Taxon:  Alstonia macrophylla Wall. ex G. Don



Summary
Genus:
Alstonia
Family:
Apocynaceae
Subfamily:
Rauvolfioideae
Tribe:
Alstonieae
Nomen number:
2687
Place of publication:
Gen. hist. 4:87.  1837 (Wallich, Num. list no. 1648.  1829, nom. nud.)
Verified:
01/19/2012 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
6 (1  active, 1  available) in National Plant Germplasm System.  (Map it)
Other conspecific taxa
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Images (1 total. Click on image for more.)
Seed

Conservation Status

Reference(s)
  1. University of Georgia Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health
  2. PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource). Note: mentions
  3. Boutelje, J. B. 1980. Encyclopedia of world timbers, names and technical literature
  4. Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959-. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae.
  5. Dassanayake, M. D. & F. R. Fosberg, eds. 1980-. A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon.
  6. Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
  7. Kiew, R. et al., eds. 2010-. Flora of peninsular Malaysia Note: Forest Research Institute Malaysia.
  8. Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada
  9. Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970-. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
  10. Parham, J. W. 1972. Plants of the Fiji islands, revised ed.
  11. Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
  12. Sidiyasa, K. 1997. Taxonomy, phylogeny, and wood anatomy of Alstonia (Apocynaceae). Blumea suppl. 11:149-153.
  13. Smitinand, T. & K. Larsen, eds. 1970-. Flora of Thailand.
  14. Soerianegara, I. & R. H. M. J. Lemmens, eds. 1993. Timber trees: major commercial timbers. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 5(1):88.
  15. Steenis, C. G. G. J. van, ed. 1948-. Flora malesiana.
  16. Valkenburg, J. L. C. H. van & N. Bunyapraphatsara, eds. 2001. Medicinal and poisonous plants 2. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 12(2):66-67.
  17. Wagner, W. L. et al. 1997. Contributions to the Flora of the Hawai`i. VI. Occas. Pap. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Mus. 48:51-65.
  18. Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
Common names
LanguageNameAlternate namenoteseqCitation
Englishhard alstonia  1Soerianegara, I. & R. H. M. J. Lemmens, eds. 1993. Timber trees: major commercial timbers. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 5(1):88.
Englishhard milkwood  1Valkenburg, J. L. C. H. van & N. Bunyapraphatsara, eds. 2001. Medicinal and poisonous plants 2. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 12(2):66-67.
Philippinebatino  2Soerianegara, I. & R. H. M. J. Lemmens, eds. 1993. Timber trees: major commercial timbers. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 5(1):88.
Distribution
order_codeStatusContinentSubcontinentCountryStateNoteReference
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentSri Lanka  Valkenburg, J. L. C. H. van & N. Bunyapraphatsara, eds. 2001. Medicinal and poisonous plants 2. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 12(2):66-67.
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaCambodia  Valkenburg, J. L. C. H. van & N. Bunyapraphatsara, eds. 2001. Medicinal and poisonous plants 2. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 12(2):66-67.
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaIndiaAndaman and Nicobar Islands Valkenburg, J. L. C. H. van & N. Bunyapraphatsara, eds. 2001. Medicinal and poisonous plants 2. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 12(2):66-67.
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaThailand  Valkenburg, J. L. C. H. van & N. Bunyapraphatsara, eds. 2001. Medicinal and poisonous plants 2. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 12(2):66-67.
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaVietnam  Valkenburg, J. L. C. H. van & N. Bunyapraphatsara, eds. 2001. Medicinal and poisonous plants 2. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 12(2):66-67.
1NativeAsia-TropicalMalesiaIndonesiaKalimantan Soerianegara, I. & R. H. M. J. Lemmens, eds. 1993. Timber trees: major commercial timbers. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 5(1):88.
1NativeAsia-TropicalMalesiaIndonesiaMaluku Soerianegara, I. & R. H. M. J. Lemmens, eds. 1993. Timber trees: major commercial timbers. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 5(1):88.
1NativeAsia-TropicalMalesiaIndonesiaSumateran.Soerianegara, I. & R. H. M. J. Lemmens, eds. 1993. Timber trees: major commercial timbers. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 5(1):88.
1NativeAsia-TropicalMalesiaMalaysia  Valkenburg, J. L. C. H. van & N. Bunyapraphatsara, eds. 2001. Medicinal and poisonous plants 2. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 12(2):66-67.
1NativeAsia-TropicalMalesiaPhilippines  Soerianegara, I. & R. H. M. J. Lemmens, eds. 1993. Timber trees: major commercial timbers. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 5(1):88.
1NativeAsia-TropicalMalesiaSingapore  Kiew, R. et al., eds. 2010-. Flora of peninsular Malaysia Note: Forest Research Institute Malaysia.
1NativeAsia-TropicalPapuasiaPapua New Guinea  Sidiyasa, K. 1997. Taxonomy, phylogeny, and wood anatomy of Alstonia (Apocynaceae). Blumea suppl. 11:149-153.
2CultivatedAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaAngola  PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource). Note: mentions
2CultivatedAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaZimbabwe  PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource). Note: mentions
2CultivatedAfricaWest Tropical AfricaCôte D'Ivoire  PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource). Note: mentions
2CultivatedAfricaWest Tropical AfricaSierra Leone  PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource). Note: mentions
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateChinaChinaGuangdong Shengs.Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateChinaChinaYunnan Shengs.Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentIndia  Valkenburg, J. L. C. H. van & N. Bunyapraphatsara, eds. 2001. Medicinal and poisonous plants 2. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 12(2):66-67.
4NaturalizedPacificNorth-Central PacificUnited StatesHawaii Wagner, W. L. et al. 1997. Contributions to the Flora of the Hawai`i. VI. Occas. Pap. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Mus. 48:51-65.
Native
Asia-Tropical
  • INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: Sri Lanka
  • PAPUASIA: Papua New Guinea
  • INDO-CHINA: India [Andaman and Nicobar Islands], Cambodia, Thailand, Vietnam
  • MALESIA: Indonesia [Kalimantan, Maluku, Sumatera (n.)], Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore
Cultivated
Africa
  • WEST TROPICAL AFRICA: Côte D'Ivoire, Sierra Leone
  • SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA: Angola, Zimbabwe
Asia-Temperate
  • CHINA: China [Guangdong Sheng (s.), Yunnan Sheng (s.)]
Asia-Tropical
  • INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: India
Naturalized
Pacific
  • NORTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC: United States [Hawaii]

Reference(s)
  1. PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource). Note: mentions
  2. Kiew, R. et al., eds. 2010-. Flora of peninsular Malaysia Note: Forest Research Institute Malaysia.
  3. Sidiyasa, K. 1997. Taxonomy, phylogeny, and wood anatomy of Alstonia (Apocynaceae). Blumea suppl. 11:149-153.
  4. Soerianegara, I. & R. H. M. J. Lemmens, eds. 1993. Timber trees: major commercial timbers. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 5(1):88.
  5. Valkenburg, J. L. C. H. van & N. Bunyapraphatsara, eds. 2001. Medicinal and poisonous plants 2. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 12(2):66-67.
  6. Wagner, W. L. et al. 1997. Contributions to the Flora of the Hawai`i. VI. Occas. Pap. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Mus. 48:51-65.
  7. Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
Economic Uses
UsageTypeNoteReference
MaterialswoodtimberSoerianegara, I. & R. H. M. J. Lemmens, eds. 1993. Timber trees: major commercial timbers. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 5(1):88.
Medicinesfolklore Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2026. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://npgstest.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=2687. Accessed 17 April 2026.