Taxon:  Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br.



Summary
Genus:
Alstonia
Family:
Apocynaceae
Subfamily:
Rauvolfioideae
Tribe:
Alstonieae
Nomen number:
2688
Place of publication:
Asclepiadeae 65.  1810 (Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1:75.  1811)
Verified:
01/19/2012 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
4 (1  active, 1  available) in National Plant Germplasm System.  (Map it)
Other conspecific taxa
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Basionym
Echites scholaris L.

No images


Conservation Status

Reference(s)
  1. University of Georgia Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health
  2. APHIS. Agricultural Risk Management System United States Department of Agriculture.
  3. Backer, C. A. & R. C. Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr. 1963-1968. Flora of Java.
  4. Boutelje, J. B. 1980. Encyclopedia of world timbers, names and technical literature
  5. Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959-. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae.
  6. Dassanayake, M. D. & F. R. Fosberg, eds. 1980-. A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon.
  7. Erhardt, W. et al. 2008. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen 2:1196.
  8. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
  9. Forster, P. I. 1992. A taxonomic revision of Alstonia (Apocynaceae) in Australia. Austral. Syst. Bot. 5:751-752.
  10. George, A. S., ed. 1980-. Flora of Australia.
  11. Grierson, A. J. C. & D. J. Long. 1984-. Flora of Bhutan including a record of plants from Sikkim.
  12. Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
  13. Hara, H. et al. 1978-1982. An enumeration of the flowering plants of Nepal.
  14. Hnatiuk, R. J. 1990. Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series No. 11.
  15. Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening
  16. Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
  17. Kiew, R. et al., eds. 2010-. Flora of peninsular Malaysia Note: Forest Research Institute Malaysia.
  18. Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada
  19. McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
  20. Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970-. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
  21. Personal Care Products Council. International Nomenclature Cosmetic Ingredient
  22. Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
  23. Royen, P. van et al. 1964-1970. Manual of the forest trees of Papua and New Guinea.
  24. Saldanha, C. J. & D. H. Nicolson. 1976. Flora of Hassan district.
  25. Sidiyasa, K. 1997. Taxonomy, phylogeny, and wood anatomy of Alstonia (Apocynaceae). Blumea suppl. 11:176-179.
  26. Smitinand, T. & K. Larsen, eds. 1970-. Flora of Thailand.
  27. Soerianegara, I. & R. H. M. J. Lemmens, eds. 1993. Timber trees: major commercial timbers. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 5(1):88-89.
  28. Steenis, C. G. G. J. van, ed. 1948-. Flora malesiana.
  29. Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
Common names
LanguageNameAlternate namenoteseqCitation
Englishblackboardtree  1Soerianegara, I. & R. H. M. J. Lemmens, eds. 1993. Timber trees: major commercial timbers. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 5(1):88-89.
Englishdeviltree  1Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening
Englishditabark  1Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening
Englishmilkwood-pine  1Soerianegara, I. & R. H. M. J. Lemmens, eds. 1993. Timber trees: major commercial timbers. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 5(1):88-89.
Englishmilky-bean  1Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
Englishmilky-pine  1Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
Englishpali-mari  1Erhardt, W. et al. 2008. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen 2:1196.
Englishpalmira alstonia  1Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
Englishwhite cheesewood  1Soerianegara, I. & R. H. M. J. Lemmens, eds. 1993. Timber trees: major commercial timbers. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 5(1):88-89.
Englishwhite-pine  1Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
Chinesetang jiao shu糖胶树 2Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
Frenchechite  2Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
GermanTeufelsbaum  2Erhardt, W. et al. 2008. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen 2:1196.
Indonesianpulai  2Soerianegara, I. & R. H. M. J. Lemmens, eds. 1993. Timber trees: major commercial timbers. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 5(1):88-89.
Malaypulai  2Soerianegara, I. & R. H. M. J. Lemmens, eds. 1993. Timber trees: major commercial timbers. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 5(1):88-89.
Distribution
order_codeStatusContinentSubcontinentCountryStateNoteReference
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaGuangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqus.w.Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaYunnan Shengs.Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentBangladesh  Sidiyasa, K. 1997. Taxonomy, phylogeny, and wood anatomy of Alstonia (Apocynaceae). Blumea suppl. 11:176-179.
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentBhutan  Grierson, A. J. C. & D. J. Long. 1984-. Flora of Bhutan including a record of plants from Sikkim.
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentIndia  Soerianegara, I. & R. H. M. J. Lemmens, eds. 1993. Timber trees: major commercial timbers. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 5(1):88-89.
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentNepal  Hara, H. et al. 1978-1982. An enumeration of the flowering plants of Nepal.
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentPakistan  Steenis, C. G. G. J. van, ed. 1948-. Flora malesiana.
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentSri Lanka  Dassanayake, M. D. & F. R. Fosberg, eds. 1980-. A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon.
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaCambodia  Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaLaos  Steenis, C. G. G. J. van, ed. 1948-. Flora malesiana.
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaMyanmar  Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaThailand  Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaVietnam  Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1NativeAsia-TropicalMalesiaIndonesia  Soerianegara, I. & R. H. M. J. Lemmens, eds. 1993. Timber trees: major commercial timbers. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 5(1):88-89.
1NativeAsia-TropicalMalesiaMalaysia  Soerianegara, I. & R. H. M. J. Lemmens, eds. 1993. Timber trees: major commercial timbers. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 5(1):88-89.
1NativeAsia-TropicalMalesiaPhilippines  Soerianegara, I. & R. H. M. J. Lemmens, eds. 1993. Timber trees: major commercial timbers. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 5(1):88-89.
1NativeAsia-TropicalPapuasiaPapua New Guinea  Soerianegara, I. & R. H. M. J. Lemmens, eds. 1993. Timber trees: major commercial timbers. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 5(1):88-89.
1NativeAsia-TropicalPapuasiaSolomon Islands  Sidiyasa, K. 1997. Taxonomy, phylogeny, and wood anatomy of Alstonia (Apocynaceae). Blumea suppl. 11:176-179.
1NativeAustralasiaAustraliaAustraliaQueensland George, A. S., ed. 1980-. Flora of Australia.
2Cultivated    also cult. elsewhere 
2CultivatedAfricaNorthern AfricaEgypt  Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateChinaChina  Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentIndia  Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaVietnam  Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalMalesiaIndonesiaJawa Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
Native
Asia-Temperate
  • CHINA: China [Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu (s.w.), Yunnan Sheng (s.)]
Asia-Tropical
  • INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Pakistan
  • PAPUASIA: Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands
  • INDO-CHINA: Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam
  • MALESIA: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines
Australasia
  • AUSTRALIA: Australia [Queensland]
Cultivated

  • REGION:
Africa
  • NORTHERN AFRICA: Egypt
Asia-Temperate
  • CHINA: China
Asia-Tropical
  • INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: India
  • INDO-CHINA: Vietnam
  • MALESIA: Indonesia [Jawa]

Reference(s)
  1. Dassanayake, M. D. & F. R. Fosberg, eds. 1980-. A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon.
  2. George, A. S., ed. 1980-. Flora of Australia.
  3. Grierson, A. J. C. & D. J. Long. 1984-. Flora of Bhutan including a record of plants from Sikkim.
  4. Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
  5. Hara, H. et al. 1978-1982. An enumeration of the flowering plants of Nepal.
  6. Sidiyasa, K. 1997. Taxonomy, phylogeny, and wood anatomy of Alstonia (Apocynaceae). Blumea suppl. 11:176-179.
  7. Soerianegara, I. & R. H. M. J. Lemmens, eds. 1993. Timber trees: major commercial timbers. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 5(1):88-89.
  8. Steenis, C. G. G. J. van, ed. 1948-. Flora malesiana.
  9. Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
Economic Uses
UsageTypeNoteReference
Environmentalornamental Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada
Environmentalornamental Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening
Materialsfiberfor making paperSteenis, C. G. G. J. van, ed. 1948-. Flora malesiana.
MaterialswoodtimberBoutelje, J. B. 1980. Encyclopedia of world timbers, names and technical literature
Medicinesfolklore Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
Medicinesfolklore McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2026. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://npgstest.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=2688. Accessed 15 April 2026.