Taxon: Pinus sylvestris L.

Summary

Genus:

Pinus

Subgenus:

Pinus

Section:

Pinus

Subsection:

Pinus

Family:

Pinaceae

Nomen number:

28552

Place of publication:

Sp. pl. 2:1000. 1753

Typification:

View in Linnean Typification Project

Verified:

05/16/2008 ARS Systematic Botanists.

Accessions:

489 (455 active, 3 available) in National Plant Germplasm System. (Map it)

Other conspecific taxa

Pinus sylvestris L. var. hamata Steven (4 active accession[s])
Pinus sylvestris L. var. mongolica Litv. (3 active accession[s])
Pinus sylvestris L. var. sylvestriformis (Taken.) W. C. Cheng & C. D. Chu (1 active accession[s])
Pinus sylvestris L. var. sylvestris (0 active accession[s])

Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations

Autonym(s)
Pinus sylvestris L. f. sylvestris

Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Pinus nigra J. F. Arnold f. pygmaea (Carrière) Rehder
Pinus sylvestris L. f. nana (Carrière) Lipa
Pinus sylvestris L. var. lapponica Fr. ex Hartm.
Pinus sylvestris L. var. rigensis Loudon

Images (1 total. Click on image for more.)

Conservation Status

Reference(s)

University of Georgia Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health
Afonin, A. N., S. L. Greene, N. I. Dzyubenko, & A. N. Frolov, eds. Interactive agricultural ecological atlas of Russia and neighboring countries. Economic plants and their diseases, pests and weeds (on-line resource).
Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
APHIS. Agricultural Risk Management System United States Department of Agriculture.
Boutelje, J. B. 1980. Encyclopedia of world timbers, names and technical literature Note: lists as "Pinus silvestris"
Craker, L. E. & J. E. Simon, eds. 1986-1987. Herbs, spices, and medicinal plants, 2 vols.
Dirr, M. A. 1998. Manual of woody landscape plants: their identification, ornamental characteristics, culture, propagation and uses, ed. 5. 744. Note: re. Christmas tree
Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
Encke, F. et al. 1993. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 14. Auflage
Erhardt, W. et al. 2002. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 17. Auflage
Farjon, A. 1984. Pines, drawings and descriptions of the genus Pinus
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening
Jalas, J. & J. Suominen. 1972-. Atlas florae europaeae.
Kartesz, J. T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland.
Kitagawa, M. 1979. Neo-lineamenta florae Manshuricae.
Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR. Note: lists as "silvestris"
Krasnoborov, I. M., ed. 2000-. Flora of Siberia (English translation)
Lee, Y. N. 1997. Flora of Korea.
Leung, A. Y. & S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2 419.
Little, E. L., Jr. 1979. Checklist of United States trees, Agric. Handb. 541
Mabberley, D. J. 1997. The plant-book: a portable dictionary of the vascular plants, ed. 2
McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
Personal Care Products Council. International Nomenclature Cosmetic Ingredient
Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
Skvortsov, A. K., ed. 2006. Flora of the Lower Volga region 1:62-63.
Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
2018. Mid-Atlantic invasive plant species (on-line resource)

Common names

Language	Name	note	seq	Citation
English	Scotch pine	but this adjective is best avoided, may cause offence in Scotland	1	Little, E. L., Jr. 1979. Checklist of United States trees, Agric. Handb. 541
English	Scots pine		1	Wiersema, J. H. & B. León. 1999. World economic plants: a standard reference CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
French	pin sylvestre		2	Craker, L. E. & J. E. Simon, eds. 1986-1987. Herbs, spices, and medicinal plants, 2 vols.
German	Föhre		2	Encke, F. et al. 1993. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 14. Auflage
German	gemeine Kiefer		2	Craker, L. E. & J. E. Simon, eds. 1986-1987. Herbs, spices, and medicinal plants, 2 vols.
German	Waldkiefer		2	Erhardt, W. et al. 2002. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 17. Auflage
Italian	pino silvestre		2	Craker, L. E. & J. E. Simon, eds. 1986-1987. Herbs, spices, and medicinal plants, 2 vols.
Spanish	pino sylvestris		2	Craker, L. E. & J. E. Simon, eds. 1986-1987. Herbs, spices, and medicinal plants, 2 vols.
Swedish	tall		2	Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
Transcribed Chinese	ou zhou chi song		2	Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
Transcribed Korean	gujusonamu		2	Lee, Y. N. 1997. Flora of Korea.

Distribution

order_code	Status	Continent	Subcontinent	Country	State	Note	Reference
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Caucasus	Armenia			Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR. Note: lists as "silvestris"
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Caucasus	Georgia			Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR. Note: lists as "silvestris"
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Caucasus	Russian Federation	Checheno-Ingushetia		Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR. Note: lists as "silvestris"
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Caucasus	Russian Federation	Dagestan		Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR. Note: lists as "silvestris"
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Caucasus	Russian Federation	Kabardino-Balkaria		Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR. Note: lists as "silvestris"
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Caucasus	Russian Federation	North Ossetia		Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR. Note: lists as "silvestris"
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Heilongjiang Sheng		Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Jilin Sheng		Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Nei Mongol Zizhiqu	n.	Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Middle Asia	Kazakhstan			Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR. Note: lists as "silvestris"
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Mongolia	Mongolia
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Russian Far East	Russian Federation	Amur		Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR. Note: lists as "silvestris"
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Russian Far East	Russian Federation	Habarovskij kraj		Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR. Note: lists as "silvestris"
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Russian Far East	Russian Federation	Magadanskaja oblast'		Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR. Note: lists as "silvestris"
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Russian Far East	Russian Federation	Primorye		Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR. Note: lists as "silvestris"
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Siberia	Russian Federation	Altay		Krasnoborov, I. M., ed. 2000-. Flora of Siberia (English translation)
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Siberia	Russian Federation	Buryatia		Krasnoborov, I. M., ed. 2000-. Flora of Siberia (English translation)
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Siberia	Russian Federation	Chita		Krasnoborov, I. M., ed. 2000-. Flora of Siberia (English translation)
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Siberia	Russian Federation	Gorno-Altay		Krasnoborov, I. M., ed. 2000-. Flora of Siberia (English translation)
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Siberia	Russian Federation	Hanty-Mansijskij avtonomnyj okrug		Krasnoborov, I. M., ed. 2000-. Flora of Siberia (English translation)
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Siberia	Russian Federation	Irkutsk		Krasnoborov, I. M., ed. 2000-. Flora of Siberia (English translation)
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Siberia	Russian Federation	Jamalo-Neneckij avtonomnyj okrug		Krasnoborov, I. M., ed. 2000-. Flora of Siberia (English translation)
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Siberia	Russian Federation	Kemerovskaja oblast'		Krasnoborov, I. M., ed. 2000-. Flora of Siberia (English translation)
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Siberia	Russian Federation	Krasnoyarsk		Krasnoborov, I. M., ed. 2000-. Flora of Siberia (English translation)
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Siberia	Russian Federation	Kurganskaja oblast'		Krasnoborov, I. M., ed. 2000-. Flora of Siberia (English translation)
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Siberia	Russian Federation	Novosibirsk		Krasnoborov, I. M., ed. 2000-. Flora of Siberia (English translation)
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Siberia	Russian Federation	Omsk		Krasnoborov, I. M., ed. 2000-. Flora of Siberia (English translation)
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Siberia	Russian Federation	Tomsk		Krasnoborov, I. M., ed. 2000-. Flora of Siberia (English translation)
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Siberia	Russian Federation	Tyumen		Krasnoborov, I. M., ed. 2000-. Flora of Siberia (English translation)
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Siberia	Russian Federation	Tyva, Respublika		Krasnoborov, I. M., ed. 2000-. Flora of Siberia (English translation)
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Siberia	Russian Federation	Yakutia-Sakha		Krasnoborov, I. M., ed. 2000-. Flora of Siberia (English translation)
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Turkey
1	Native	Europe	Eastern Europe	Belarus			Jalas, J. & J. Suominen. 1972-. Atlas florae europaeae.
1	Native	Europe	Eastern Europe	Estonia			Jalas, J. & J. Suominen. 1972-. Atlas florae europaeae.
1	Native	Europe	Eastern Europe	Latvia			Jalas, J. & J. Suominen. 1972-. Atlas florae europaeae.
1	Native	Europe	Eastern Europe	Lithuania			Jalas, J. & J. Suominen. 1972-. Atlas florae europaeae.
1	Native	Europe	Eastern Europe	Russian Federation	Saratov		Skvortsov, A. K., ed. 2006. Flora of the Lower Volga region 1:62-63.
1	Native	Europe	Eastern Europe	Russian Federation	Volgogradskaja oblast'		Skvortsov, A. K., ed. 2006. Flora of the Lower Volga region 1:62-63.
1	Native	Europe	Eastern Europe	Russian Federation-European part	European part		Jalas, J. & J. Suominen. 1972-. Atlas florae europaeae.
1	Native	Europe	Eastern Europe	Ukraine		incl. Krym	Jalas, J. & J. Suominen. 1972-. Atlas florae europaeae.
1	Native	Europe	Middle Europe	Austria			Jalas, J. & J. Suominen. 1972-. Atlas florae europaeae.
1	Native	Europe	Middle Europe	Czech Republic			Jalas, J. & J. Suominen. 1972-. Atlas florae europaeae.
1	Native	Europe	Middle Europe	Germany			Jalas, J. & J. Suominen. 1972-. Atlas florae europaeae.
1	Native	Europe	Middle Europe	Hungary		w.	Jalas, J. & J. Suominen. 1972-. Atlas florae europaeae.
1	Native	Europe	Middle Europe	Poland			Jalas, J. & J. Suominen. 1972-. Atlas florae europaeae.
1	Native	Europe	Middle Europe	Slovakia			Jalas, J. & J. Suominen. 1972-. Atlas florae europaeae.
1	Native	Europe	Middle Europe	Switzerland			Jalas, J. & J. Suominen. 1972-. Atlas florae europaeae.
1	Native	Europe	Northern Europe	Finland			Jalas, J. & J. Suominen. 1972-. Atlas florae europaeae.
1	Native	Europe	Northern Europe	Norway			Jalas, J. & J. Suominen. 1972-. Atlas florae europaeae.
1	Native	Europe	Northern Europe	Sweden			Jalas, J. & J. Suominen. 1972-. Atlas florae europaeae.
1	Native	Europe	Northern Europe	United Kingdom	Scotland		Jalas, J. & J. Suominen. 1972-. Atlas florae europaeae.
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Albania			Jalas, J. & J. Suominen. 1972-. Atlas florae europaeae.
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Bosnia and Herzegovina			Jalas, J. & J. Suominen. 1972-. Atlas florae europaeae.
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Bulgaria			Jalas, J. & J. Suominen. 1972-. Atlas florae europaeae.
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Croatia			Jalas, J. & J. Suominen. 1972-. Atlas florae europaeae.
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Greece			Jalas, J. & J. Suominen. 1972-. Atlas florae europaeae.
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Italy		n.	Jalas, J. & J. Suominen. 1972-. Atlas florae europaeae.
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Montenegro			Jalas, J. & J. Suominen. 1972-. Atlas florae europaeae.
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	North Macedonia			Jalas, J. & J. Suominen. 1972-. Atlas florae europaeae.
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Romania			Jalas, J. & J. Suominen. 1972-. Atlas florae europaeae.
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Serbia			Jalas, J. & J. Suominen. 1972-. Atlas florae europaeae.
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Slovenia			Jalas, J. & J. Suominen. 1972-. Atlas florae europaeae.
1	Native	Europe	Southwestern Europe	France			Jalas, J. & J. Suominen. 1972-. Atlas florae europaeae.
1	Native	Europe	Southwestern Europe	Spain			Jalas, J. & J. Suominen. 1972-. Atlas florae europaeae.
2	Cultivated					also cult.

Native
Asia-Temperate

WESTERN ASIA: Turkey
CAUCASUS: Armenia, Georgia, Russian Federation [Checheno-Ingushetia, Dagestan, Kabardino-Balkaria, North Ossetia]
SIBERIA: Russian Federation [Altay, Buryatia, Chita, Gorno-Altay, Hanty-Mansijskij avtonomnyj okrug, Irkutsk, Jamalo-Neneckij avtonomnyj okrug, Kemerovskaja oblast', Krasnoyarsk, Kurganskaja oblast', Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Tyumen, Tyva, Respublika, Yakutia-Sakha]
MIDDLE ASIA: Kazakhstan
MONGOLIA: Mongolia
RUSSIAN FAR EAST: Russian Federation [Amur, Habarovskij kraj, Magadanskaja oblast', Primorye]
CHINA: China [Heilongjiang Sheng, Jilin Sheng, Nei Mongol Zizhiqu (n.)]

Europe

NORTHERN EUROPE: Finland, United Kingdom [Scotland], Norway, Sweden
MIDDLE EUROPE: Austria, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary (w.), Poland, Slovakia
EASTERN EUROPE: Russian Federation-European part [European part], Belarus, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Russian Federation [Saratov, Volgogradskaja oblast'], Ukraine (incl. Krym)
SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Albania, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Greece, Croatia, Italy (n.), North Macedonia, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia
SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: Spain, France

Cultivated (also cult.)

Reference(s)

Jalas, J. & J. Suominen. 1972-. Atlas florae europaeae.
Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR. Note: lists as "silvestris"
Krasnoborov, I. M., ed. 2000-. Flora of Siberia (English translation)
Skvortsov, A. K., ed. 2006. Flora of the Lower Volga region 1:62-63.
Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).

Economic Uses

Usage	Type	Note	Reference
Environmental	agroforestry		Dirr, M. A. 1998. Manual of woody landscape plants: their identification, ornamental characteristics, culture, propagation and uses, ed. 5. 744. Note: re. Christmas tree
Environmental	ornamental		Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening
Food additives	flavoring		Leung, A. Y. & S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2 419.
Materials	gum/resin		Mabberley, D. J. 1997. The plant-book: a portable dictionary of the vascular plants, ed. 2
Materials	lipids	timber	Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening
Materials	tannin/dyestuff		Mabberley, D. J. 1997. The plant-book: a portable dictionary of the vascular plants, ed. 2
Materials	wood		Leung, A. Y. & S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2 419.
Medicines	folklore		Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
Medicines	folklore		McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
Social	religious/secular	used as a Christmas tree	Dirr, M. A. 1998. Manual of woody landscape plants: their identification, ornamental characteristics, culture, propagation and uses, ed. 5. 744. Note: re. Christmas tree

Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2026. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://npgstest.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=28552. Accessed 17 April 2026.