Taxon: Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.

Summary

Genus:

Echinochloa

Family:

Poaceae (alt. Gramineae)

Subfamily:

Panicoideae

Tribe:

Paniceae

Subtribe:

Boivinellinae

Nomen number:

14823

Place of publication:

Ess. Agrostogr. 53, 161, 169, t. 11, fig. 2. 1812 "crus galli"

Protologue link:

https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/394240

Comment:

combination made in index
allohexaploid (2n=54)

Verified:

03/05/1992 ARS Systematic Botanists.

Accessions:

784 (78 active, 76 available) in National Plant Germplasm System. (Map it)

Other conspecific taxa

Echinochloa crus-galli var. praticola (0 active accession[s])

Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations

Basionym
Panicum crus-galli L.

Autonym(s)
Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. subsp. crus-galli
Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. var. crus-galli

Homotypic Synonym(s)
Panicum crus-galli L. var. crus-galli

Heterotypic Synonym(s)


Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. var. edulis Hitchc.
Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. var. mitis (Pursh) Peterm.
Echinochloa spiralis Vasinger
Panicum crus-galli L. var. mite Pursh
Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. subsp. spiralis (Vasinger) Tzvelev
Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. var. formosensis Ohwi
Echinochloa zelayensis (Kunth) Schult.
Echinochloa zelayensis (Kunth) Schult. var. zelayensis
Oplismenus zelayensis Kunth
Echinochloa macrocorvi Nakai
Panicum erectum Pollacci

No images

Links

Forestry Images – from www.forestryimages.org
Spikelets and/or florets – Seed ID Workshop image, from Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio State University

Conservation Status

Reference(s)

University of Georgia Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health
Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
Aoki, D. & H. Yamaguchi. 2008. Genetic relationship between Echinochloa crus-galli and Echinochloa oryzicola accessions inferred from internal transcribed spacer and chloroplast DNA sequences. Weed Biol. Managem. 8:233-242. Note: it supported Echinochloa oryzicola as paternal donor, but maternal one is unknown
APHIS. Agricultural Risk Management System United States Department of Agriculture.
Botanical Society of the British Isles. BSBI taxon database (on-line resource).
Boulos, L. & M. N. El-Hadidi. 1984. The weeds of Egypt.
Boulos, L. 1999-. Flora of Egypt
Catasús Guerra, L. J. 2002. Las gramíneas (Poaceae) de Cuba, II. Cavanillesia Altera 3:1-163.
CIBA-GEIGY, Basel, Switzerland. 1968-1974. The CIBA-GEIGY Weed Tables 3.1.
Darbyshire, S. J. 2003. Inventory of Canadian Agricultural Weeds Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 45. Note: lists as Echinochloa crusgalli
Demilly, D. et al. 2001. Liste alphabétique des principales espèces de plantes cultivées et de mauvaises herbes. Noms latins et noms français, ed. 7 GEVES-SNES, Beaucouzé, France.
Erhardt, W. et al. 2002. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 17. Auflage
Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
Gould, F. W. et al. 1972. A revision of Echinochloa in the United States. Amer. Midl. Naturalist 87:53.
Guo, L. et al. 2017. Echinochloa crus-galli genome analysis provides insight into its adaptation and invasiveness as a weed. Nat. Commun. 18:1031. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01067-5 .
Holm, L. et al. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds
Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
Mun-Chan, B. et al. 1986. A checklist of the Korean cultivated plants. Kulturpflanze 34:97.
Nozawa, S. et al. 2006. Difference in SSR variations between Japanese barnyard millet (Echinochloa esculenta) and its wild relative E. crus-galli. Breed. Sci. 56:335-340.
Oseland, E. et al. 2020. Examination of commercially avaialble bird feed for weed seed contaminants. Invasive Pl. Sci. Managm. 13:14-22. DOI: 10.1017/inp.2020.2.
Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Seed Regulatory and Testing Division, Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S.D.A. State noxious-weed seed requirements recognized in the administration of the Federal Seed Act (updated annually).
Skvortsov, A. K., ed. 2006. Flora of the Lower Volga region 1:129. Note: lists as"Echinochloa crusgalli"
't Mannetje, L. & R. M. Jones, eds. 1992. Forages. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 4:126-127.
Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966-. Flora of Iraq.
Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952-. Flora of tropical East Africa.
Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR
Vibrans, H., ed. Malezas de México (on-line resource).
Webster, R. K. 1992. Compendium of rice diseases. In: American Phytopathological Society, The disease compendium series. 18.
Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition). Note: = "Echinochloa crusgalli" with six varieties
Yabuno, T. 1962. Cytotaxonomic studies on the two cultivated species and the wild relatives in the genus Echinochloa. Cytologia 27:296-305. Note: hexaploid populations of Echinochloa crus-galli considered wild forms of E. esculenta (as "E. utilis")
Yabuno, T. 1987. Japanese barnyard millet (Echinochloa utilis, Poaceae) in Japan. Econ. Bot. 41:484-493. Note: proposed as progenitor of Echinochloa esculenta (as E. utilis)
Yamaguchi, H. et al. 2005. A molecular phylogeny of wild and cultivated Echinochloa in East Asia inferred from non-coding region sequences of trnT-L-F. Weed Biol. Managem. 5:210-218. Note: The weed society of Japan
Ye, C.-Y. et al. 2014. Echinochloa chloroplast genomes: Insights into the evolution and taxonomic identification of two weedy species. PLoS One 9(11): e113657. Note: identification of samples used for genome sequencing was based on morphology, cytology and a cp-marker (trnT-L-F); it detected genomic variation between Echinochloa crus-galli and E. oryzoides
Zuloaga, F. O. et al. 2003. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): III. Subfamilies Panicoideae, Aristidoideae, Arundinoideae, and Danthonioideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 46:217.
2018. Mid-Atlantic invasive plant species (on-line resource)

Common names

Language	Name	note	seq	Citation
English	barnyard grass		1	Wiersema, J. H. & B. León. 1999. World economic plants: a standard reference CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
English	barnyard millet		1	Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
English	cocksfoot grass		1	Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
English	cockshin grass		1	Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
English	cockspur		1	Botanical Society of the British Isles. BSBI taxon database (on-line resource).
English	cockspur grass		1	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
English	cockspur-panic		1	Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
English	water grass		1	Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
English	wild millet		1	Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
Arabic	denieba		2	Boulos, L. 1999-. Flora of Egypt
English (Canada)	barnyard grass	Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada official name	2	Darbyshire, S. J. 2003. Inventory of Canadian Agricultural Weeds Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 45. Note: lists as Echinochloa crusgalli
French	echinochloa pied-de-coq		2	FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
French	panic pied-de-coq		2	Demilly, D. et al. 2001. Liste alphabétique des principales espèces de plantes cultivées et de mauvaises herbes. Noms latins et noms français, ed. 7 GEVES-SNES, Beaucouzé, France.
French	pied de coq		2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
French (Canada)	échinochloa pied-de-coq	Agriculture & Agroalimentaire Canada nom officiel	2	Darbyshire, S. J. 2003. Inventory of Canadian Agricultural Weeds Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 45. Note: lists as Echinochloa crusgalli
German	gewöhnliche Hühnerhirse		2	Erhardt, W. et al. 2002. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 17. Auflage
German	Hühnerhirse		2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
India	sanwak		2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Spanish	arrocillo		2	Catasús Guerra, L. J. 2002. Las gramíneas (Poaceae) de Cuba, II. Cavanillesia Altera 3:1-163.
Spanish	pata de gallo		2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Spanish	pie de gallina		2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Spanish	zacate de agua		2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Swedish	hönshirs		2	Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
Transcribed Korean	pi		2	Mun-Chan, B. et al. 1986. A checklist of the Korean cultivated plants. Kulturpflanze 34:97.

Distribution

order_code	Status	Continent	Subcontinent	Country	State	Note	Reference
1	Native	Europe	Eastern Europe	Russian Federation	Astrakhan		Skvortsov, A. K., ed. 2006. Flora of the Lower Volga region 1:129. Note: lists as"Echinochloa crusgalli"
1	Native	Europe	Eastern Europe	Russian Federation	Kalmykija, Respublika		Skvortsov, A. K., ed. 2006. Flora of the Lower Volga region 1:129. Note: lists as"Echinochloa crusgalli"
1	Native	Europe	Eastern Europe	Russian Federation	Saratov		Skvortsov, A. K., ed. 2006. Flora of the Lower Volga region 1:129. Note: lists as"Echinochloa crusgalli"
1	Native	Europe	Eastern Europe	Russian Federation	Volgogradskaja oblast'		Skvortsov, A. K., ed. 2006. Flora of the Lower Volga region 1:129. Note: lists as"Echinochloa crusgalli"
4	Naturalized	Africa	East Tropical Africa	Tanzania			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	East Tropical Africa	Uganda			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	Northeast Tropical Africa	Sudan			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	Northern Africa	Egypt			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	Northern Africa	Morocco			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	Northern Africa	Tunisia			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	South Tropical Africa	Mozambique			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	Southern Africa	Eswatini			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	Southern Africa	South Africa			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Guinea			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Senegal			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	Western Indian Ocean	Madagascar			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	Western Indian Ocean	Mauritius			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	China	China			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	Eastern Asia	Japan			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	Eastern Asia	Korea			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	Eastern Asia	Taiwan			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	Middle Asia	Uzbekistan			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Afghanistan			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Iran			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Iraq			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Israel			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Lebanon			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Turkey			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	Bangladesh			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	Bhutan			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	India			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	Nepal			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	Pakistan			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	Sri Lanka			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Indo-China	Cambodia			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Indo-China	Laos			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Indo-China	Myanmar			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Indo-China	Thailand			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Indo-China	Vietnam			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Malesia	Indonesia			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Malesia	Malaysia			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Malesia	Philippines			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Australasia	Australia	Australia			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Europe	Eastern Europe	Belarus			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Europe	Eastern Europe	Estonia			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Europe	Eastern Europe	Ukraine			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Europe	Middle Europe	Austria			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Europe	Middle Europe	Belgium			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Europe	Middle Europe	Czech Republic			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Europe	Middle Europe	Germany			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Europe	Middle Europe	Netherlands			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Europe	Middle Europe	Switzerland			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Europe	Northern Europe	Denmark			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Europe	Northern Europe	Norway			Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Northern America		Mexico			Zuloaga, F. O. et al. 2003. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): III. Subfamilies Panicoideae, Aristidoideae, Arundinoideae, and Danthonioideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 46:217.
4	Naturalized	Northern America		North America			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Pacific	North-Central Pacific	United States	Hawaii		Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Pacific	North-Central Pacific	United States	United States Minor Outlying Islands		Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Pacific	North-Central Pacific	United States	United States Minor Outlying Islands		Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Pacific	Northwestern Pacific	Marshall Islands			Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Pacific	Northwestern Pacific	Micronesia			Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Pacific	South-Central Pacific	French Polynesia			Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Pacific	Southwestern Pacific	Fiji			Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Pacific	Southwestern Pacific	New Caledonia			Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Brazil	Brazil			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Caribbean	West Indies			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Northern South America	Venezuela			Zuloaga, F. O. et al. 2003. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): III. Subfamilies Panicoideae, Aristidoideae, Arundinoideae, and Danthonioideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 46:217.
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Southern South America	Argentina			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Southern South America	Chile			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Southern South America	Paraguay			Zuloaga, F. O. et al. 2003. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): III. Subfamilies Panicoideae, Aristidoideae, Arundinoideae, and Danthonioideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 46:217.
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Southern South America	Uruguay			Zuloaga, F. O. et al. 2003. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): III. Subfamilies Panicoideae, Aristidoideae, Arundinoideae, and Danthonioideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 46:217.
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Western South America	Colombia			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Western South America	Peru			International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
6	Other					origin obscure, likely tropical Asia	't Mannetje, L. & R. M. Jones, eds. 1992. Forages. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 4:126-127.

Native
Europe

EASTERN EUROPE: Russian Federation [Kalmykija, Respublika, Astrakhan, Saratov, Volgogradskaja oblast']

Naturalized
Africa

NORTHERN AFRICA: Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia
NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Sudan
EAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Tanzania, Uganda
WEST TROPICAL AFRICA: Guinea, Senegal
SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA: Mozambique
SOUTHERN AFRICA: Eswatini, South Africa
WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN: Madagascar, Mauritius

Asia-Temperate

WESTERN ASIA: Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, Turkey
MIDDLE ASIA: Uzbekistan
CHINA: China
EASTERN ASIA: Korea, Japan, Taiwan

Asia-Tropical

INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Pakistan
INDO-CHINA: Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam
MALESIA: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines

Australasia

AUSTRALIA: Australia

Europe

NORTHERN EUROPE: Denmark, Norway
MIDDLE EUROPE: Austria, Belgium, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands
EASTERN EUROPE: Belarus, Estonia, Ukraine

Northern America

REGION: North America, Mexico

Pacific

NORTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC: United States [Hawaii, United States Minor Outlying Islands, United States Minor Outlying Islands]
NORTHWESTERN PACIFIC: Micronesia, Marshall Islands
SOUTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC: French Polynesia
SOUTHWESTERN PACIFIC: Fiji, New Caledonia

Southern America

CARIBBEAN: West Indies
NORTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Venezuela
BRAZIL: Brazil
WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA: Colombia, Peru
SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina, Chile, Paraguay, Uruguay

Other (origin obscure, likely tropical Asia)

Reference(s)

Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
International Development Consortium. Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
Skvortsov, A. K., ed. 2006. Flora of the Lower Volga region 1:129. Note: lists as"Echinochloa crusgalli"
't Mannetje, L. & R. M. Jones, eds. 1992. Forages. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 4:126-127.
Zuloaga, F. O. et al. 2003. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): III. Subfamilies Panicoideae, Aristidoideae, Arundinoideae, and Danthonioideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 46:217.

Economic Uses

Usage	Type	Note	Reference
Harmful organism host	crop diseases		Webster, R. K. 1992. Compendium of rice diseases. In: American Phytopathological Society, The disease compendium series. 18.
Weed	seed contaminant	of birdseed mixes	Oseland, E. et al. 2020. Examination of commercially avaialble bird feed for weed seed contaminants. Invasive Pl. Sci. Managm. 13:14-22. DOI: 10.1017/inp.2020.2.
Weed	seed contaminant	potential	CIBA-GEIGY, Basel, Switzerland. 1968-1974. The CIBA-GEIGY Weed Tables 3.1.

Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2026. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://npgstest.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=14823. Accessed 12 May 2026.