Taxon:  Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong



Summary
Genus:
Enterolobium
Family:
Fabaceae (alt. Leguminosae)
Subfamily:
Caesalpinioideae
Tribe:
Ingeae
Nomen number:
15194
Place of publication:
Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 7:102.  1893
Verified:
06/04/2010 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
14 (1  active, 1  available) in National Plant Germplasm System.  (Map it)
Other conspecific taxa
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Basionym
Mimosa contortisiliqua Vell.

Homotypic Synonym(s)
Enterolobium glaucescens Mart.

Images (1 total. Click on image for more.)
Seed

Conservation Status

Reference(s)
  1. University of Georgia Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health
  2. Barneby, R. C. & J. W. Grimes. 1996. Silk tree, guanacaste, monkey's earring: a generic system for the synandrous Mimosaceae of the Americas. Part I. Abarema, Albizia, and allies. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 74(1):247.
  3. Bernardi, L. 1984. Contribución a la dendrología paraguaya. I. Boissiera 35:179.
  4. Brack, P. & M. Grings. 2011. Enterolobium contortisiliquum. Timbaúva. In: Coradin, L. et al., Espécies nativas da flora brasileira de valor econômico atual ou potencial: plantas para o futuro: região Sul 457-460. Note: species with potential use for reforestation, its timber used for veneer; it is locally abundant in Brazil in secondary vegetation, listed as threatened in São Paulo
  5. Burkart, A. E., ed. 1969-. Flora ilustrada de Entre Rios.
  6. Burkart, A. E. 1952. Las leguminosas Argentinas - silvestres y cultivadas, ed. 2.
  7. Dubs, B. 1998. Prodromus florae matogrossensis. Botany of Mato Grosso, series B, no. 3.
  8. Eibl, B. et al. 2000. Agroforestry systems with Ilex paraguariensis (American holly or yerba mate) and native timber trees on small farms in Misiones, Argentina. Agroforest. Systems 48:1-8. Note: this nitrogen fixer species was used to test best practices of yerba mate cultivation
  9. Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
  10. Killeen, T. J. et al. 1993. Guia de arboles de Bolivia
  11. Lewis, G. P. 1987. Legumes of Bahia
  12. Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada
  13. Montagnini, F. et al. 2009. Estrategias para la restauración de paisajes forestales en Misiones, Argentina. Ci. & Invest. Forest. 15:191-205. DOI: 10.52904/0718-4646.2009.322 . Note: a highly appreciated species for its timber quality and by being a nitrogen fixer; its growth under trials support its use in agroforestry
  14. Reitz, R., ed. 1965-. Flora ilustrada catarinense.
  15. Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.
Common names
LanguageNameAlternate namenoteseqCitation
Portuguese (Brazil)orelha-de-macaco  2Brack, P. & M. Grings. 2011. Enterolobium contortisiliquum. Timbaúva. In: Coradin, L. et al., Espécies nativas da flora brasileira de valor econômico atual ou potencial: plantas para o futuro: região Sul 457-460. Note: species with potential use for reforestation, its timber used for veneer; it is locally abundant in Brazil in secondary vegetation, listed as threatened in São Paulo
Portuguese (Brazil)pacará  2Brack, P. & M. Grings. 2011. Enterolobium contortisiliquum. Timbaúva. In: Coradin, L. et al., Espécies nativas da flora brasileira de valor econômico atual ou potencial: plantas para o futuro: região Sul 457-460. Note: species with potential use for reforestation, its timber used for veneer; it is locally abundant in Brazil in secondary vegetation, listed as threatened in São Paulo
Portuguese (Brazil)pau-de-sabão  2Brack, P. & M. Grings. 2011. Enterolobium contortisiliquum. Timbaúva. In: Coradin, L. et al., Espécies nativas da flora brasileira de valor econômico atual ou potencial: plantas para o futuro: região Sul 457-460. Note: species with potential use for reforestation, its timber used for veneer; it is locally abundant in Brazil in secondary vegetation, listed as threatened in São Paulo
Portuguese (Brazil)tamboril  2Brack, P. & M. Grings. 2011. Enterolobium contortisiliquum. Timbaúva. In: Coradin, L. et al., Espécies nativas da flora brasileira de valor econômico atual ou potencial: plantas para o futuro: região Sul 457-460. Note: species with potential use for reforestation, its timber used for veneer; it is locally abundant in Brazil in secondary vegetation, listed as threatened in São Paulo
Portuguese (Brazil)tamburé  2Brack, P. & M. Grings. 2011. Enterolobium contortisiliquum. Timbaúva. In: Coradin, L. et al., Espécies nativas da flora brasileira de valor econômico atual ou potencial: plantas para o futuro: região Sul 457-460. Note: species with potential use for reforestation, its timber used for veneer; it is locally abundant in Brazil in secondary vegetation, listed as threatened in São Paulo
Portuguese (Brazil)timbaúva  2Brack, P. & M. Grings. 2011. Enterolobium contortisiliquum. Timbaúva. In: Coradin, L. et al., Espécies nativas da flora brasileira de valor econômico atual ou potencial: plantas para o futuro: região Sul 457-460. Note: species with potential use for reforestation, its timber used for veneer; it is locally abundant in Brazil in secondary vegetation, listed as threatened in São Paulo
Portuguese (Brazil)timbaúva-branca  2Brack, P. & M. Grings. 2011. Enterolobium contortisiliquum. Timbaúva. In: Coradin, L. et al., Espécies nativas da flora brasileira de valor econômico atual ou potencial: plantas para o futuro: região Sul 457-460. Note: species with potential use for reforestation, its timber used for veneer; it is locally abundant in Brazil in secondary vegetation, listed as threatened in São Paulo
Portuguese (Brazil)timbaúva-preta  2Brack, P. & M. Grings. 2011. Enterolobium contortisiliquum. Timbaúva. In: Coradin, L. et al., Espécies nativas da flora brasileira de valor econômico atual ou potencial: plantas para o futuro: região Sul 457-460. Note: species with potential use for reforestation, its timber used for veneer; it is locally abundant in Brazil in secondary vegetation, listed as threatened in São Paulo
Portuguese (Brazil)timbó  2Brack, P. & M. Grings. 2011. Enterolobium contortisiliquum. Timbaúva. In: Coradin, L. et al., Espécies nativas da flora brasileira de valor econômico atual ou potencial: plantas para o futuro: região Sul 457-460. Note: species with potential use for reforestation, its timber used for veneer; it is locally abundant in Brazil in secondary vegetation, listed as threatened in São Paulo
Spanish (Argentina)timbó colorado  2Montagnini, F. et al. 2009. Estrategias para la restauración de paisajes forestales en Misiones, Argentina. Ci. & Invest. Forest. 15:191-205. DOI: 10.52904/0718-4646.2009.322 . Note: a highly appreciated species for its timber quality and by being a nitrogen fixer; its growth under trials support its use in agroforestry
Distribution
order_codeStatusContinentSubcontinentCountryStateNoteReference
1NativeSouthern AmericaBrazilBrazilBahia Lewis, G. P. 1987. Legumes of Bahia
1NativeSouthern AmericaBrazilBrazilDistrito Federal Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
1NativeSouthern AmericaBrazilBrazilGoiás Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
1NativeSouthern AmericaBrazilBrazilMato Grosso Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
1NativeSouthern AmericaBrazilBrazilMato Grosso do Sul Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
1NativeSouthern AmericaBrazilBrazilMinas Gerais Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
1NativeSouthern AmericaBrazilBrazilPernambuco Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
1NativeSouthern AmericaBrazilBrazilRio de Janeiro Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
1NativeSouthern AmericaBrazilBrazilRio Grande do Sul Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
1NativeSouthern AmericaBrazilBrazilSanta Catarina Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
1NativeSouthern AmericaBrazilBrazilSão Paulo Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
1NativeSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaArgentinaChacon.Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.
1NativeSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaArgentinaCorrientes Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.
1NativeSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaArgentinaEntre Ríos Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.
1NativeSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaArgentinaFormosa Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.
1NativeSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaArgentinaJujuy Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.
1NativeSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaArgentinaMisiones Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.
1NativeSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaArgentinaSalta Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.
1NativeSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaArgentinaSanta Fe Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.
1NativeSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaArgentinaTucumán Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.
1NativeSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaParaguay  Bernardi, L. 1984. Contribución a la dendrología paraguaya. I. Boissiera 35:179.
1NativeSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaUruguay  Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.
1NativeSouthern AmericaWestern South AmericaBoliviaEl Beni Killeen, T. J. et al. 1993. Guia de arboles de Bolivia
1NativeSouthern AmericaWestern South AmericaBoliviaLa Paz Killeen, T. J. et al. 1993. Guia de arboles de Bolivia
1NativeSouthern AmericaWestern South AmericaBoliviaSanta Cruz Killeen, T. J. et al. 1993. Guia de arboles de Bolivia
1NativeSouthern AmericaWestern South AmericaBoliviaTarija Killeen, T. J. et al. 1993. Guia de arboles de Bolivia
Native
Southern America
  • BRAZIL: Brazil [Bahia, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Distrito Federal]
  • WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA: Bolivia [El Beni, La Paz, Santa Cruz, Tarija]
  • SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina [Chaco (n.), Corrientes, Entre Ríos, Formosa, Jujuy, Misiones, Salta, Santa Fe, Tucumán], Paraguay, Uruguay

Reference(s)
  1. Bernardi, L. 1984. Contribución a la dendrología paraguaya. I. Boissiera 35:179.
  2. Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
  3. Killeen, T. J. et al. 1993. Guia de arboles de Bolivia
  4. Lewis, G. P. 1987. Legumes of Bahia
  5. Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.
Economic Uses
UsageTypeNoteReference
EnvironmentalagroforestrypotentialEibl, B. et al. 2000. Agroforestry systems with Ilex paraguariensis (American holly or yerba mate) and native timber trees on small farms in Misiones, Argentina. Agroforest. Systems 48:1-8. Note: this nitrogen fixer species was used to test best practices of yerba mate cultivation
EnvironmentalrevegetatorpotentialBrack, P. & M. Grings. 2011. Enterolobium contortisiliquum. Timbaúva. In: Coradin, L. et al., Espécies nativas da flora brasileira de valor econômico atual ou potencial: plantas para o futuro: região Sul 457-460. Note: species with potential use for reforestation, its timber used for veneer; it is locally abundant in Brazil in secondary vegetation, listed as threatened in São Paulo
MaterialswoodtimberBrack, P. & M. Grings. 2011. Enterolobium contortisiliquum. Timbaúva. In: Coradin, L. et al., Espécies nativas da flora brasileira de valor econômico atual ou potencial: plantas para o futuro: região Sul 457-460. Note: species with potential use for reforestation, its timber used for veneer; it is locally abundant in Brazil in secondary vegetation, listed as threatened in São Paulo
Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2026. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://npgstest.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=15194. Accessed 15 April 2026.