Taxon: Allium schoenoprasum L.

Summary

Genus:

Allium

Subgenus:

Cepa

Section:

Schoenoprasum

Family:

Amaryllidaceae

Subfamily:

Allioideae

Tribe:

Allieae

Nomen number:

2369

Place of publication:

Sp. pl. 1:301. 1753

Protologue link:

https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/358320

Typification:

View in Linnean Typification Project

Verified:

06/02/2009 ARS Systematic Botanists.

Accessions:

60 (34 active, 23 available) in National Plant Germplasm System. (Map it)

Other conspecific taxa

Allium schoenoprasum L. subsp. latiorifolium (Pau) Rivas Mart. et al. (0 active accession[s])
Allium schoenoprasum L. subsp. orosiae P. Monts. (0 active accession[s])
Allium schoenoprasum L. subsp. schoenoprasum (0 active accession[s])

Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations

Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Allium montanum Schrank
Allium schoenoprasum L. var. alpinum DC.
Allium schoenoprasum L. var. foliosum Regel
Allium sibiricum L.

No images

Links

Seeds or fruits – Seed ID Workshop image, from Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio State University

Conservation Status

Reference(s)

Afonin, A. N., S. L. Greene, N. I. Dzyubenko, & A. N. Frolov, eds. Interactive agricultural ecological atlas of Russia and neighboring countries. Economic plants and their diseases, pests and weeds (on-line resource).
Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
APHIS. Agricultural Risk Management System United States Department of Agriculture.
Batra, L. R. 1995. Names of Japanese plants sorted by their Japanese names in Romanized Katakana and scientific nomenclature
Brewster, J. L. 1994. Onions and other vegetable alliums. Crop Prod. Sci. Hort. 3:14.
Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959-. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae.
Craker, L. E. & J. E. Simon, eds. 1986-1987. Herbs, spices, and medicinal plants, 2 vols.
Davis, P. H., ed. 1965-1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage
FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
Friesen, N. & F. R. Blattner. 2000. RAPD analysis reveals geographic differentiations within Allium schoenoprasum L. (Alliaceae). Pl. Biol. 2:297-305.
Friesen, N. 1996. A taxonomic and chorological revision of the genus Allium L. sect. Schoenoprason Dumort. Candollea 51:467.
Havey, M. J. 1991. Phylogenetic relationships among cultivated Allium species from restriction enzyme analysis of the chloroplast genome. Theor. Appl. Genet. 81:752-757.
Hitchcock, C. L. et al. 1955-1969. Vascular plants of the Pacific Northwest.
Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
International Seed Testing Association. 1982. A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names 1. Field crops, grasses and vegetables, ed. 2.
Kik, C. 2002. Chapter 4. Exploitation of wild relatives for the breeding of cultivated Allium species. In: Rabinowitch, H. D. & L. Currah, eds., Allium crop science: recent advances 81-100.
Kingsbury, J. M. 1964. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada. Note: poisonous
Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
Lampe, K. F. & M. A. McCann. 1985. AMA handbook of poisonous and injurious plants Note: poisonous
Lazarides, M. & B. Hince. 1993. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia
Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada
Mansfeld, R. 1959. Die Kulturpflanze, Beiheft 2.
Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2
McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
Munro, D. B. Canadian poisonous plants information system (on-line resource).
Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970-. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
Ohwi, J. 1965. Flora of Japan (Engl. ed.).
Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
Raamsdonk, L. W. D. van et al. 2000. Phylogeny reconstruction and hybrid analysis in Allium subgenus Rhizirideum. Theor. Appl. Genet. 100:1000-1009.
Raamsdonk, L. W. D. van et al. 2003. Biodiversity assessment based in cpDNA and crossability analysis in selected species of Allium subgenus Rhizirideum. Theor. Appl. Genet. 107:1048-1058.
Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963-. Flora iranica.
Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Sancir, C. 1992. A revision of the genus Allium L. in the flora of Mongolian People's Republic. In: Hanelt, P. et al., eds., The genus Allium - taxonomic problems and genetic resources. Proceedings of an international symposium held at Gatersleben, Germany, June 11-13, 1991 289-296. Note: recognized in the subg. Rhizirideum sect. Schoenoprasum
Scoggan, H. J. 1978-1979. The flora of Canada, 4 vol.
Seymour, F. 1969. The flora of New England.
Stearn, W. T. 1944. Notes on the genus Allium in the Old World. Herbertia 11:11-34.
Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
Voss, E. 1972-. Michigan flora.
Weakley, A. S. 2011. Flora of the southern and middle Atlantic states.
Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).

Common names

Language	Name	Alternate name	seq	Citation
English	chives		1	Wiersema, J. H. & B. León. 1999. World economic plants: a standard reference CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
English	giant garlic		1	Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
Chinese	bei cong	北葱	2	Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
French	ciboulette		2	Craker, L. E. & J. E. Simon, eds. 1986-1987. Herbs, spices, and medicinal plants, 2 vols.
French	civette		2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
German	Schnittlauch		2	Craker, L. E. & J. E. Simon, eds. 1986-1987. Herbs, spices, and medicinal plants, 2 vols.
Italian	cipollina		2	Craker, L. E. & J. E. Simon, eds. 1986-1987. Herbs, spices, and medicinal plants, 2 vols.
Italian	erba cipollina		2	International Seed Testing Association. 1982. A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names 1. Field crops, grasses and vegetables, ed. 2.
Japanese Rōmaji	asatsuki		2	Batra, L. R. 1995. Names of Japanese plants sorted by their Japanese names in Romanized Katakana and scientific nomenclature
Japanese Rōmaji	ezo-negi		2	Ohwi, J. 1965. Flora of Japan (Engl. ed.).
Portuguese	cebolinha-francesa		2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Spanish	cebolleta		2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Spanish	cebollino común		2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Swedish	gräslök		2	Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)

Distribution

order_code	Status	Continent	Subcontinent	Country	State	Note	Reference
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Caucasus	Armenia			Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Caucasus	Azerbaijan			Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Caucasus	Georgia			Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Caucasus	Russian Federation	Dagestan		Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Caucasus	Russian Federation-Ciscaucasia	Ciscaucasia		Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu		Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Eastern Asia	Japan	Hokkaidô		Ohwi, J. 1965. Flora of Japan (Engl. ed.).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Eastern Asia	Japan	Honshu		Ohwi, J. 1965. Flora of Japan (Engl. ed.).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Middle Asia	Kazakhstan		e.	Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Middle Asia	Kyrgyzstan			Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Mongolia	Mongolia
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Russian Far East	Russian Federation	Habarovskij kraj		Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Russian Far East	Russian Federation	Kamčatskij kraj		Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Russian Far East	Russian Federation	Primorye		Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Siberia	Russian Federation	Altay		Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Siberia	Russian Federation	Buryatia		Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Siberia	Russian Federation	Chita		Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Siberia	Russian Federation	Gorno-Altay		Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Siberia	Russian Federation	Irkutsk		Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Siberia	Russian Federation	Jamalo-Neneckij avtonomnyj okrug		Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Siberia	Russian Federation	Kemerovskaja oblast'		Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Siberia	Russian Federation	Krasnoyarsk		Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Siberia	Russian Federation	Novosibirsk		Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Siberia	Russian Federation	Taymyr		Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Siberia	Russian Federation	Tomsk		Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Siberia	Russian Federation	Tyumen		Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Siberia	Russian Federation	Tyva, Respublika		Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Siberia	Russian Federation	Yakutia-Sakha		Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Iran			Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963-. Flora iranica.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Iraq		n.	Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963-. Flora iranica.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Turkey		e.	Davis, P. H., ed. 1965-1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	Pakistan			Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970-. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
1	Native	Europe	Eastern Europe	Russian Federation	Neneckij avtonomnyj okrug		Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
1	Native	Europe	Middle Europe	Austria			Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1	Native	Europe	Middle Europe	Czechoslovakia			Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1	Native	Europe	Middle Europe	Germany			Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1	Native	Europe	Middle Europe	Netherlands			Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1	Native	Europe	Middle Europe	Poland			Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1	Native	Europe	Middle Europe	Switzerland			Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1	Native	Europe	Northern Europe	Denmark			Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1	Native	Europe	Northern Europe	Finland			Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1	Native	Europe	Northern Europe	Norway			Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1	Native	Europe	Northern Europe	Sweden			Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1	Native	Europe	Northern Europe	United Kingdom			Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Bulgaria			Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Greece			Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Italy			Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Romania			Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1	Native	Europe	Southwestern Europe	France		incl. Corsica	Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1	Native	Europe	Southwestern Europe	Portugal			Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1	Native	Europe	Southwestern Europe	Spain			Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1	Native	Northern America	Eastern Canada	Canada	New Brunswick		FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
1	Native	Northern America	Eastern Canada	Canada	Newfoundland and Labrador		FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
1	Native	Northern America	Eastern Canada	Canada	Nova Scotia		FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
1	Native	Northern America	Eastern Canada	Canada	Ontario		FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
1	Native	Northern America	Eastern Canada	Canada	Prince Edward Island		FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
1	Native	Northern America	Eastern Canada	Canada	Québec		FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
1	Native	Northern America	North-Central U.S.A.	United States	Minnesota		FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
1	Native	Northern America	North-Central U.S.A.	United States	Wisconsin		FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
1	Native	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	Connecticut		FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
1	Native	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	Maine		FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
1	Native	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	Massachusetts		FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
1	Native	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	Michigan		FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
1	Native	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	New Hampshire		FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
1	Native	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	New Jersey		FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
1	Native	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	New York		FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
1	Native	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	Ohio		FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
1	Native	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	Pennsylvania		FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
1	Native	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	Rhode Island		FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
1	Native	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	Vermont		FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
1	Native	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	West Virginia		Weakley, A. S. 2011. Flora of the southern and middle Atlantic states.
1	Native	Northern America	Northwestern U.S.A.	United States	Colorado		FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
1	Native	Northern America	Northwestern U.S.A.	United States	Idaho		FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
1	Native	Northern America	Northwestern U.S.A.	United States	Montana		FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
1	Native	Northern America	Northwestern U.S.A.	United States	Oregon	n.	FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
1	Native	Northern America	Northwestern U.S.A.	United States	Washington	e.	FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
1	Native	Northern America	Northwestern U.S.A.	United States	Wyoming		FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
1	Native	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Maryland		Weakley, A. S. 2011. Flora of the southern and middle Atlantic states.
1	Native	Northern America	Subarctic America	Canada	Northwest Territories		FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
1	Native	Northern America	Subarctic America	Canada	Yukon		FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
1	Native	Northern America	Subarctic America	United States	Alaska		FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
1	Native	Northern America	Western Canada	Canada	Alberta		FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
1	Native	Northern America	Western Canada	Canada	British Columbia		FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
1	Native	Northern America	Western Canada	Canada	Manitoba		FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
1	Native	Northern America	Western Canada	Canada	Nunavut		FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
1	Native	Northern America	Western Canada	Canada	Saskatchewan		FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
2	Cultivated					also cult.

Native
Asia-Temperate

WESTERN ASIA: Iran, Iraq (n.), Turkey (e.)
CAUCASUS: Russian Federation-Ciscaucasia [Ciscaucasia], Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russian Federation [Dagestan]
SIBERIA: Russian Federation [Altay, Buryatia, Chita, Gorno-Altay, Irkutsk, Jamalo-Neneckij avtonomnyj okrug, Kemerovskaja oblast', Krasnoyarsk, Novosibirsk, Taymyr, Tomsk, Tyumen, Tyva, Respublika, Yakutia-Sakha]
MIDDLE ASIA: Kazakhstan (e.), Kyrgyzstan
MONGOLIA: Mongolia
RUSSIAN FAR EAST: Russian Federation [Habarovskij kraj, Primorye, Kamčatskij kraj]
CHINA: China [Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu]
EASTERN ASIA: Japan [Hokkaidô, Honshu]

Asia-Tropical

INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: Pakistan

Europe

NORTHERN EUROPE: Denmark, Finland, United Kingdom, Norway, Sweden
MIDDLE EUROPE: Czechoslovakia, Austria, Switzerland, Germany, Netherlands, Poland
EASTERN EUROPE: Russian Federation [Neneckij avtonomnyj okrug]
SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Romania
SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: Spain, France (incl. Corsica), Portugal

Northern America

SUBARCTIC AMERICA: Canada [Northwest Territories, Yukon], United States [Alaska]
EASTERN CANADA: Canada [New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Québec]
WESTERN CANADA: Canada [Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Nunavut, Saskatchewan]
NORTHEASTERN U.S.A.: United States [Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia]
NORTH-CENTRAL U.S.A.: United States [Minnesota, Wisconsin]
NORTHWESTERN U.S.A.: United States [Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon (n.), Washington (e.), Wyoming]
SOUTHEASTERN U.S.A.: United States [Maryland]

Cultivated (also cult.)

Reference(s)

Davis, P. H., ed. 1965-1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970-. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
Ohwi, J. 1965. Flora of Japan (Engl. ed.).
Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963-. Flora iranica.
Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
Weakley, A. S. 2011. Flora of the southern and middle Atlantic states.
Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).

Economic Uses

Usage	Type	Note	Reference
Food additives	flavoring	leaves as herb, spice	Brewster, J. L. 1994. Onions and other vegetable alliums. Crop Prod. Sci. Hort. 3:14.
Medicines	folklore		Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
Medicines	folklore		McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
Vertebrate poisons	mammals		Kingsbury, J. M. 1964. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada. Note: poisonous
Vertebrate poisons	mammals		Lampe, K. F. & M. A. McCann. 1985. AMA handbook of poisonous and injurious plants Note: poisonous

Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2026. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://npgstest.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=2369. Accessed 15 April 2026.