Taxon: Physalis angulata L.

Summary

Genus:

Physalis

Family:

Solanaceae

Subfamily:

Solanoideae

Tribe:

Physaleae

Subtribe:

Physalinae

Nomen number:

102388

Place of publication:

Sp. pl. 1:183. 1753

Typification:

View in Linnean Typification Project

Verified:

10/02/1995 ARS Systematic Botanists.

Accessions:

10 (4 active, 4 available) in National Plant Germplasm System. (Map it)

Other conspecific taxa

Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations

Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Physalis lanceifolia Nees

Images (1 total. Click on image for more.)

Conservation Status

Reference(s)

PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
APHIS. Agricultural Risk Management System United States Department of Agriculture.
Aubréville, A. et al., eds. 1967-. Flore de la Nouvelle Caledonie et dependances.
Babu, C. R. 1977. Herbaceous flora of Dehra Dun.
Botanical Society of the British Isles. BSBI taxon database (on-line resource).
Boulos, L. 1999-. Flora of Egypt
Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. 1993. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45
Correll, D. S. & M. C. Johnston. 1970. Manual of the vascular plants of Texas
Dassanayake, M. D. & F. R. Fosberg, eds. 1980-. A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon.
Dubs, B. 1998. Prodromus florae matogrossensis. Botany of Mato Grosso, series B, no. 3.
Exell, A. W. et al., eds. 1960-. Flora zambesiaca.
Figueiredo, E. & G. F. Smith. 2008. Plants of Angola. Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
Fosberg, F. R. et al. 1979-1982. Geographical checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae/ Pteridophyta and Gymnospermae.
Funk, V. et al. 2007. Checklist of the plants of the Guiana Shield (Venezuela: Amazonas, Bolivar, Delta Amacuro; Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana). Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 55:1-584.
Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14 National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
Gómez-Pompa, A. & V. Sosa, eds. 1978-. Flora de Veracruz.
Grierson, A. J. C. & D. J. Long. 1984-. Flora of Bhutan including a record of plants from Sikkim. Note: mentions
Hara, H. et al. 1978-1982. An enumeration of the flowering plants of Nepal.
Hedberg, I. & S. Edwards. 1989-. Flora of Ethiopia Note: Eritrea added in 2000
Hokche, O. et al. 2008. Nuevo catálogo de la flora vascular de Venezuela.
Holm, L. et al. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds
Holm, L. et al. 1997. World weeds: natural histories and distribution John Wiley & Sons, New York, New York. 583.
Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
Humbert, J.-H., ed. 1936-. Flore de Madagascar et des Comores.
IPGRI. New World Fruits Database (on-line resource).
Iwatsuki, K. et al. 1993-. Flora of Japan.
Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez, eds. 1999. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75
Kartesz, J. T. 2011. North American plant atlas. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP)
Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
Kunkel, G. 1984. Plants for human consumption
Macbride, J. F. et al., eds. 1936-. Flora of Peru Note: 1936-1971; new ser. 1980-
Menzel, M. Y. 1951. The cytotaxonomy and genetics of Physalis. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 95:132-183.
Personal Care Products Council. International Nomenclature Cosmetic Ingredient
Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
Pretz, C. & R. Deanna. 2020. Typifications and nomenclatural notes in Physalis (Solanaceae) from the United States. Taxon 69:170-192. DOI: 10.1002/tax.12159.
Singh, N. P. et al., eds. 2001-2002. Flora of Maharashtra state.
Smith, A. C. 1979-1991. Flora vitiensis nova.
Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark. 1946-1976. Flora of Guatemala.
Steyermark, J. A. 1977. Flora of Missouri.
Thulin, M., ed. 1993-. Flora of Somalia.
Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
Valkenburg, J. L. C. H. van & N. Bunyapraphatsara, eds. 2001. Medicinal and poisonous plants 2. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 12(2):423-426.
Wagner, W. L. et al. 1990. Manual of the flowering plants of Hawai'i
Walker, E. 1976. Flora of Okinawa and the southern Ryukyu Islands.
Waterfall, U. T. 1958. A taxonomic study of the genus Physalis in North America north of Mexico. Rhodora 58:162-164.
Waterfall, U. T. 1967. Physalis in Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies. Rhodora 69:216.
Whitson, M. & P. S. Manos. 2005. Untangling Physalis (Solanaceae) from the Physaloids: a two-gene phylogeny of the Physalinae. Syst. Bot. 30:216-230. www.aspt.net/systematic-botany
Wood, J. R. I. 1997. A handbook of the Yemen flora.
Woodson, R. E. & R. W. Schery, eds. 1943-1980. Flora of Panama.
Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
Zamora-Tavares, M. del P. et al. 2016. Physalis and the physaloids: a recent and complex evolutionary history. Molec. Phylogenet. Evol. 100:41-50.
Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.

Common names

Language	Name	seq	Citation
English	angular winter-cherry	1	PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
English	balloon-cherry	1	PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
English	cut-leaf ground-cherry	1	Botanical Society of the British Isles. BSBI taxon database (on-line resource).
English	gooseberry	1	PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
English	hogweed	1	PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
French	coqueret	2	PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
French	coqueret anguleux	2	PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
Swedish	kantig lyktört	2	Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
Transcribed Chinese	ku zhi	2	Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).

Distribution

order_code	Status	Continent	Subcontinent	Country	State	Note	Reference
1	Native	Northern America	North-Central U.S.A.	United States	Illinois		Kartesz, J. T. 2011. North American plant atlas. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP)
1	Native	Northern America	North-Central U.S.A.	United States	Kansas		Kartesz, J. T. 2011. North American plant atlas. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP)
1	Native	Northern America	North-Central U.S.A.	United States	Missouri		Kartesz, J. T. 2011. North American plant atlas. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP)
1	Native	Northern America	North-Central U.S.A.	United States	Oklahoma		Kartesz, J. T. 2011. North American plant atlas. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP)
1	Native	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	Connecticut		Kartesz, J. T. 2011. North American plant atlas. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP)
1	Native	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	Massachusetts		Kartesz, J. T. 2011. North American plant atlas. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP)
1	Native	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	New Jersey		Kartesz, J. T. 2011. North American plant atlas. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP)
1	Native	Northern America	Northern Mexico	Mexico	Baja		Waterfall, U. T. 1967. Physalis in Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies. Rhodora 69:216.
1	Native	Northern America	Northern Mexico	Mexico	Sinaloa		Waterfall, U. T. 1967. Physalis in Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies. Rhodora 69:216.
1	Native	Northern America	Northern Mexico	Mexico	Sonora		Waterfall, U. T. 1967. Physalis in Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies. Rhodora 69:216.
1	Native	Northern America	South-Central U.S.A.	United States	New Mexico		Kartesz, J. T. 2011. North American plant atlas. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP)
1	Native	Northern America	South-Central U.S.A.	United States	Texas		Kartesz, J. T. 2011. North American plant atlas. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP)
1	Native	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Alabama		Kartesz, J. T. 2011. North American plant atlas. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP)
1	Native	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Arkansas		Kartesz, J. T. 2011. North American plant atlas. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP)
1	Native	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Delaware		Kartesz, J. T. 2011. North American plant atlas. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP)
1	Native	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Florida		Kartesz, J. T. 2011. North American plant atlas. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP)
1	Native	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Georgia		Kartesz, J. T. 2011. North American plant atlas. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP)
1	Native	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Kentucky		Kartesz, J. T. 2011. North American plant atlas. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP)
1	Native	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Louisiana		Kartesz, J. T. 2011. North American plant atlas. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP)
1	Native	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Mississippi		Kartesz, J. T. 2011. North American plant atlas. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP)
1	Native	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	North Carolina		Kartesz, J. T. 2011. North American plant atlas. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP)
1	Native	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	South Carolina		Kartesz, J. T. 2011. North American plant atlas. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP)
1	Native	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Tennessee		Kartesz, J. T. 2011. North American plant atlas. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP)
1	Native	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Virginia		Kartesz, J. T. 2011. North American plant atlas. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP)
1	Native	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Campeche		Waterfall, U. T. 1967. Physalis in Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies. Rhodora 69:216.
1	Native	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Jalisco		Waterfall, U. T. 1967. Physalis in Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies. Rhodora 69:216.
1	Native	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Michoacán de Ocampo		Waterfall, U. T. 1967. Physalis in Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies. Rhodora 69:216.
1	Native	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Tabasco		Waterfall, U. T. 1967. Physalis in Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies. Rhodora 69:216.
1	Native	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave		Waterfall, U. T. 1967. Physalis in Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies. Rhodora 69:216.
1	Native	Northern America	Southwestern U.S.A.	United States	Arizona		Kartesz, J. T. 2011. North American plant atlas. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP)
1	Native	Northern America	Southwestern U.S.A.	United States	California		Kartesz, J. T. 2011. North American plant atlas. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP)
1	Native	Northern America	Southwestern U.S.A.	United States	Nevada	s.	Kartesz, J. T. 2011. North American plant atlas. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP)
1	Native	Southern America	Brazil	Brazil			Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Antigua and Barbuda			Waterfall, U. T. 1967. Physalis in Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies. Rhodora 69:216.
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Bahamas			Waterfall, U. T. 1967. Physalis in Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies. Rhodora 69:216.
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Barbados			Waterfall, U. T. 1967. Physalis in Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies. Rhodora 69:216.
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Bermuda			Waterfall, U. T. 1967. Physalis in Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies. Rhodora 69:216.
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Cuba			Waterfall, U. T. 1967. Physalis in Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies. Rhodora 69:216.
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Dominican Republic			Waterfall, U. T. 1967. Physalis in Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies. Rhodora 69:216.
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Grenada			Waterfall, U. T. 1967. Physalis in Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies. Rhodora 69:216.
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Guadeloupe			Waterfall, U. T. 1967. Physalis in Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies. Rhodora 69:216.
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Haiti			Waterfall, U. T. 1967. Physalis in Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies. Rhodora 69:216.
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Jamaica			Waterfall, U. T. 1967. Physalis in Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies. Rhodora 69:216.
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Martinique			Waterfall, U. T. 1967. Physalis in Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies. Rhodora 69:216.
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	St. Kitts and Nevis			Waterfall, U. T. 1967. Physalis in Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies. Rhodora 69:216.
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	St. Vincent and Grenadines			Waterfall, U. T. 1967. Physalis in Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies. Rhodora 69:216.
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Trinidad and Tobago			Waterfall, U. T. 1967. Physalis in Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies. Rhodora 69:216.
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	United States	Puerto Rico		Waterfall, U. T. 1967. Physalis in Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies. Rhodora 69:216.
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	United States	Virgin Islands, U.S.		Waterfall, U. T. 1967. Physalis in Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies. Rhodora 69:216.
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Virgin Islands (British)			Waterfall, U. T. 1967. Physalis in Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies. Rhodora 69:216.
1	Native	Southern America	Central America	Belize			Waterfall, U. T. 1967. Physalis in Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies. Rhodora 69:216.
1	Native	Southern America	Central America	Costa Rica			Waterfall, U. T. 1967. Physalis in Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies. Rhodora 69:216.
1	Native	Southern America	Central America	El Salvador			Waterfall, U. T. 1967. Physalis in Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies. Rhodora 69:216.
1	Native	Southern America	Central America	Nicaragua			Waterfall, U. T. 1967. Physalis in Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies. Rhodora 69:216.
1	Native	Southern America	Central America	Panama			Waterfall, U. T. 1967. Physalis in Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies. Rhodora 69:216.
1	Native	Southern America	Northern South America	French Guiana			Funk, V. et al. 2007. Checklist of the plants of the Guiana Shield (Venezuela: Amazonas, Bolivar, Delta Amacuro; Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana). Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 55:1-584.
1	Native	Southern America	Northern South America	Guyana			Funk, V. et al. 2007. Checklist of the plants of the Guiana Shield (Venezuela: Amazonas, Bolivar, Delta Amacuro; Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana). Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 55:1-584.
1	Native	Southern America	Northern South America	Suriname			Funk, V. et al. 2007. Checklist of the plants of the Guiana Shield (Venezuela: Amazonas, Bolivar, Delta Amacuro; Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana). Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 55:1-584.
1	Native	Southern America	Northern South America	Venezuela			Hokche, O. et al. 2008. Nuevo catálogo de la flora vascular de Venezuela.
1	Native	Southern America	Southern South America	Argentina	Entre Ríos		Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.
1	Native	Southern America	Southern South America	Argentina	Jujuy		Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.
1	Native	Southern America	Western South America	Bolivia			Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.
1	Native	Southern America	Western South America	Ecuador			Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez, eds. 1999. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75
1	Native	Southern America	Western South America	Peru			Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. 1993. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45
4	Naturalized	Africa	East Tropical Africa	Kenya			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	East Tropical Africa	Tanzania			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	Macaronesia	Cabo Verde			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	Northeast Tropical Africa	Chad			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	Northeast Tropical Africa	Ethiopia			Hedberg, I. & S. Edwards. 1989-. Flora of Ethiopia Note: Eritrea added in 2000
4	Naturalized	Africa	Northeast Tropical Africa	Somalia			Thulin, M., ed. 1993-. Flora of Somalia.
4	Naturalized	Africa	Northeast Tropical Africa	Sudan			Hedberg, I. & S. Edwards. 1989-. Flora of Ethiopia Note: Eritrea added in 2000
4	Naturalized	Africa	Northern Africa	Egypt			Boulos, L. 1999-. Flora of Egypt
4	Naturalized	Africa	South Tropical Africa	Angola			Figueiredo, E. & G. F. Smith. 2008. Plants of Angola. Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
4	Naturalized	Africa	South Tropical Africa	Mozambique			Exell, A. W. et al., eds. 1960-. Flora zambesiaca.
4	Naturalized	Africa	South Tropical Africa	Zambia			Exell, A. W. et al., eds. 1960-. Flora zambesiaca.
4	Naturalized	Africa	South Tropical Africa	Zimbabwe			Exell, A. W. et al., eds. 1960-. Flora zambesiaca.
4	Naturalized	Africa	Southern Africa	Botswana			Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14 National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
4	Naturalized	Africa	Southern Africa	Eswatini			Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14 National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
4	Naturalized	Africa	Southern Africa	Namibia			Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14 National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
4	Naturalized	Africa	Southern Africa	South Africa	Eastern Cape		Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14 National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
4	Naturalized	Africa	Southern Africa	South Africa	Free State		Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14 National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
4	Naturalized	Africa	Southern Africa	South Africa	Gauteng		Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14 National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
4	Naturalized	Africa	Southern Africa	South Africa	KwaZulu-Natal		Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14 National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
4	Naturalized	Africa	Southern Africa	South Africa	Limpopo		Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14 National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
4	Naturalized	Africa	Southern Africa	South Africa	Mpumalanga		Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14 National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
4	Naturalized	Africa	Southern Africa	South Africa	Northern Cape		Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14 National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
4	Naturalized	Africa	Southern Africa	South Africa	North-West		Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14 National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
4	Naturalized	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Benin			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Burkina Faso			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Côte D'Ivoire			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Gambia			Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
4	Naturalized	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Ghana			Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
4	Naturalized	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Guinea			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Liberia			Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
4	Naturalized	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Mali			Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
4	Naturalized	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Nigeria			Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
4	Naturalized	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Senegal			Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
4	Naturalized	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Sierra Leone			Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
4	Naturalized	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Togo			Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
4	Naturalized	Africa	West-Central Tropical Africa	Cameroon			Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
4	Naturalized	Africa	West-Central Tropical Africa	Central African Republic			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	West-Central Tropical Africa	Congo			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	West-Central Tropical Africa	Democratic Republic of the Congo			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	West-Central Tropical Africa	Equatorial Guinea			Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
4	Naturalized	Africa	West-Central Tropical Africa	Gabon			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	Western Indian Ocean	Comoros			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	Western Indian Ocean	Madagascar			Humbert, J.-H., ed. 1936-. Flore de Madagascar et des Comores.
4	Naturalized	Africa	Western Indian Ocean	Mauritius			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Africa	Western Indian Ocean	Reunion			PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	Arabian Peninsula	Yemen			Wood, J. R. I. 1997. A handbook of the Yemen flora.
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	China	China			Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	Eastern Asia	Japan			Iwatsuki, K. et al. 1993-. Flora of Japan.
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	Eastern Asia	Taiwan			Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	India			Singh, N. P. et al., eds. 2001-2002. Flora of Maharashtra state.
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	Nepal			Grierson, A. J. C. & D. J. Long. 1984-. Flora of Bhutan including a record of plants from Sikkim. Note: mentions
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	Sri Lanka			Dassanayake, M. D. & F. R. Fosberg, eds. 1980-. A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon.
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Indo-China	Thailand			Valkenburg, J. L. C. H. van & N. Bunyapraphatsara, eds. 2001. Medicinal and poisonous plants 2. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 12(2):423-426.
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Indo-China	Vietnam			Valkenburg, J. L. C. H. van & N. Bunyapraphatsara, eds. 2001. Medicinal and poisonous plants 2. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 12(2):423-426.
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Malesia	Indonesia			Valkenburg, J. L. C. H. van & N. Bunyapraphatsara, eds. 2001. Medicinal and poisonous plants 2. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 12(2):423-426.
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Malesia	Malaysia			Valkenburg, J. L. C. H. van & N. Bunyapraphatsara, eds. 2001. Medicinal and poisonous plants 2. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 12(2):423-426.
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Malesia	Philippines			Valkenburg, J. L. C. H. van & N. Bunyapraphatsara, eds. 2001. Medicinal and poisonous plants 2. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 12(2):423-426.
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Papuasia	Papua New Guinea			Valkenburg, J. L. C. H. van & N. Bunyapraphatsara, eds. 2001. Medicinal and poisonous plants 2. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 12(2):423-426.
4	Naturalized	Australasia	Australia	Australia			George, A. S., ed. 1980-. Flora of Australia.
4	Naturalized	Pacific	North-Central Pacific	United States	Hawaii		Wagner, W. L. et al. 1990. Manual of the flowering plants of Hawai'i
4	Naturalized	Pacific	Northwestern Pacific	Marshall Islands			Fosberg, F. R. et al. 1979-1982. Geographical checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae/ Pteridophyta and Gymnospermae.
4	Naturalized	Pacific	Northwestern Pacific	Micronesia			Fosberg, F. R. et al. 1979-1982. Geographical checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae/ Pteridophyta and Gymnospermae.
4	Naturalized	Pacific	Northwestern Pacific	United States	Guam		Fosberg, F. R. et al. 1979-1982. Geographical checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae/ Pteridophyta and Gymnospermae.
4	Naturalized	Pacific	Northwestern Pacific	United States	Northern Mariana Islands		Fosberg, F. R. et al. 1979-1982. Geographical checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae/ Pteridophyta and Gymnospermae.
4	Naturalized	Pacific	Southwestern Pacific	Fiji			Smith, A. C. 1979-1991. Flora vitiensis nova.
4	Naturalized	Pacific	Southwestern Pacific	New Caledonia			Aubréville, A. et al., eds. 1967-. Flore de la Nouvelle Caledonie et dependances.
6	Other					exact native range obscure

Native
Northern America

NORTHEASTERN U.S.A.: United States [Massachusetts, New Jersey, Connecticut]
NORTH-CENTRAL U.S.A.: United States [Kansas, Missouri, Illinois, Oklahoma]
SOUTHEASTERN U.S.A.: United States [Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, Mississippi, Tennessee]
SOUTH-CENTRAL U.S.A.: United States [New Mexico, Texas]
SOUTHWESTERN U.S.A.: United States [Arizona, California, Nevada (s.)]
NORTHERN MEXICO: Mexico [Baja, Sinaloa, Sonora]
SOUTHERN MEXICO: Mexico [Campeche, Jalisco, Michoacán de Ocampo, Tabasco, Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave]

Southern America

CARIBBEAN: Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Bermuda, Barbados, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Grenada, Haiti, Jamaica, St. Kitts and Nevis, Martinique, Trinidad and Tobago, United States [Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, U.S.], St. Vincent and Grenadines, Virgin Islands (British)
CENTRAL AMERICA: Belize, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama, El Salvador
NORTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela
BRAZIL: Brazil
WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA: Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru
SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina [Entre Ríos, Jujuy]

Naturalized
Africa

MACARONESIA: Cabo Verde
NORTHERN AFRICA: Egypt
NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Ethiopia, Sudan, Somalia, Chad
EAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Kenya, Tanzania
WEST-CENTRAL TROPICAL AFRICA: Central African Republic, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Congo, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea
WEST TROPICAL AFRICA: Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte D'Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea, Gambia, Liberia, Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo
SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA: Angola, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe
SOUTHERN AFRICA: Botswana, Namibia, Eswatini, South Africa [Eastern Cape, Free State, Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo, Mpumalanga, Northern Cape, North-West]
WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN: Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, Reunion

Asia-Temperate

ARABIAN PENINSULA: Yemen
CHINA: China
EASTERN ASIA: Japan, Taiwan

Asia-Tropical

INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: India, Sri Lanka, Nepal
PAPUASIA: Papua New Guinea
INDO-CHINA: Thailand, Vietnam
MALESIA: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines

Australasia

AUSTRALIA: Australia

Pacific

NORTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC: United States [Hawaii]
NORTHWESTERN PACIFIC: Micronesia, Marshall Islands, United States [Guam, Northern Mariana Islands]
SOUTHWESTERN PACIFIC: Fiji, New Caledonia

Other (exact native range obscure)

Reference(s)

PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
Aubréville, A. et al., eds. 1967-. Flore de la Nouvelle Caledonie et dependances.
Boulos, L. 1999-. Flora of Egypt
Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. 1993. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45
Dassanayake, M. D. & F. R. Fosberg, eds. 1980-. A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon.
Exell, A. W. et al., eds. 1960-. Flora zambesiaca.
Figueiredo, E. & G. F. Smith. 2008. Plants of Angola. Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
Fosberg, F. R. et al. 1979-1982. Geographical checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae/ Pteridophyta and Gymnospermae.
Funk, V. et al. 2007. Checklist of the plants of the Guiana Shield (Venezuela: Amazonas, Bolivar, Delta Amacuro; Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana). Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 55:1-584.
George, A. S., ed. 1980-. Flora of Australia.
Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14 National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
Grierson, A. J. C. & D. J. Long. 1984-. Flora of Bhutan including a record of plants from Sikkim. Note: mentions
Hedberg, I. & S. Edwards. 1989-. Flora of Ethiopia Note: Eritrea added in 2000
Hokche, O. et al. 2008. Nuevo catálogo de la flora vascular de Venezuela.
Humbert, J.-H., ed. 1936-. Flore de Madagascar et des Comores.
Iwatsuki, K. et al. 1993-. Flora of Japan.
Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez, eds. 1999. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75
Kartesz, J. T. 2011. North American plant atlas. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP)
Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
Singh, N. P. et al., eds. 2001-2002. Flora of Maharashtra state.
Smith, A. C. 1979-1991. Flora vitiensis nova.
Thulin, M., ed. 1993-. Flora of Somalia.
Valkenburg, J. L. C. H. van & N. Bunyapraphatsara, eds. 2001. Medicinal and poisonous plants 2. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 12(2):423-426.
Wagner, W. L. et al. 1990. Manual of the flowering plants of Hawai'i
Waterfall, U. T. 1967. Physalis in Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies. Rhodora 69:216.
Wood, J. R. I. 1997. A handbook of the Yemen flora.
Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.

Economic Uses

Usage	Type	Reference
Harmful organism host	crop diseases	Holm, L. et al. 1997. World weeds: natural histories and distribution John Wiley & Sons, New York, New York. 583.
Harmful organism host	crop pests	Holm, L. et al. 1997. World weeds: natural histories and distribution John Wiley & Sons, New York, New York. 583.
Human food	fruit	Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
Human food	fruit	Kunkel, G. 1984. Plants for human consumption
Weed		Iwatsuki, K. et al. 1993-. Flora of Japan.

Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2026. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://npgstest.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=102388. Accessed 9 May 2026.