Taxon: Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.

Summary

Genus:

Imperata

Family:

Poaceae (alt. Gramineae)

Subfamily:

Panicoideae

Tribe:

Andropogoneae

Subtribe:

Germainiinae

Nomen number:

19864

Place of publication:

Nomencl. bot. 10. 1797 (A. M. F. J. Palisot de Beauvois, Ess. Agrostogr. 8, 165, 177, t. 5, fig. 1. 1812)

Comment:

when Cirillo published the genus Imperata (in Pl. rar. neapol. 2: 26. 1792) he cited Lagurus cylindricus L. in its synonymy, thus Räuschel’s use of the generic name Imperata together with the Linnaean species epithet provides sufficient indirect link to the basionym Lagurus cylindricus, and this can be considered a validly published new combination (Shenzhen ICN Art. 38.13 & 38.14)

Verified:

09/05/2017 ARS Systematic Botanists.

Accessions:

12 (2 active, 0 available) in National Plant Germplasm System. (Map it)

Other conspecific taxa

Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations

Basionym
Lagurus cylindricus L.

Autonym(s)
Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch. subsp. cylindrica
Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch. var. cylindrica

Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Imperata arundinacea Cirillo
Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch. subsp. koenigii (Retz.) Masam. & Yanagita
Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch. var. koenigii (Retz.) Perkins
Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch. var. major (Nees) C. E. Hubb.
Imperata koenigii (Retz.) P. Beauv.
Imperata koenigii (Retz.) P. Beauv. var. koenigii
Imperata koenigii P. Beauv. var. major Nees
Saccharum koenigii Retz.

Images (3 total. Click on image for more.)

Links

Forestry Images – from www.forestryimages.org

Conservation Status

Reference(s)

University of Georgia Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health
PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
Abbiw, D. K. 1990. Useful plants of Ghana Intermediate Technology Publications & Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
APHIS. Agricultural Risk Management System United States Department of Agriculture.
Arechavaleta, M. et al., coords. 2009. Lista de especies silvestres de Canarias: hongos, plantas y animales terrestres
Bor, N. L. 1960. The grasses of Burma, Ceylon, India, and Pakistan. Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.
Boulos, L. 1999-. Flora of Egypt
Cameron, A. G. et al. 1995. Performance of forages introduced into Kalimantan, Indonesia, by the South-East Asian Forage Seeds Project. Genet. Res. Commun. 21:2.
Chaudhary, S. A. 1987. Weeds of Saudi Arabia and the Arabian Peninsula.
CIBA-GEIGY, Basel, Switzerland. Documenta CIBA-GEIGY (Grass weeds 1. 1980, 2. 1981; Monocot weeds 3. 1982; Dicot weeds 1. 1988) Note: four books on weeds worldwide in scope
Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria. Australian plant census (APC) (on-line resource).
Davis, P. H., ed. 1965-1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands. Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.
Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
Exell, A. W. et al., eds. 1960-. Flora zambesiaca. Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.
FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
George, A. S., ed. 1980-. Flora of Australia.
Ghazanfar, S. A. 1992. An annotated catalogue of the vascular plants of Oman. Scripta Botanica Belgica 2
Gibbs-Russell, G. E. et al. 1990. Grasses of southern Africa. Mem. Bot. Surv. S. Africa vol. 58 Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.
Grierson, A. J. C. & D. J. Long. 1984-. Flora of Bhutan including a record of plants from Sikkim. Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.
Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
Hansen, A. & P. Sunding. 1993. Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, ed. 4. Sommerfeltia vol. 17.
Hedberg, I. & S. Edwards. 1989-. Flora of Ethiopia Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.
Hitchcock, A. S. 1950. Manual of the grasses of the United States, ed. 2. Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv.
Holm, L. et al. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds
Holttum, R. E. et al. 1953-1971. A revised flora of Malaya. Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv.
Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening
Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2. Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv.
Koyama, T. 1987. Grasses of Japan and its neighboring regions Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv.
Lazarides, M. 1980. The tropical grasses of Southeast Asia Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv.
Mouterde, P. 1966-. Nouvelle flore du Liban et de la Syrie. Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv.
Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970-. Flora of [West] Pakistan. Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.
Padua, L. S. de et al., eds. 1999. Medicinal and poisonous plants 1. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 12(1):310.
Personal Care Products Council. International Nomenclature Cosmetic Ingredient
Plant Protection and Quarantine Office. United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Federal noxious weed list (on-line resource).
Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
Price, S. 1957. Cytological studies in Saccharum and allied genera. III. Chromosome numbers in interspecific hybrids. Bot. Gaz. 118:146-159.
Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963-. Flora iranica. Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv.
Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Seed Regulatory and Testing Division, Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S.D.A. State noxious-weed seed requirements recognized in the administration of the Federal Seed Act (updated annually).
Shukla, U. 1996. Grasses of north-eastern India Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv.
Soerjani, M. et al., eds. 1987. Weeds of rice in Indonesia. 434.
Sreekumar, P. V. & V. J. Nair. 1991. Flora of Kerala - grasses. Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.
't Mannetje, L. & R. M. Jones, eds. 1992. Forages. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 4:140-142. Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.
Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966-. Flora of Iraq. Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv.
Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952-. Flora of tropical East Africa. Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.
Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea. Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.
Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv.
USDA National Agricultural Library. National Invasive Species Information Center (on-line resource).
Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds
Wood, J. R. I. 1997. A handbook of the Yemen flora. Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.
Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition). Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.
Zon, A. P. M. van der. 1992. Graminées du Cameroun Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.
1961. Webster's third new international dictionary.
2018. Mid-Atlantic invasive plant species (on-line resource)

Common names

Language	Name	seq	Citation
English	alang-alang	1	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
English	blady grass	1	Cameron, A. G. et al. 1995. Performance of forages introduced into Kalimantan, Indonesia, by the South-East Asian Forage Seeds Project. Genet. Res. Commun. 21:2.
English	cogon	1	1961. Webster's third new international dictionary.
English	cogongrass	1	Wiersema, J. H. & B. León. 1999. World economic plants: a standard reference CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
English	cotton-wool grass	1	Gibbs-Russell, G. E. et al. 1990. Grasses of southern Africa. Mem. Bot. Surv. S. Africa vol. 58 Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.
English	imperata	1	McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland. Note: as Imperata cylindrica var. major
English	Japanese blood grass	1	Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening
English	kunai grass	1	Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
English	kura-kura	1	Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
Arabic	halfa	2	Boulos, L. 1999-. Flora of Egypt
Arabic	shishmallah	2	Chaudhary, S. A. 1987. Weeds of Saudi Arabia and the Arabian Peninsula.
French	impérate	2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Japanese Rōmaji	chi-gaya	2	Koyama, T. 1987. Grasses of Japan and its neighboring regions Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv.
Japanese Rōmaji	fushige-chi-gaya	2	Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening
Malay	lalang	2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Portuguese (Brazil)	caminhadora	2	Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
Portuguese (Brazil)	sapé	2	Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
Swedish	bomullsgräs	2	Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
Transcribed Chinese	bai mao	2	McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.

Distribution

order_code	Status	Continent	Subcontinent	Country	State	Note	Reference
1	Native	Africa	East Tropical Africa	Kenya			Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952-. Flora of tropical East Africa. Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.
1	Native	Africa	East Tropical Africa	Tanzania			Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952-. Flora of tropical East Africa. Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.
1	Native	Africa	East Tropical Africa	Uganda			Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952-. Flora of tropical East Africa. Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.
1	Native	Africa	Macaronesia	Portugal	Madeira Islands		Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	Macaronesia	Spain	Canarias		Arechavaleta, M. et al., coords. 2009. Lista de especies silvestres de Canarias: hongos, plantas y animales terrestres
1	Native	Africa	Northeast Tropical Africa	Chad			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	Northeast Tropical Africa	Eritrea			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	Northeast Tropical Africa	Ethiopia			Hedberg, I. & S. Edwards. 1989-. Flora of Ethiopia Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.
1	Native	Africa	Northeast Tropical Africa	Sudan			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	Northern Africa	Algeria			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	Northern Africa	Egypt			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	Northern Africa	Libya
1	Native	Africa	Northern Africa	Morocco			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	Northern Africa	Tunisia			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	South Tropical Africa	Angola			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	South Tropical Africa	Malawi			Exell, A. W. et al., eds. 1960-. Flora zambesiaca. Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.
1	Native	Africa	South Tropical Africa	Mozambique			Exell, A. W. et al., eds. 1960-. Flora zambesiaca. Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.
1	Native	Africa	South Tropical Africa	Zambia			Exell, A. W. et al., eds. 1960-. Flora zambesiaca. Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.
1	Native	Africa	South Tropical Africa	Zimbabwe			Exell, A. W. et al., eds. 1960-. Flora zambesiaca. Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.
1	Native	Africa	Southern Africa	Botswana			Exell, A. W. et al., eds. 1960-. Flora zambesiaca. Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.
1	Native	Africa	Southern Africa	Eswatini
1	Native	Africa	Southern Africa	Lesotho
1	Native	Africa	Southern Africa	Namibia			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	Southern Africa	South Africa	Cape Province
1	Native	Africa	Southern Africa	South Africa	Free State
1	Native	Africa	Southern Africa	South Africa	KwaZulu-Natal
1	Native	Africa	Southern Africa	South Africa	Transvaal
1	Native	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Benin			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Burkina Faso			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Côte D'Ivoire			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Gambia			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Ghana			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Guinea			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Guinea-Bissau			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Liberia			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Mali			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Niger			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Nigeria			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Senegal			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Sierra Leone			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Togo			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	West-Central Tropical Africa	Burundi			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	West-Central Tropical Africa	Cameroon			Zon, A. P. M. van der. 1992. Graminées du Cameroun Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.
1	Native	Africa	West-Central Tropical Africa	Central African Republic			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	West-Central Tropical Africa	Congo			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	West-Central Tropical Africa	Democratic Republic of the Congo
1	Native	Africa	West-Central Tropical Africa	Gabon			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	West-Central Tropical Africa	Rwanda			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Arabian Peninsula	Oman			Ghazanfar, S. A. 1992. An annotated catalogue of the vascular plants of Oman. Scripta Botanica Belgica 2
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Arabian Peninsula	Saudi Arabia
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Arabian Peninsula	Yemen			Wood, J. R. I. 1997. A handbook of the Yemen flora. Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Caucasus	Armenia			Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Caucasus	Azerbaijan			Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Caucasus	Georgia			Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Caucasus	Russian Federation	Dagestan		Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China			Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition). Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Eastern Asia	Japan	Hokkaidô		Koyama, T. 1987. Grasses of Japan and its neighboring regions Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Eastern Asia	Japan	Honshu		Koyama, T. 1987. Grasses of Japan and its neighboring regions Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Eastern Asia	Japan	Kyushu		Koyama, T. 1987. Grasses of Japan and its neighboring regions Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Eastern Asia	Japan	Ryukyu Islands		Koyama, T. 1987. Grasses of Japan and its neighboring regions Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Eastern Asia	Japan	Shikoku		Koyama, T. 1987. Grasses of Japan and its neighboring regions Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Eastern Asia	Korea
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Middle Asia	Kazakhstan			Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Middle Asia	Kyrgyzstan			Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Middle Asia	Turkmenistan			Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Middle Asia	Uzbekistan			Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Afghanistan			Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963-. Flora iranica. Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Cyprus			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Egypt	Sinai
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Iran			Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963-. Flora iranica. Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Iraq			Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966-. Flora of Iraq. Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Israel			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Jordan			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Lebanon			Mouterde, P. 1966-. Nouvelle flore du Liban et de la Syrie. Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Syria			Mouterde, P. 1966-. Nouvelle flore du Liban et de la Syrie. Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Turkey			Davis, P. H., ed. 1965-1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands. Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	Bhutan			Grierson, A. J. C. & D. J. Long. 1984-. Flora of Bhutan including a record of plants from Sikkim. Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	India			Shukla, U. 1996. Grasses of north-eastern India Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv.
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	Nepal
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	Pakistan			Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970-. Flora of [West] Pakistan. Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	Sri Lanka
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indo-China	Cambodia
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indo-China	Laos
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indo-China	Myanmar
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indo-China	Thailand			Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indo-China	Vietnam
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Malesia	Indonesia
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Malesia	Malaysia
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Malesia	Philippines
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Papuasia	Papua New Guinea
1	Native	Australasia	Australia	Australia	New South Wales		George, A. S., ed. 1980-. Flora of Australia.
1	Native	Australasia	Australia	Australia	Northern Territory		George, A. S., ed. 1980-. Flora of Australia.
1	Native	Australasia	Australia	Australia	Queensland		George, A. S., ed. 1980-. Flora of Australia.
1	Native	Australasia	Australia	Australia	South Australia		George, A. S., ed. 1980-. Flora of Australia.
1	Native	Australasia	Australia	Australia	Tasmania		George, A. S., ed. 1980-. Flora of Australia.
1	Native	Australasia	Australia	Australia	Victoria		George, A. S., ed. 1980-. Flora of Australia.
1	Native	Australasia	Australia	Australia	Western Australia	n.e.	George, A. S., ed. 1980-. Flora of Australia.
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Albania			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Bulgaria			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Croatia			Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea. Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Greece		incl. Crete	Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea. Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Italy		incl. Sardinia, Sicily	Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea. Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Slovenia			Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea. Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.
1	Native	Europe	Southwestern Europe	France		s. & Corsica	Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea. Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.
1	Native	Europe	Southwestern Europe	Portugal			Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea. Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.
1	Native	Europe	Southwestern Europe	Spain		incl. Baleares	Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea. Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.
2	Cultivated					also cult.
4	Naturalized	Africa	Macaronesia	Cabo Verde
4	Naturalized	Africa	Western Indian Ocean	Madagascar			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	Western Indian Ocean	Seychelles
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Indo-China	Thailand			Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Papuasia	Papua New Guinea			Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Australasia	Australia	Australia			Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria. Australian plant census (APC) (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Australasia	Australia	Australia	Lord Howe Island		Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Australasia	New Zealand	New Zealand			Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Northern America		United States
4	Naturalized	Pacific	North-Central Pacific	United States	Hawaii
4	Naturalized	Pacific	Northwestern Pacific	Micronesia			Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Pacific	Northwestern Pacific	Palau			Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Pacific	Northwestern Pacific	United States	Guam		Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Pacific	Northwestern Pacific	United States	Northern Mariana Islands		Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Pacific	Southwestern Pacific	United States	American Samoa		Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Pacific	Southwestern Pacific	Vanuatu			Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Southern America		South America
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Caribbean	West Indies
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Central America	Central America
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Southern South America	Chile			Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Western South America	Colombia			Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).

Native
Africa

MACARONESIA: Spain [Canarias], Portugal [Madeira Islands]
NORTHERN AFRICA: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia
NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan, Chad
EAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
WEST-CENTRAL TROPICAL AFRICA: Burundi, Central African Republic, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Congo, Gabon, Rwanda
WEST TROPICAL AFRICA: Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte D'Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo
SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA: Angola, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe
SOUTHERN AFRICA: Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, Eswatini, South Africa [Cape Province, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, Transvaal]

Asia-Temperate

ARABIAN PENINSULA: Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen
WESTERN ASIA: Afghanistan, Cyprus, Egypt [Sinai], Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey
CAUCASUS: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russian Federation [Dagestan]
MIDDLE ASIA: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
CHINA: China
EASTERN ASIA: Korea, Japan [Hokkaidô, Honshu, Kyushu, Ryukyu Islands, Shikoku]

Asia-Tropical

INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: Bhutan, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Pakistan
PAPUASIA: Papua New Guinea
INDO-CHINA: Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam
MALESIA: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines

Australasia

AUSTRALIA: Australia [Tasmania, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia (n.e.), Northern Territory]

Europe

SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Albania, Bulgaria, Greece (incl. Crete), Croatia, Italy (incl. Sardinia, Sicily), Slovenia
SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: Spain (incl. Baleares), France (s. & Corsica), Portugal

Cultivated (also cult.)
Naturalized
Africa

MACARONESIA: Cabo Verde
WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN: Madagascar, Seychelles

Asia-Tropical

PAPUASIA: Papua New Guinea
INDO-CHINA: Thailand

Australasia

AUSTRALIA: Australia [Lord Howe Island]
NEW ZEALAND: New Zealand

Northern America

REGION: United States

Pacific

NORTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC: United States [Hawaii]
NORTHWESTERN PACIFIC: Micronesia, Palau, United States [Guam, Northern Mariana Islands]
SOUTHWESTERN PACIFIC: United States [American Samoa], Vanuatu

Southern America

CARIBBEAN: West Indies
CENTRAL AMERICA: Central America
WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA: Colombia
SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Chile
REGION: South America

Reference(s)

PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
Arechavaleta, M. et al., coords. 2009. Lista de especies silvestres de Canarias: hongos, plantas y animales terrestres
Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria. Australian plant census (APC) (on-line resource).
Davis, P. H., ed. 1965-1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands. Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.
Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
Exell, A. W. et al., eds. 1960-. Flora zambesiaca. Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.
George, A. S., ed. 1980-. Flora of Australia.
Ghazanfar, S. A. 1992. An annotated catalogue of the vascular plants of Oman. Scripta Botanica Belgica 2
Grierson, A. J. C. & D. J. Long. 1984-. Flora of Bhutan including a record of plants from Sikkim. Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.
Hedberg, I. & S. Edwards. 1989-. Flora of Ethiopia Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.
Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
Koyama, T. 1987. Grasses of Japan and its neighboring regions Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv.
Mouterde, P. 1966-. Nouvelle flore du Liban et de la Syrie. Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv.
Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970-. Flora of [West] Pakistan. Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.
Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963-. Flora iranica. Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv.
Shukla, U. 1996. Grasses of north-eastern India Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv.
Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966-. Flora of Iraq. Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv.
Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952-. Flora of tropical East Africa. Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.
Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea. Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.
Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv.
Wood, J. R. I. 1997. A handbook of the Yemen flora. Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.
Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition). Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.
Zon, A. P. M. van der. 1992. Graminées du Cameroun Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.

Economic Uses

Usage	Type	Note	Reference
Animal food	forage	potential	't Mannetje, L. & R. M. Jones, eds. 1992. Forages. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 4:140-142. Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.
Environmental	erosion control		't Mannetje, L. & R. M. Jones, eds. 1992. Forages. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 4:140-142. Note: lists as Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.
Environmental	ornamental		Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening
Medicines	folklore		Padua, L. S. de et al., eds. 1999. Medicinal and poisonous plants 1. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 12(1):310.
Medicines	folklore	Imperata cylindrica var. major	McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland. Note: as Imperata cylindrica var. major
Weed	seed contaminant	potential	CIBA-GEIGY, Basel, Switzerland. Documenta CIBA-GEIGY (Grass weeds 1. 1980, 2. 1981; Monocot weeds 3. 1982; Dicot weeds 1. 1988) Note: four books on weeds worldwide in scope
Weed	seed contaminant	potential	Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds

Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2026. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://npgstest.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=19864. Accessed 15 April 2026.