Taxon: Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler

Summary

Genus:

Digitaria

Family:

Poaceae (alt. Gramineae)

Subfamily:

Panicoideae

Tribe:

Paniceae

Subtribe:

Anthephorinae

Nomen number:

13998

Place of publication:

Descr. Gram. 27. 1802

Verified:

07/18/1988 ARS Systematic Botanists.

Accessions:

15 (6 active, 4 available) in National Plant Germplasm System. (Map it)

Other conspecific taxa

Digitaria ciliaris var. ciliaris (0 active accession[s])

Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations

Basionym
Panicum ciliare Retz.

Homotypic Synonym(s)
Syntherisma ciliare (Retz.) Schrad.

Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Digitaria adscendens (Kunth) Henrard
Digitaria chinensis Hornem.
Digitaria sericea (Honda) Ohwi
Syntherisma sericeum Honda

No images

Links

Forestry Images – from www.forestryimages.org

Conservation Status

Reference(s)

University of Georgia Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health
Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & M. T. Strong. Flora of the West Indies (on-line resource). Note: as "exotic"
Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
APHIS. Agricultural Risk Management System United States Department of Agriculture.
Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. 1993. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45
Catasús Guerra, L. J. 2002. Las gramíneas (Poaceae) de Cuba, II. Cavanillesia Altera 3:1-163.
Chester, E. W. et al. 1993-1997. Atlas of Tennessee vascular plants.
Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959-. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae.
Davidse, G. et al., eds. 1994. Flora mesoamericana.
Ellis, R. P. 1997. pers. comm. Note: re. English common names
Exell, A. W. et al., eds. 1960-. Flora zambesiaca.
FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14 National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
Gibbs-Russell, G. E. et al. 1990. Grasses of southern Africa. Mem. Bot. Surv. S. Africa vol. 58
Görts-van Rijn, A. R. A., ed. 1986-. Flora of the Guianas.
Gould, F. W. 1975. The grasses of Texas
Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
Holm, L. et al. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds
Holttum, R. E. et al. 1953-1971. A revised flora of Malaya.
Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares. Note: native
Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
Kartesz, J. T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland.
Lazarides, M. 1980. The tropical grasses of Southeast Asia
Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2
McElroy, J. S. & P. C. Bhowmik. 2013. 22. Turfgrass weed management. In: Casler, M. D. & R. R. Duncan, eds., Turfgrass biology, genetics, and breeding 56:777-808. DOI: 10.2134/agronmonogr56.c22.
Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970-. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
Randall, R. P. 2007. The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status.
Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Shukla, U. 1996. Grasses of north-eastern India
Skvortsov, A. K., ed. 2006. Flora of the Lower Volga region 1:127. Note: = Digitaria pectiniformis (Henr.) Tzvel.
't Mannetje, L. & R. M. Jones, eds. 1992. Forages. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 4:119-121.
Townsend, J., ed. South Carolina plant atlas (on-line resource).
Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952-. Flora of tropical East Africa.
Ugarte, E. et al. 2011. Vascular alien flora, Chile. Check List 7:365-382.
Veldkamp, J. F. 1973. Notes on Malesian grasses: VI. A revision of Digitaria Haller (Gramineae) in Malesia. Blumea 21:32-35.
Veldkamp, J. F. 1997. pers. comm. Note: re. common names
Webster, R. D. 1983. A revision of the genus Digitaria Haller (Paniceae:Poaceae) in Australia. Brunonia 6:170-172.
Wofford, B. E. Database of Tennessee vascular plants (on-line resource).
Wunderlin, R. & B. Hansen. Atlas of Florida vascular plants (on-line resource).
Yatskievych, G. 1999-. Steyermark's Flora of Missouri, revised edition
Zuloaga, F. O. et al. 1994. Catálogo de la familia Poaceae en la República Argentina. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 47
Zuloaga, F. O. et al. 2003. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): III. Subfamilies Panicoideae, Aristidoideae, Arundinoideae, and Danthonioideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 46:197.

Common names

Language	Name	seq	Citation
English	common crabgrass	1	Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
English	crabgrass	1	Veldkamp, J. F. 1997. pers. comm. Note: re. common names
English	southern crabgrass	1	Wiersema, J. H. & B. León. 1999. World economic plants: a standard reference CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
English	summer grass	1	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
English	tropical finger grass	1	Ellis, R. P. 1997. pers. comm. Note: re. English common names
French	digitaire ciliée	2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
German	Wimperfingerhirse	2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
India (Hindi)	takri	2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Portuguese (Brazil)	capim-milhã	2	Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
Portuguese (Brazil)	milhã	2	Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
Spanish	pata de gallina	2	Catasús Guerra, L. J. 2002. Las gramíneas (Poaceae) de Cuba, II. Cavanillesia Altera 3:1-163.
Swedish	franshirs	2	Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)

Distribution

order_code	Status	Continent	Subcontinent	Country	State	Note	Reference
1	Native	Africa	East Tropical Africa	Kenya			Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952-. Flora of tropical East Africa.
1	Native	Africa	East Tropical Africa	Tanzania			Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952-. Flora of tropical East Africa.
1	Native	Africa	East Tropical Africa	Uganda			Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952-. Flora of tropical East Africa.
1	Native	Africa	Northeast Tropical Africa	Sudan
1	Native	Africa	South Tropical Africa	Mozambique			Exell, A. W. et al., eds. 1960-. Flora zambesiaca.
1	Native	Africa	South Tropical Africa	Zimbabwe			Exell, A. W. et al., eds. 1960-. Flora zambesiaca.
1	Native	Africa	Southern Africa	Botswana			Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14 National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
1	Native	Africa	Southern Africa	Eswatini			Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14 National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
1	Native	Africa	Southern Africa	South Africa	Eastern Cape		Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14 National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
1	Native	Africa	Southern Africa	South Africa	Free State		Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14 National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
1	Native	Africa	Southern Africa	South Africa	Gauteng		Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14 National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
1	Native	Africa	Southern Africa	South Africa	KwaZulu-Natal		Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14 National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
1	Native	Africa	Southern Africa	South Africa	Limpopo		Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14 National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
1	Native	Africa	Southern Africa	South Africa	Mpumalanga		Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14 National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
1	Native	Africa	Southern Africa	South Africa	Northern Cape		Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14 National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
1	Native	Africa	Southern Africa	South Africa	North-West		Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14 National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
1	Native	Africa	West-Central Tropical Africa	Cameroon
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	India			Shukla, U. 1996. Grasses of north-eastern India
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	Pakistan			Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970-. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	Sri Lanka
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indo-China	Cambodia			Lazarides, M. 1980. The tropical grasses of Southeast Asia
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indo-China	Laos			Lazarides, M. 1980. The tropical grasses of Southeast Asia
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indo-China	Myanmar			Lazarides, M. 1980. The tropical grasses of Southeast Asia
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indo-China	Thailand			Lazarides, M. 1980. The tropical grasses of Southeast Asia
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indo-China	Vietnam			Lazarides, M. 1980. The tropical grasses of Southeast Asia
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Malesia	Indonesia			Lazarides, M. 1980. The tropical grasses of Southeast Asia
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Malesia	Malaysia			Lazarides, M. 1980. The tropical grasses of Southeast Asia
1	Native	Europe	Eastern Europe	Russian Federation	Astrakhan		Skvortsov, A. K., ed. 2006. Flora of the Lower Volga region 1:127. Note: = Digitaria pectiniformis (Henr.) Tzvel.
1	Native	Europe	Eastern Europe	Russian Federation	Volgogradskaja oblast'		Skvortsov, A. K., ed. 2006. Flora of the Lower Volga region 1:127. Note: = Digitaria pectiniformis (Henr.) Tzvel.
1	Native	Northern America		Mexico
1	Native	Northern America	North-Central U.S.A.	United States	Illinois		FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
1	Native	Northern America	North-Central U.S.A.	United States	Iowa		FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
1	Native	Northern America	North-Central U.S.A.	United States	Kansas		FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
1	Native	Northern America	North-Central U.S.A.	United States	Missouri		FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
1	Native	Northern America	North-Central U.S.A.	United States	Nebraska	s.e.	FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
1	Native	Northern America	North-Central U.S.A.	United States	Oklahoma		FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
1	Native	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	Indiana		FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
1	Native	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	Massachusetts		FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
1	Native	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	New York		FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
1	Native	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	Ohio		FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
1	Native	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	Pennsylvania	s.	FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
1	Native	Northern America	Northwestern U.S.A.	United States	Idaho	s.e.	FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
1	Native	Northern America	Northwestern U.S.A.	United States	Montana	e.	FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
1	Native	Northern America	South-Central U.S.A.	United States	New Mexico	s.	FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
1	Native	Northern America	South-Central U.S.A.	United States	Texas		FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
1	Native	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Alabama		FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
1	Native	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Arkansas		FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
1	Native	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Florida	http://www.plantatlas.usf.edu/main.asp?plantID=2222	FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
1	Native	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Georgia		FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
1	Native	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Kentucky	w.	FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
1	Native	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Louisiana		FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
1	Native	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Maryland		FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
1	Native	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Mississippi		FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
1	Native	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	North Carolina		FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
1	Native	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	South Carolina		FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
1	Native	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Tennessee		FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
1	Native	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Virginia		FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
1	Native	Northern America	Southwestern U.S.A.	United States	California	s.	FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
1	Native	Southern America	Brazil	Brazil			Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Jamaica
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	St. Kitts and Nevis
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	United States	Puerto Rico
1	Native	Southern America	Central America	Belize			Davidse, G. et al., eds. 1994. Flora mesoamericana.
1	Native	Southern America	Central America	Costa Rica			Davidse, G. et al., eds. 1994. Flora mesoamericana.
1	Native	Southern America	Central America	El Salvador			Zuloaga, F. O. et al. 2003. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): III. Subfamilies Panicoideae, Aristidoideae, Arundinoideae, and Danthonioideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 46:197.
1	Native	Southern America	Central America	Guatemala			Davidse, G. et al., eds. 1994. Flora mesoamericana.
1	Native	Southern America	Central America	Honduras			Davidse, G. et al., eds. 1994. Flora mesoamericana.
1	Native	Southern America	Central America	Nicaragua			Davidse, G. et al., eds. 1994. Flora mesoamericana.
1	Native	Southern America	Central America	Panama			Davidse, G. et al., eds. 1994. Flora mesoamericana.
1	Native	Southern America	Northern South America	French Guiana			Görts-van Rijn, A. R. A., ed. 1986-. Flora of the Guianas.
1	Native	Southern America	Northern South America	Guyana			Görts-van Rijn, A. R. A., ed. 1986-. Flora of the Guianas.
1	Native	Southern America	Northern South America	Suriname			Görts-van Rijn, A. R. A., ed. 1986-. Flora of the Guianas.
1	Native	Southern America	Southern South America	Argentina			Zuloaga, F. O. et al. 1994. Catálogo de la familia Poaceae en la República Argentina. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 47
1	Native	Southern America	Southern South America	Uruguay			Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares. Note: native
1	Native	Southern America	Western South America	Bolivia			Zuloaga, F. O. et al. 2003. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): III. Subfamilies Panicoideae, Aristidoideae, Arundinoideae, and Danthonioideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 46:197.
1	Native	Southern America	Western South America	Peru			Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. 1993. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45
4	Naturalized	Australasia	Australia	Australia			Randall, R. P. 2007. The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status.
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Caribbean	Barbados			Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & M. T. Strong. Flora of the West Indies (on-line resource). Note: as "exotic"
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Caribbean	Cuba			Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & M. T. Strong. Flora of the West Indies (on-line resource). Note: as "exotic"
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Caribbean	Dominica			Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & M. T. Strong. Flora of the West Indies (on-line resource). Note: as "exotic"
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Caribbean	Guadeloupe			Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & M. T. Strong. Flora of the West Indies (on-line resource). Note: as "exotic"
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Southern South America	Chile			Ugarte, E. et al. 2011. Vascular alien flora, Chile. Check List 7:365-382.
6	Other					exact native range obscure

Native
Africa

NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Sudan
EAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
WEST-CENTRAL TROPICAL AFRICA: Cameroon
SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA: Mozambique, Zimbabwe
SOUTHERN AFRICA: Botswana, Eswatini, South Africa [Eastern Cape, Free State, Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo, Mpumalanga, Northern Cape, North-West]

Asia-Tropical

INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan
INDO-CHINA: Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam
MALESIA: Indonesia, Malaysia

Europe

EASTERN EUROPE: Russian Federation [Astrakhan, Volgogradskaja oblast']

Northern America

NORTHEASTERN U.S.A.: United States [Indiana, Massachusetts, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania (s.)]
NORTH-CENTRAL U.S.A.: United States [Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska (s.e.), Oklahoma]
NORTHWESTERN U.S.A.: United States [Idaho (s.e.), Montana (e.)]
SOUTHEASTERN U.S.A.: United States [Alabama, Arkansas, Florida (http://www.plantatlas.usf.edu/main.asp?plantID=2222), Georgia, Kentucky (w.), Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia]
SOUTH-CENTRAL U.S.A.: United States [New Mexico (s.), Texas]
SOUTHWESTERN U.S.A.: United States [California (s.)]
REGION: Mexico

Southern America

CARIBBEAN: Jamaica, St. Kitts and Nevis, United States [Puerto Rico]
CENTRAL AMERICA: Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, El Salvador
NORTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname
BRAZIL: Brazil
WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA: Bolivia, Peru
SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina, Uruguay

Naturalized
Australasia

AUSTRALIA: Australia

Southern America

CARIBBEAN: Barbados, Cuba, Dominica, Guadeloupe
SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Chile

Other (exact native range obscure)

Reference(s)

Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & M. T. Strong. Flora of the West Indies (on-line resource). Note: as "exotic"
Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. 1993. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45
Davidse, G. et al., eds. 1994. Flora mesoamericana.
Exell, A. W. et al., eds. 1960-. Flora zambesiaca.
FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14 National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
Görts-van Rijn, A. R. A., ed. 1986-. Flora of the Guianas.
Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares. Note: native
Lazarides, M. 1980. The tropical grasses of Southeast Asia
Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970-. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
Randall, R. P. 2007. The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status.
Shukla, U. 1996. Grasses of north-eastern India
Skvortsov, A. K., ed. 2006. Flora of the Lower Volga region 1:127. Note: = Digitaria pectiniformis (Henr.) Tzvel.
Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952-. Flora of tropical East Africa.
Ugarte, E. et al. 2011. Vascular alien flora, Chile. Check List 7:365-382.
Zuloaga, F. O. et al. 1994. Catálogo de la familia Poaceae en la República Argentina. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 47
Zuloaga, F. O. et al. 2003. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): III. Subfamilies Panicoideae, Aristidoideae, Arundinoideae, and Danthonioideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 46:197.

Economic Uses

Usage	Type	Note	Reference
Animal food	forage		Shukla, U. 1996. Grasses of north-eastern India
Animal food	forage		Lazarides, M. 1980. The tropical grasses of Southeast Asia
Environmental	erosion control		't Mannetje, L. & R. M. Jones, eds. 1992. Forages. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 4:119-121.
Weed		of turfgrass	McElroy, J. S. & P. C. Bhowmik. 2013. 22. Turfgrass weed management. In: Casler, M. D. & R. R. Duncan, eds., Turfgrass biology, genetics, and breeding 56:777-808. DOI: 10.2134/agronmonogr56.c22.
Weed	seed contaminant	potential	Gibbs-Russell, G. E. et al. 1990. Grasses of southern Africa. Mem. Bot. Surv. S. Africa vol. 58

Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2026. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://npgstest.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=13998. Accessed 15 April 2026.