Taxon: Heteropogon contortus (L.) P. Beauv.

Summary

Genus:

Heteropogon

Family:

Poaceae (alt. Gramineae)

Subfamily:

Panicoideae

Tribe:

Andropogoneae

Subtribe:

Anthristiriinae

Nomen number:

18953

Place of publication:

J. J. Roemer & J. A. Schultes, Syst. veg. 2:836. 1817

Protologue link:

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/720525

Comment:

the combination was ascribed to Palisot de Beauvois, who was thanked for his contributions in vol. 1, p. xviii

Verified:

02/21/2022 ARS Systematic Botanists.

Accessions:

37 (18 active, 15 available) in National Plant Germplasm System. (Map it)

Other conspecific taxa

Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations

Basionym
Andropogon contortus L.

Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Heteropogon hirtus Pers.

Images (1 total. Click on image for more.)

Conservation Status

Reference(s)

University of Georgia Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health
PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
Alderson, J. & W. C. Sharp. 1995. Grass varieties in the United States, U.S.D.A. Agric. Handb. 170, rev. ed. CRC Press. Note: Revised version of AH 170
APHIS. Agricultural Risk Management System United States Department of Agriculture.
Beetle, A. A. 1977. Noteworthy grasses from Mexico V. Phytologia 37:356.
Bor, N. L. 1960. The grasses of Burma, Ceylon, India, and Pakistan.
Dassanayake, M. D. & F. R. Fosberg, eds. 1980-. A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon.
Davidse, G. et al., eds. 1994. Flora mesoamericana.
Englert, J. M. et al. 1999-. USDA-NRCS Improved conservation plant materials released by NRCS and cooperators
Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
Hnatiuk, R. J. 1990. Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series No. 11.
Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
Lazarides, M. 1980. The tropical grasses of Southeast Asia
Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2
McVaugh, R. 1983-. Flora Novo-Galiciana.
Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970-. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Shukla, U. 1996. Grasses of north-eastern India
't Mannetje, L. & R. M. Jones, eds. 1992. Forages. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 4:137.
Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952-. Flora of tropical East Africa.
USDA/ARS. INVADERS database system. The University of Montana (on-line resource).
Veldkamp, J. F. 1997. pers. comm. Note: re. common names
Vibrans, H., ed. Malezas de México (on-line resource).
Wagner, W. L. et al. Flora of the Hawaiian Islands (on-line resource).
Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
Zon, A. P. M. van der. 1992. Graminées du Cameroun
Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.

Common names

Language	Name	seq	Citation
English	black spear grass	1	Veldkamp, J. F. 1997. pers. comm. Note: re. common names
English	bunch spear grass	1	Veldkamp, J. F. 1997. pers. comm. Note: re. common names
English	bunched spear grass	1	Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
English	spear grass	1	't Mannetje, L. & R. M. Jones, eds. 1992. Forages. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 4:137.
English	tangle grass	1	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
English	tanglehead	1	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Afrikaans	assegaaigras	2	Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
Afrikaans	steekgras	2	Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
French	herbe à moutons	2	PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
French	herbe barbue	2	PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
French	herbe polisson	2	PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
German	Speergras	2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Portuguese	flechinha	2	PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
Spanish	hierba torcida	2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Transcribed Chinese	huang mao	2	Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).

Distribution

order_code	Status	Continent	Subcontinent	Country	State	Note	Reference
1	Native	Africa	East Tropical Africa	Kenya			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	East Tropical Africa	Tanzania			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	East Tropical Africa	Uganda			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	Macaronesia	Cabo Verde			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	Northeast Tropical Africa	Chad			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	Northeast Tropical Africa	Eritrea			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	Northeast Tropical Africa	Ethiopia			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	Northeast Tropical Africa	Somalia			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	Northeast Tropical Africa	Sudan			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	Northern Africa	Algeria			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	Northern Africa	Libya			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	Northern Africa	Morocco			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	Northern Africa	Tunisia			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	South Tropical Africa	Angola			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	South Tropical Africa	Mozambique			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	South Tropical Africa	Zambia			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	South Tropical Africa	Zimbabwe			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	Southern Africa	South Africa			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Benin			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Côte D'Ivoire			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Ghana			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Guinea			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Liberia			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Mali			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Mauritania			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Niger			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Nigeria			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Senegal			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Sierra Leone			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Togo			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	West-Central Tropical Africa	Cameroon			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	West-Central Tropical Africa	Central African Republic			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	West-Central Tropical Africa	Congo			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	West-Central Tropical Africa	Democratic Republic of the Congo			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	West-Central Tropical Africa	Gabon			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
1	Native	Africa	West-Central Tropical Africa	Rwanda			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Fujian Sheng		Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Gansu Sheng		Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Guangdong Sheng		Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu		Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Guizhou Sheng		Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Hainan Sheng		Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Henan Sheng		Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Hubei Sheng		Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Hunan Sheng		Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Jiangxi Sheng		Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Shaanxi Sheng		Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Sichuan Sheng		Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Xizang Zizhiqu		Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Yunnan Sheng		Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Zhejiang Sheng		Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Eastern Asia	Taiwan			Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Lebanon			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Syria			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	India			Shukla, U. 1996. Grasses of north-eastern India
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	Sri Lanka			Dassanayake, M. D. & F. R. Fosberg, eds. 1980-. A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon.
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indo-China	Myanmar			Shukla, U. 1996. Grasses of north-eastern India
1	Native	Australasia	Australia	Australia	New South Wales		Hnatiuk, R. J. 1990. Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series No. 11.
1	Native	Australasia	Australia	Australia	Northern Territory		Hnatiuk, R. J. 1990. Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series No. 11.
1	Native	Australasia	Australia	Australia	Queensland		Hnatiuk, R. J. 1990. Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series No. 11.
1	Native	Australasia	Australia	Australia	Western Australia		Hnatiuk, R. J. 1990. Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series No. 11.
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Albania			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Croatia			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Italy			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Montenegro			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
1	Native	Europe	Southwestern Europe	France			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
1	Native	Europe	Southwestern Europe	Spain			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated					also cult.	't Mannetje, L. & R. M. Jones, eds. 1992. Forages. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 4:137.
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Northern Mexico	Mexico	Baja		McVaugh, R. 1983-. Flora Novo-Galiciana.
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Northern Mexico	Mexico	Chihuahua		McVaugh, R. 1983-. Flora Novo-Galiciana.
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Northern Mexico	Mexico	Coahuila de Zaragoza		McVaugh, R. 1983-. Flora Novo-Galiciana.
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Northern Mexico	Mexico	Durango		McVaugh, R. 1983-. Flora Novo-Galiciana.
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Northern Mexico	Mexico	Nuevo León		McVaugh, R. 1983-. Flora Novo-Galiciana.
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Northern Mexico	Mexico	San Luis Potosí		McVaugh, R. 1983-. Flora Novo-Galiciana.
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Northern Mexico	Mexico	Sonora		McVaugh, R. 1983-. Flora Novo-Galiciana.
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Northern Mexico	Mexico	Tamaulipas		McVaugh, R. 1983-. Flora Novo-Galiciana.
4	Naturalized	Northern America	South-Central U.S.A.	United States	New Mexico		FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
4	Naturalized	Northern America	South-Central U.S.A.	United States	Texas		FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Florida		FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Aguascalientes		McVaugh, R. 1983-. Flora Novo-Galiciana.
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Chiapas		Davidse, G. et al., eds. 1994. Flora mesoamericana.
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Ciudad de México		McVaugh, R. 1983-. Flora Novo-Galiciana.
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Colima		McVaugh, R. 1983-. Flora Novo-Galiciana.
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Guanajuato		McVaugh, R. 1983-. Flora Novo-Galiciana.
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Guerrero		McVaugh, R. 1983-. Flora Novo-Galiciana.
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Jalisco		McVaugh, R. 1983-. Flora Novo-Galiciana.
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	México		McVaugh, R. 1983-. Flora Novo-Galiciana.
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Michoacán de Ocampo		McVaugh, R. 1983-. Flora Novo-Galiciana.
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Morelos		McVaugh, R. 1983-. Flora Novo-Galiciana.
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Nayarit		McVaugh, R. 1983-. Flora Novo-Galiciana.
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Oaxaca		McVaugh, R. 1983-. Flora Novo-Galiciana.
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Puebla		McVaugh, R. 1983-. Flora Novo-Galiciana.
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Querétaro		McVaugh, R. 1983-. Flora Novo-Galiciana.
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Tabasco		Davidse, G. et al., eds. 1994. Flora mesoamericana.
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave		McVaugh, R. 1983-. Flora Novo-Galiciana.
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Yucatán		Davidse, G. et al., eds. 1994. Flora mesoamericana.
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Southwestern U.S.A.	United States	Arizona		FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Southwestern U.S.A.	United States	California	s.	FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
4	Naturalized	Pacific	North-Central Pacific	United States	Hawaii		Wagner, W. L. et al. Flora of the Hawaiian Islands (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Caribbean	West Indies			McVaugh, R. 1983-. Flora Novo-Galiciana.
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Central America	Belize			Davidse, G. et al., eds. 1994. Flora mesoamericana.
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Central America	El Salvador			Davidse, G. et al., eds. 1994. Flora mesoamericana.
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Central America	Guatemala			Davidse, G. et al., eds. 1994. Flora mesoamericana.
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Central America	Honduras			Davidse, G. et al., eds. 1994. Flora mesoamericana.
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Central America	Nicaragua			Davidse, G. et al., eds. 1994. Flora mesoamericana.
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Southern South America	Argentina			Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Western South America	Bolivia			Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.

Native
Africa

MACARONESIA: Cabo Verde
NORTHERN AFRICA: Algeria, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia
NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan, Somalia, Chad
EAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
WEST-CENTRAL TROPICAL AFRICA: Central African Republic, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Congo, Gabon, Rwanda
WEST TROPICAL AFRICA: Benin, Côte D'Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo
SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA: Angola, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe
SOUTHERN AFRICA: South Africa

Asia-Temperate

WESTERN ASIA: Lebanon, Syria
CHINA: China [Fujian Sheng, Gansu Sheng, Guangdong Sheng, Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu, Guizhou Sheng, Hainan Sheng, Henan Sheng, Hubei Sheng, Hunan Sheng, Jiangxi Sheng, Shaanxi Sheng, Sichuan Sheng, Xizang Zizhiqu, Yunnan Sheng, Zhejiang Sheng]
EASTERN ASIA: Taiwan

Asia-Tropical

INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: India, Sri Lanka
INDO-CHINA: Myanmar

Australasia

AUSTRALIA: Australia [New South Wales, Queensland, Western Australia, Northern Territory]

Europe

SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Albania, Croatia, Italy, Montenegro
SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: Spain, France

Cultivated (also cult.)
Naturalized
Northern America

SOUTHEASTERN U.S.A.: United States [Florida]
SOUTH-CENTRAL U.S.A.: United States [New Mexico, Texas]
SOUTHWESTERN U.S.A.: United States [Arizona, California (s.)]
NORTHERN MEXICO: Mexico [Baja, Chihuahua, Coahuila de Zaragoza, Durango, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Sonora, Tamaulipas]
SOUTHERN MEXICO: Mexico [Aguascalientes, Chiapas, Ciudad de México, Colima, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Jalisco, México, Michoacán de Ocampo, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Querétaro, Tabasco, Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave, Yucatán]

Pacific

NORTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC: United States [Hawaii]

Southern America

CARIBBEAN: West Indies
CENTRAL AMERICA: Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, El Salvador
WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA: Bolivia
SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina

Reference(s)

PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
Dassanayake, M. D. & F. R. Fosberg, eds. 1980-. A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon.
Davidse, G. et al., eds. 1994. Flora mesoamericana.
Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
Hnatiuk, R. J. 1990. Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series No. 11.
McVaugh, R. 1983-. Flora Novo-Galiciana.
Shukla, U. 1996. Grasses of north-eastern India
't Mannetje, L. & R. M. Jones, eds. 1992. Forages. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 4:137.
Wagner, W. L. et al. Flora of the Hawaiian Islands (on-line resource).
Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.

Economic Uses

Usage	Type	Reference
Animal food	fodder	Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2
Animal food	forage	Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2
Environmental	erosion control	Alderson, J. & W. C. Sharp. 1995. Grass varieties in the United States, U.S.D.A. Agric. Handb. 170, rev. ed. CRC Press. Note: Revised version of AH 170
Weed		USDA/ARS. INVADERS database system. The University of Montana (on-line resource).

Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2026. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://npgstest.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=18953. Accessed 15 April 2026.