trees, Agric. Handb. 541
1	Native	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Virginia	n.	Little, E. L., Jr. 1979. Checklist of United States trees, Agric. Handb. 541
1	Native	Northern America	Western Canada	Canada	Manitoba	s.e.	Little, E. L., Jr. 1979. Checklist of United States trees, Agric. Handb. 541
2	Cultivated					also cult.

Native
Northern America

EASTERN CANADA: Canada [New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador (w.), Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Québec (s.)]
WESTERN CANADA: Canada [Manitoba (s.e.)]
NORTHEASTERN U.S.A.: United States [Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia]
NORTH-CENTRAL U.S.A.: United States [Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, North Dakota (n.e.), Wisconsin]
SOUTHEASTERN U.S.A.: United States [Delaware (n.), Maryland (n.), Virginia (n.)]

Cultivated (also cult.)

Reference(s)

Little, E. L., Jr. 1979. Checklist of United States trees, Agric. Handb. 541
Magee, D. W. & H. E. Ahles. 1999. Flora of the Northeast. A manual of the vascular flora of New England and adjacent New York.

Economic Uses

Usage	Type	Note	Reference
Environmental	ornamental		Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening
Environmental	shade/shelter		Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening
Materials	wood	timber	Little, E. L., Jr. 1978. Important forest trees of the United States
Medicines	folklore		Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs

Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2026. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://npgstest.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=301. Accessed 14 April 2026.