Taxon:  Fraxinus excelsior L.



Summary
Genus:
Fraxinus
Section:
Fraxinus
Family:
Oleaceae
Tribe:
Oleeae
Nomen number:
282
Place of publication:
Sp. pl. 2:1057.  1753
Verified:
03/23/2010 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
27 (17  active, 4  available) in National Plant Germplasm System.  (Map it)
Other conspecific taxa
Conservation Status

Reference(s)
  1. Afonin, A. N., S. L. Greene, N. I. Dzyubenko, & A. N. Frolov, eds. Interactive agricultural ecological atlas of Russia and neighboring countries. Economic plants and their diseases, pests and weeds (on-line resource).
  2. Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
  3. APHIS. Agricultural Risk Management System United States Department of Agriculture.
  4. Cooper, M. R. & A. W. Johnson. 1998. Poisonous plants and fungi in Britain: animal and human poisoning
  5. Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
  6. Encke, F. et al. 1993. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 14. Auflage
  7. Erhardt, W. et al. 2000. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 16. Auflage
  8. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
  9. Greuter, W. et al., eds. 1984-. Med-Checklist.
  10. Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
  11. Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening
  12. Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
  13. Kartesz, J. T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland.
  14. Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
  15. Laasimer, L. et al., eds. 1993-. Flora of the Baltic countries; compendium of vascular plants.
  16. McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
  17. Mouterde, P. 1966-. Nouvelle flore du Liban et de la Syrie.
  18. Personal Care Products Council. International Nomenclature Cosmetic Ingredient
  19. Press, J. R. & M. J. Short, eds. 1994. Flora of Madeira.
  20. Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963-. Flora iranica.
  21. Stace, C. 1995. New flora of the British Isles.
  22. Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
  23. Wallander, E. 2008. Systematics of Fraxinus (Oleaceae) and evolution of dioecy. Pl. Syst. Evol. 273:28.
  24. Walters, S. M. et al., eds. 1986-2000. European garden flora.
Common names
LanguageNameAlternate namenoteseqCitation
Englishash  1Stace, C. 1995. New flora of the British Isles.
Englishblack ash  1Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
EnglishEuropean ash  1Wiersema, J. H. & B. León. 1999. World economic plants: a standard reference CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
Frenchfrêne commun  2Erhardt, W. et al. 2000. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 16. Auflage
Germangewöhnliche Esche  2Erhardt, W. et al. 2000. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 16. Auflage
Swedishask  2Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
Transliterated Russianjasen vysokij  2Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
Distribution
order_codeStatusContinentSubcontinentCountryStateNoteReference
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusArmenia  Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusAzerbaijan  Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusGeorgia  Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusRussian Federation-CiscaucasiaCiscaucasia Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaIran  Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963-. Flora iranica.
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaSyria  Mouterde, P. 1966-. Nouvelle flore du Liban et de la Syrie.
1NativeEuropeEastern EuropeEstonia  Laasimer, L. et al., eds. 1993-. Flora of the Baltic countries; compendium of vascular plants.
1NativeEuropeEastern EuropeLatvia  Laasimer, L. et al., eds. 1993-. Flora of the Baltic countries; compendium of vascular plants.
1NativeEuropeEastern EuropeLithuania  Laasimer, L. et al., eds. 1993-. Flora of the Baltic countries; compendium of vascular plants.
1NativeEuropeEastern EuropeMoldova  Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
1NativeEuropeEastern EuropeRussian Federation-European partEuropean part Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
1NativeEuropeEastern EuropeUkraine incl. KrymKomarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeAustria  Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeCzechoslovakia  Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeHungary  Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeNetherlands  Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropePoland  Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeSwitzerland  Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1NativeEuropeNorthern EuropeDenmark  Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1NativeEuropeNorthern EuropeIreland  Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1NativeEuropeNorthern EuropeNorway  Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeBulgaria  Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeItaly  Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeRomania  Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1NativeEuropeSouthwestern EuropeFrance  Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1NativeEuropeSouthwestern EuropeSpain  Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
2Cultivated    also cult. 
Native
Asia-Temperate
  • WESTERN ASIA: Iran, Syria
  • CAUCASUS: Russian Federation-Ciscaucasia [Ciscaucasia], Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia
Europe
  • NORTHERN EUROPE: Denmark, Ireland, Norway
  • MIDDLE EUROPE: Czechoslovakia, Austria, Switzerland, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland
  • EASTERN EUROPE: Russian Federation-European part [European part], Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Moldova, Ukraine (incl. Krym)
  • SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Bulgaria, Italy, Romania
  • SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: Spain, France
Cultivated (also cult.)

Reference(s)
  1. Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
  2. Laasimer, L. et al., eds. 1993-. Flora of the Baltic countries; compendium of vascular plants.
  3. Mouterde, P. 1966-. Nouvelle flore du Liban et de la Syrie.
  4. Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963-. Flora iranica.
  5. Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
Economic Uses
UsageTypeNoteReference
Environmentalornamental Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening
Environmentalornamental Walters, S. M. et al., eds. 1986-2000. European garden flora.
Materialswood Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
Medicinesfolklore Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
Medicinesfolklore McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
Vertebrate poisonsmammals Cooper, M. R. & A. W. Johnson. 1998. Poisonous plants and fungi in Britain: animal and human poisoning
Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2026. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://npgstest.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=282. Accessed 14 April 2026.