Taxon: Ipomoea nil (L.) Roth

Summary

Genus:

Ipomoea

Subgenus:

Ipomoea

Section:

Pharbitis

Series:

Heterophyllae

Family:

Convolvulaceae

Tribe:

Ipomoeeae

Nomen number:

20196

Place of publication:

Catal. bot. 1:36. 1797

Verified:

04/20/1987 ARS Systematic Botanists.

Accessions:

16 (14 active, 9 available) in National Plant Germplasm System. (Map it)

Other conspecific taxa

Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations

Basionym
Convolvulus nil L.

Autonym(s)
Ipomoea nil (L.) Roth var. nil

Homotypic Synonym(s)
Pharbitis nil (L.) Choisy

Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Ipomoea nil (L.) Roth var. limbata (Lindl.) L. H. Bailey
Pharbitis limbata Lindl.

Images (1 total. Click on image for more.)

Conservation Status

Reference(s)

Adams, C. 1972. Flowering plants of Jamaica
Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
Ali, S. I. & S. M. H. Jafri, eds. 1976-. Flora of Libya.
APHIS. Agricultural Risk Management System United States Department of Agriculture.
Austin, D. F. & Z. Huáman. 1996. A synopsis of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the Americas. Taxon 45:9.
Austin, D. F. et al. 2001. A putative tropical American plant, Ipomoea nil (Convolvulaceae), in pre-Columbian Japanese art. Econ. Bot. 55:515-527.
Austin, D. F. 1986. Nomenclature of the Ipomoea nil complex (Convolvulaceae). Taxon 35:356.
Babu, C. R. 1977. Herbaceous flora of Dehra Dun.
Backer, C. A. & R. C. Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr. 1963-1968. Flora of Java.
Berhaut, J. 1971-. Flore illustrée du Senegal.
Bhandari, M. M. 1978. Flora of the Indian desert.
CalFlora Database Project. CalFlora: a botanical resource for California on the internet (on-line resource).
Correll, D. S. & H. B. Correll. 1982. Flora of the Bahama archipelago.
Correll, D. S. & M. C. Johnston. 1970. Manual of the vascular plants of Texas
Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria. Australian plant census (APC) (on-line resource).
Cufodontis, G. 1953-1972. Enumeratio plantarum aethiopiae: Spermatophyta.
Dassanayake, M. D. & F. R. Fosberg, eds. 1980-. A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon.
Erhardt, W. et al. 2008. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen 1481.
Ghazanfar, S. A. 1992. An annotated catalogue of the vascular plants of Oman. Scripta Botanica Belgica 2
Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
Hammel, B. E. et al., eds. 2003-. Manual de plantas de Costa Rica
Hara, H. et al. 1978-1982. An enumeration of the flowering plants of Nepal.
Harling, G. & B. Sparre, eds. 1982. Flora of Ecuador. 15:55-56.
Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening
Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares.
Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
Kress, W. J. et al., eds. Revised checklist of the plants of Myanmar (Burma) (on-line resource).
Lejoly, J. & S. Lisowski. 1992. Les genres Merremia et Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) dans la flore d'Afrique Centrale (Zaire, Rwanda, Burundi). Fragm. Florist. Geobot. 37:58.
Li, H. L. et al., eds. 1975-1979. Flora of Taiwan.
Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada
Macbride, J. F. et al., eds. 1936-. Flora of Peru Note: 1936-1971; new ser. 1980-
Matthew, K. M. 1983. The flora of the Tamilnadu Carnatic.
McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
Munz, P. A. 1974. A flora of southern California.
Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970-. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University. 1998. Medicinal plants in the Republic of Korea. WHO Regional Publications Western Pacific Series No. 21.
O'Donell, C. A. 1959. Convolvuláceas argentinas. Lilloa 29:197-204.
Personal Care Products Council. International Nomenclature Cosmetic Ingredient
Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
Pulle, A. A. et al., eds. 1932-. Flora of Suriname.
Ross, J. 1972. The flora of Natal.
Rzedowski, J. & G. Rzedowski, eds. 1991-. Flora del Bajio y de regiones adyacentes.
Saldanha, C. J. & D. H. Nicolson. 1976. Flora of Hassan district.
Smitinand, T. & K. Larsen, eds. 1970-. Flora of Thailand.
Spellman, D. L. et al. 1975, 1981. A list of the monocotyledoneae/dicotyledonae of Belize. Rhodora v. 77 & 83.
Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark. 1946-1976. Flora of Guatemala.
Standley, P. C. 1937-1939. Flora of Costa Rica.
Steenis, C. G. G. J. van, ed. 1948-. Flora malesiana.
Steward, A. N. 1958. Manual of vascular plants of the lower Yangtze valley.
Steyermark, J. A. & O. Huber. 1978. Flora del Avila.
Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952-. Flora of tropical East Africa.
Walker, E. 1976. Flora of Okinawa and the southern Ryukyu Islands.
Wiggins, I. L. 1980. Flora of Baja California.
Wood, J. R. I. 1997. A handbook of the Yemen flora.
Woodson, R. E. & R. W. Schery, eds. 1943-1980. Flora of Panama.
Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.
1961. Webster's third new international dictionary.

Common names

Language	Name	seq	Citation
English	blue morning-glory	1	Erhardt, W. et al. 2008. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen 1481.
English	ivy morning-glory	1	CalFlora Database Project. CalFlora: a botanical resource for California on the internet (on-line resource).
English	Japanese morning-glory	1	1961. Webster's third new international dictionary.
English	white-edge morning-glory	1	McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
French	liseron bleu	2	Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
French	liseron hallier	2	Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
German	blaue Prunkwinde	2	Erhardt, W. et al. 2008. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen 1481.
Portuguese (Brazil)	campainha	2	Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
Portuguese (Brazil)	corda-de-viola	2	Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
Portuguese (Brazil)	corriola	2	Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
Swedish	kejsarvinda	2	Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
Transcribed Chinese	qian niu	2	McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.

Distribution

order_code	Status	Continent	Subcontinent	Country	State	Note	Reference
1	Native	Northern America	Northern Mexico	Mexico	Baja California Sur		Rzedowski, J. & G. Rzedowski, eds. 1991-. Flora del Bajio y de regiones adyacentes.
1	Native	Northern America	Northern Mexico	Mexico	Chihuahua		Rzedowski, J. & G. Rzedowski, eds. 1991-. Flora del Bajio y de regiones adyacentes.
1	Native	Northern America	Northern Mexico	Mexico	Nuevo León		Rzedowski, J. & G. Rzedowski, eds. 1991-. Flora del Bajio y de regiones adyacentes.
1	Native	Northern America	Northern Mexico	Mexico	San Luis Potosí		Rzedowski, J. & G. Rzedowski, eds. 1991-. Flora del Bajio y de regiones adyacentes.
1	Native	Northern America	Northern Mexico	Mexico	Sinaloa		Rzedowski, J. & G. Rzedowski, eds. 1991-. Flora del Bajio y de regiones adyacentes.
1	Native	Northern America	Northern Mexico	Mexico	Sonora		Rzedowski, J. & G. Rzedowski, eds. 1991-. Flora del Bajio y de regiones adyacentes.
1	Native	Northern America	Northern Mexico	Mexico	Tamaulipas		Rzedowski, J. & G. Rzedowski, eds. 1991-. Flora del Bajio y de regiones adyacentes.
1	Native	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Colima		Rzedowski, J. & G. Rzedowski, eds. 1991-. Flora del Bajio y de regiones adyacentes.
1	Native	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Guanajuato		Rzedowski, J. & G. Rzedowski, eds. 1991-. Flora del Bajio y de regiones adyacentes.
1	Native	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Guerrero		Rzedowski, J. & G. Rzedowski, eds. 1991-. Flora del Bajio y de regiones adyacentes.
1	Native	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Jalisco		Rzedowski, J. & G. Rzedowski, eds. 1991-. Flora del Bajio y de regiones adyacentes.
1	Native	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	México		Rzedowski, J. & G. Rzedowski, eds. 1991-. Flora del Bajio y de regiones adyacentes.
1	Native	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Michoacán de Ocampo		Rzedowski, J. & G. Rzedowski, eds. 1991-. Flora del Bajio y de regiones adyacentes.
1	Native	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Nayarit		Rzedowski, J. & G. Rzedowski, eds. 1991-. Flora del Bajio y de regiones adyacentes.
1	Native	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Oaxaca		Rzedowski, J. & G. Rzedowski, eds. 1991-. Flora del Bajio y de regiones adyacentes.
1	Native	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Puebla		Rzedowski, J. & G. Rzedowski, eds. 1991-. Flora del Bajio y de regiones adyacentes.
1	Native	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Querétaro		Rzedowski, J. & G. Rzedowski, eds. 1991-. Flora del Bajio y de regiones adyacentes.
1	Native	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave		Rzedowski, J. & G. Rzedowski, eds. 1991-. Flora del Bajio y de regiones adyacentes.
1	Native	Southern America	Brazil	Brazil			Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Antigua and Barbuda			Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Bahamas			Austin, D. F. & Z. Huáman. 1996. A synopsis of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the Americas. Taxon 45:9.
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Barbados			Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Bermuda			Hammel, B. E. et al., eds. 2003-. Manual de plantas de Costa Rica
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Cuba			Austin, D. F. & Z. Huáman. 1996. A synopsis of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the Americas. Taxon 45:9.
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Dominica			Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Dominican Republic			Austin, D. F. & Z. Huáman. 1996. A synopsis of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the Americas. Taxon 45:9.
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Guadeloupe			Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Haiti			Austin, D. F. & Z. Huáman. 1996. A synopsis of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the Americas. Taxon 45:9.
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Martinique			Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Montserrat			Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Netherlands Antilles	Saba		Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	St. Lucia			Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	St. Vincent and Grenadines			Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
1	Native	Southern America	Central America	Belize			Austin, D. F. & Z. Huáman. 1996. A synopsis of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the Americas. Taxon 45:9.
1	Native	Southern America	Central America	Costa Rica			Austin, D. F. & Z. Huáman. 1996. A synopsis of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the Americas. Taxon 45:9.
1	Native	Southern America	Central America	Guatemala			Austin, D. F. & Z. Huáman. 1996. A synopsis of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the Americas. Taxon 45:9.
1	Native	Southern America	Central America	Nicaragua			Austin, D. F. & Z. Huáman. 1996. A synopsis of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the Americas. Taxon 45:9.
1	Native	Southern America	Central America	Panama			Austin, D. F. & Z. Huáman. 1996. A synopsis of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the Americas. Taxon 45:9.
1	Native	Southern America	Northern South America	Guyana			Austin, D. F. & Z. Huáman. 1996. A synopsis of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the Americas. Taxon 45:9.
1	Native	Southern America	Northern South America	Suriname			Austin, D. F. & Z. Huáman. 1996. A synopsis of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the Americas. Taxon 45:9.
1	Native	Southern America	Northern South America	Venezuela			Austin, D. F. & Z. Huáman. 1996. A synopsis of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the Americas. Taxon 45:9.
1	Native	Southern America	Southern South America	Argentina			Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.
1	Native	Southern America	Southern South America	Paraguay			Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.
1	Native	Southern America	Southern South America	Uruguay			Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.
1	Native	Southern America	Western South America	Bolivia			Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.
1	Native	Southern America	Western South America	Colombia			Austin, D. F. & Z. Huáman. 1996. A synopsis of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the Americas. Taxon 45:9.
1	Native	Southern America	Western South America	Ecuador			Austin, D. F. & Z. Huáman. 1996. A synopsis of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the Americas. Taxon 45:9.
2	Cultivated					also cult.
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	Arabian Peninsula	Oman			Ghazanfar, S. A. 1992. An annotated catalogue of the vascular plants of Oman. Scripta Botanica Belgica 2
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	Arabian Peninsula	Yemen			Wood, J. R. I. 1997. A handbook of the Yemen flora.
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	China	China			Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	Eastern Asia	Taiwan			Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	India			Smitinand, T. & K. Larsen, eds. 1970-. Flora of Thailand.
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	Sri Lanka			Smitinand, T. & K. Larsen, eds. 1970-. Flora of Thailand.
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Indo-China	Cambodia			Smitinand, T. & K. Larsen, eds. 1970-. Flora of Thailand.
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Indo-China	Laos			Smitinand, T. & K. Larsen, eds. 1970-. Flora of Thailand.
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Indo-China	Myanmar			Smitinand, T. & K. Larsen, eds. 1970-. Flora of Thailand.
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Indo-China	Thailand			Smitinand, T. & K. Larsen, eds. 1970-. Flora of Thailand.
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Indo-China	Vietnam			Smitinand, T. & K. Larsen, eds. 1970-. Flora of Thailand.
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Malesia	Christmas Island			Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Malesia	Indonesia			Smitinand, T. & K. Larsen, eds. 1970-. Flora of Thailand.
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Malesia	Malaysia			Smitinand, T. & K. Larsen, eds. 1970-. Flora of Thailand.
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Malesia	Philippines			Smitinand, T. & K. Larsen, eds. 1970-. Flora of Thailand.
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Papuasia	New Guinea			Smitinand, T. & K. Larsen, eds. 1970-. Flora of Thailand.
4	Naturalized	Australasia	Australia	Australia	Northern Territory		Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria. Australian plant census (APC) (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Australasia	Australia	Australia	Queensland		Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria. Australian plant census (APC) (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Australasia	Australia	Australia	Western Australia		Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria. Australian plant census (APC) (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Pacific	Southwestern Pacific	New Caledonia			Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Western South America	Ecuador	Galápagos		Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).

Native
Northern America

NORTHERN MEXICO: Mexico [Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas]
SOUTHERN MEXICO: Mexico [Colima, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Jalisco, México, Michoacán de Ocampo, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Querétaro, Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave]

Southern America

CARIBBEAN: Netherlands Antilles [Saba], Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Bermuda, Barbados, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Haiti, St. Lucia, Montserrat, Martinique, St. Vincent and Grenadines
CENTRAL AMERICA: Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Panama
NORTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela
BRAZIL: Brazil
WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA: Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador
SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay

Cultivated (also cult.)
Naturalized
Asia-Temperate

ARABIAN PENINSULA: Oman, Yemen
CHINA: China
EASTERN ASIA: Taiwan

Asia-Tropical

INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: India, Sri Lanka
PAPUASIA: New Guinea
INDO-CHINA: Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam
MALESIA: Christmas Island, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines

Australasia

AUSTRALIA: Australia [Queensland, Western Australia, Northern Territory]

Pacific

SOUTHWESTERN PACIFIC: New Caledonia

Southern America

WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA: Ecuador [Galápagos]

Reference(s)

Austin, D. F. & Z. Huáman. 1996. A synopsis of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the Americas. Taxon 45:9.
Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria. Australian plant census (APC) (on-line resource).
Ghazanfar, S. A. 1992. An annotated catalogue of the vascular plants of Oman. Scripta Botanica Belgica 2
Hammel, B. E. et al., eds. 2003-. Manual de plantas de Costa Rica
Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
Rzedowski, J. & G. Rzedowski, eds. 1991-. Flora del Bajio y de regiones adyacentes.
Smitinand, T. & K. Larsen, eds. 1970-. Flora of Thailand.
Wood, J. R. I. 1997. A handbook of the Yemen flora.
Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.

Economic Uses

Usage	Type	Reference
Environmental	ornamental	Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada
Environmental	ornamental	Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening
Medicines	folklore	McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.

Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2026. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://npgstest.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=20196. Accessed 15 April 2026.