Taxon: Crataegus crus-galli L.

Summary

Genus:

Crataegus

Family:

Rosaceae

Subfamily:

Amygdaloideae

Tribe:

Maleae

Subtribe:

Malinae

Nomen number:

12089

Place of publication:

Sp. pl. 1:476. 1753

Typification:

View in Linnean Typification Project

Verified:

11/06/1985 ARS Systematic Botanists.

Accessions:

15 (10 active, 4 available) in National Plant Germplasm System. (Map it)

Other conspecific taxa

Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations

Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Crataegus pyracanthoides Beadle
Crataegus pyracanthoides Beadle var. pyracanthoides
Crataegus regalis Beadle
Crataegus salicifolia Medik.

Images (3 total. Click on image for more.)

Conservation Status

Reference(s)

Flora of the Washington-Baltimore area (DC Flora Checklist) (on-line resource).
Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
APHIS. Agricultural Risk Management System United States Department of Agriculture.
Brown, R. G. & M. L. Brown. 1972. Woody plants of Maryland
Chester, E. W. et al. 1993-1997. Atlas of Tennessee vascular plants.
Cinovskis, R. E. 1971. Crataegi Baltici 223.
Clark, R. C. 1971. The woody plants of Alabama. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 58:175.
Correll, D. S. & M. C. Johnston. 1970. Manual of the vascular plants of Texas
Darbyshire, S. J. 2003. Inventory of Canadian Agricultural Weeds Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 132.
Deam, C. C. 1940. Flora of Indiana.
Dickinson, T. A. & J. B. Phipps. 1985. Studies in Crataegus L. (Rosaceae: Maloideae). XIII. Degree and pattern of phenotypic variation in Crataegus sect. Crus-galli in Ontario. Syst. Bot. 10:322-337. www.aspt.net/systematic-botany
Eilers, L. J. & D. M. Roosa. 1994. The vascular plants of Iowa
Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage
Gleason, H. A. & A. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada, ed. 2
Haines, A. & T. F. Vining. 1998. Flora of Maine: a manual for identification of native and naturalized vascular plants of Maine.
Harmon, P. J. et al. 2006. Checklist and atlas of the vascular flora of West Virginia.
Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening
Jones, G. N. & G. D. Fuller. 1955. Vascular plants of Illinois.
Jones, R. L. 2005. Plant life of Kentucky: an illustrated guide to the vascular flora.
Krüssmann, G. 1984. Manual of cultivated broad-leaved trees and shrubs (English translation of Handbuch der Laubgehölze. 1976)
Kunkel, G. 1984. Plants for human consumption
Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada
Magee, D. W. & H. E. Ahles. 1999. Flora of the Northeast. A manual of the vascular flora of New England and adjacent New York.
McGregor, R. L. et al. (The Great Plains Flora Association). 1977. Atlas of the Flora of the Great Plains.
McGregor, R. L. et al. (The Great Plains Flora Association). 1986. Flora of the Great Plains.
Mohlenbrock, R. H. & D. M. Ladd. 1978. Distribution of Illinois vascular plants
New York Flora Association. New York flora atlas (on-line resource).
Phipps, J. B & M. Muniyamma. 1980. A taxonomic revision of Crataegus (Rosaceae) in Ontario. Canad. J. Bot. 58:1639.
Phipps, J. B. 1988. Typification of Crataegus crus-galli L. (Rosaceae) and nomenclatural notes on some related species of hawthorn. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 96:359-369.
Radford, A. E. et al. 1964. Manual of the vascular flora of the Carolinas.
Scoggan, H. J. 1978-1979. The flora of Canada, 4 vol.
Seymour, F. 1969. The flora of New England.
Smith, E. B. 1978. An atlas and annotated list of the vascular plants of Arkansas
Steyermark, J. A. 1977. Flora of Missouri.
Townsend, J., ed. South Carolina plant atlas (on-line resource).
Turner, B. L. et al. 2003. Atlas of the vascular plants of Texas. Sida Botanical Miscellany no. 24
Virginia Botanical Associates. Digital atlas of the Virginia flora (on-line resource).
Voss, E. 1972-. Michigan flora.
Weakley, A. S. 2007. Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, and surrounding areas.
Wetter, M. A. et al. WISFLORA: Wisconsin vascular plant species (on-line resource).
Wherry, E. T. et al. 1979. Atlas of the flora of Pennsylvania.
Wunderlin, R. & B. Hansen. Atlas of Florida vascular plants (on-line resource).
2018. Oklahoma vascular plant database

Common names

Language	Name	note	seq	Citation
English	cockspurthorn		1	Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada
English (Canada)	cockspur hawthorn	Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada official name	2	Darbyshire, S. J. 2003. Inventory of Canadian Agricultural Weeds Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 132.
French (Canada)	aubépine ergot-de-coq	Agriculture & Agroalimentaire Canada nom officiel	2	Darbyshire, S. J. 2003. Inventory of Canadian Agricultural Weeds Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 132.
Swedish	sporrhagtorn		2	Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)

Distribution

order_code	Status	Continent	Subcontinent	Country	State	Note	Reference
1	Native	Northern America	Eastern Canada	Canada	Ontario	s.e.	Phipps, J. B & M. Muniyamma. 1980. A taxonomic revision of Crataegus (Rosaceae) in Ontario. Canad. J. Bot. 58:1639.
1	Native	Northern America	Eastern Canada	Canada	Québec	s.w.	Scoggan, H. J. 1978-1979. The flora of Canada, 4 vol.
1	Native	Northern America	North-Central U.S.A.	United States	Illinois		Mohlenbrock, R. H. & D. M. Ladd. 1978. Distribution of Illinois vascular plants
1	Native	Northern America	North-Central U.S.A.	United States	Iowa	e.	Eilers, L. J. & D. M. Roosa. 1994. The vascular plants of Iowa
1	Native	Northern America	North-Central U.S.A.	United States	Kansas	e.	McGregor, R. L. et al. (The Great Plains Flora Association). 1977. Atlas of the Flora of the Great Plains.
1	Native	Northern America	North-Central U.S.A.	United States	Missouri		Steyermark, J. A. 1977. Flora of Missouri.
1	Native	Northern America	North-Central U.S.A.	United States	Oklahoma		McGregor, R. L. et al. (The Great Plains Flora Association). 1977. Atlas of the Flora of the Great Plains.
1	Native	Northern America	North-Central U.S.A.	United States	Wisconsin	s.	Wetter, M. A. et al. WISFLORA: Wisconsin vascular plant species (on-line resource).
1	Native	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	Connecticut		Magee, D. W. & H. E. Ahles. 1999. Flora of the Northeast. A manual of the vascular flora of New England and adjacent New York.
1	Native	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	Indiana		Deam, C. C. 1940. Flora of Indiana.
1	Native	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	Maine		Haines, A. & T. F. Vining. 1998. Flora of Maine: a manual for identification of native and naturalized vascular plants of Maine.
1	Native	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	Massachusetts		Magee, D. W. & H. E. Ahles. 1999. Flora of the Northeast. A manual of the vascular flora of New England and adjacent New York.
1	Native	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	Michigan	s.	Voss, E. 1972-. Michigan flora.
1	Native	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	New Jersey		Gleason, H. A. & A. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada, ed. 2
1	Native	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	New York		New York Flora Association. New York flora atlas (on-line resource).
1	Native	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	Ohio		Gleason, H. A. & A. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada, ed. 2
1	Native	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	Pennsylvania		Wherry, E. T. et al. 1979. Atlas of the flora of Pennsylvania.
1	Native	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	Rhode Island		Magee, D. W. & H. E. Ahles. 1999. Flora of the Northeast. A manual of the vascular flora of New England and adjacent New York.
1	Native	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	Vermont		Magee, D. W. & H. E. Ahles. 1999. Flora of the Northeast. A manual of the vascular flora of New England and adjacent New York.
1	Native	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	West Virginia		Harmon, P. J. et al. 2006. Checklist and atlas of the vascular flora of West Virginia.
1	Native	Northern America	South-Central U.S.A.	United States	Texas	e. & c.	Turner, B. L. et al. 2003. Atlas of the vascular plants of Texas. Sida Botanical Miscellany no. 24
1	Native	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Alabama		Clark, R. C. 1971. The woody plants of Alabama. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 58:175.
1	Native	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Arkansas		Smith, E. B. 1978. An atlas and annotated list of the vascular plants of Arkansas
1	Native	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Delaware		Gleason, H. A. & A. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada, ed. 2
1	Native	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	District of Columbia		Flora of the Washington-Baltimore area (DC Flora Checklist) (on-line resource).
1	Native	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Florida	n.	Wunderlin, R. & B. Hansen. Atlas of Florida vascular plants (on-line resource).
1	Native	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Georgia		Weakley, A. S. 2007. Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, and surrounding areas.
1	Native	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Kentucky		Jones, R. L. 2005. Plant life of Kentucky: an illustrated guide to the vascular flora.
1	Native	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Louisiana		Gleason, H. A. & A. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada, ed. 2
1	Native	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Maryland		Flora of the Washington-Baltimore area (DC Flora Checklist) (on-line resource).
1	Native	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Mississippi		Radford, A. E. et al. 1964. Manual of the vascular flora of the Carolinas.
1	Native	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	North Carolina		Weakley, A. S. 2007. Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, and surrounding areas.
1	Native	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	South Carolina		Townsend, J., ed. South Carolina plant atlas (on-line resource).
1	Native	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Tennessee		Chester, E. W. et al. 1993-1997. Atlas of Tennessee vascular plants.
1	Native	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Virginia		Virginia Botanical Associates. Digital atlas of the Virginia flora (on-line resource).
2	Cultivated					also cult.

Native
Northern America

EASTERN CANADA: Canada [Québec (s.w.), Ontario (s.e.)]
NORTHEASTERN U.S.A.: United States [Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan (s.), New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia]
NORTH-CENTRAL U.S.A.: United States [Illinois, Iowa (e.), Kansas (e.), Missouri, Oklahoma, Wisconsin (s.)]
SOUTHEASTERN U.S.A.: United States [Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida (n.), Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, District of Columbia]
SOUTH-CENTRAL U.S.A.: United States [Texas (e. & c.)]

Cultivated (also cult.)

Reference(s)

Flora of the Washington-Baltimore area (DC Flora Checklist) (on-line resource).
Chester, E. W. et al. 1993-1997. Atlas of Tennessee vascular plants.
Clark, R. C. 1971. The woody plants of Alabama. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 58:175.
Deam, C. C. 1940. Flora of Indiana.
Eilers, L. J. & D. M. Roosa. 1994. The vascular plants of Iowa
Gleason, H. A. & A. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada, ed. 2
Haines, A. & T. F. Vining. 1998. Flora of Maine: a manual for identification of native and naturalized vascular plants of Maine.
Harmon, P. J. et al. 2006. Checklist and atlas of the vascular flora of West Virginia.
Jones, R. L. 2005. Plant life of Kentucky: an illustrated guide to the vascular flora.
Magee, D. W. & H. E. Ahles. 1999. Flora of the Northeast. A manual of the vascular flora of New England and adjacent New York.
McGregor, R. L. et al. (The Great Plains Flora Association). 1977. Atlas of the Flora of the Great Plains.
Mohlenbrock, R. H. & D. M. Ladd. 1978. Distribution of Illinois vascular plants
New York Flora Association. New York flora atlas (on-line resource).
Phipps, J. B & M. Muniyamma. 1980. A taxonomic revision of Crataegus (Rosaceae) in Ontario. Canad. J. Bot. 58:1639.
Radford, A. E. et al. 1964. Manual of the vascular flora of the Carolinas.
Scoggan, H. J. 1978-1979. The flora of Canada, 4 vol.
Smith, E. B. 1978. An atlas and annotated list of the vascular plants of Arkansas
Steyermark, J. A. 1977. Flora of Missouri.
Townsend, J., ed. South Carolina plant atlas (on-line resource).
Turner, B. L. et al. 2003. Atlas of the vascular plants of Texas. Sida Botanical Miscellany no. 24
Virginia Botanical Associates. Digital atlas of the Virginia flora (on-line resource).
Voss, E. 1972-. Michigan flora.
Weakley, A. S. 2007. Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, and surrounding areas.
Wetter, M. A. et al. WISFLORA: Wisconsin vascular plant species (on-line resource).
Wherry, E. T. et al. 1979. Atlas of the flora of Pennsylvania.
Wunderlin, R. & B. Hansen. Atlas of Florida vascular plants (on-line resource).

Economic Uses

Usage	Type	Reference
Environmental	ornamental	Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage
Environmental	ornamental	Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening
Human food	fruit	Kunkel, G. 1984. Plants for human consumption

Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2026. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://npgstest.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=12089. Accessed 11 May 2026.