Taxon:  Solanum torvum Sw.



Summary
Genus:
Solanum
Subgenus:
Leptostemonum
Section:
Torva
Family:
Solanaceae
Subfamily:
Solanoideae
Tribe:
Solaneae
Nomen number:
101441
Place of publication:
Prodr. 47.  1788, nom. cons. prop.
Comment:
proposed for conservation (nom. cons. prop.) with a conserved type (Shenzhen ICN Art. 14.9)
Verified:
11/28/2010 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
9 (0  active, 0  available) in National Plant Germplasm System.  (Map it)
Other conspecific taxa
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Solanum ficifolium Ortega

Images (3 total. Click on image for more.)
Embryo drawing

Conservation Status

Reference(s)
  1. University of Georgia Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health
  2. PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
  3. Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. et al. 1996. Flora of St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 78:1-581.
  4. Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
  5. APHIS. Agricultural Risk Management System United States Department of Agriculture.
  6. Applequist, W. L. 2013. Report of the Nomenclature Committee for Vascular Plants: 65. Taxon 62:1317. Note: proposal not recommended, considered unnecessary
  7. Arao, T. et al. 2008. Reduction of cadmium translocation from roots to shoots in eggplant (Solanum melongena) by grafting onto Solanum torvum rootstock. Soil Sci. Pl. Nutr. 54:555-559.
  8. Aubréville, A. et al., eds. 1967-. Flore de la Nouvelle Caledonie et dependances.
  9. Balick, M. J. et al. 2000. Checklist of the vascular plants of Belize, with common names and uses. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 85
  10. Bryson, C. T. et al. 2012. Growth, development, and morphological differences among native and nonnative prickly nightshades (Solanum spp.) of the southeastern United States. Invasive Pl. Sci. Managm. 5:341-352. Note: cited as Federal noxious weed
  11. Collonnier, C. et al. 2001. Applications of biotechnology in eggplant. Pl. Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 65:91-107.
  12. Correll, D. S. & H. B. Correll. 1982. Flora of the Bahama archipelago.
  13. Erhardt, W. et al. 2002. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 17. Auflage
  14. Exell, A. W. et al., eds. 1960-. Flora zambesiaca.
  15. Facciola, S. 1990. Cornucopia, a source book of edible plants Kampong Publications.
  16. Figueiredo, E. & G. F. Smith. 2008. Plants of Angola. Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
  17. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
  18. Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
  19. Funk, V. et al. 2007. Checklist of the plants of the Guiana Shield (Venezuela: Amazonas, Bolivar, Delta Amacuro; Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana). Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 55:1-584.
  20. George, A. S., ed. 1980-. Flora of Australia.
  21. Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14 National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
  22. Gómez-Pompa, A. & V. Sosa, eds. 1978-. Flora de Veracruz.
  23. Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
  24. Hansen, A. & P. Sunding. 1993. Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, ed. 4. Sommerfeltia vol. 17.
  25. Holm, L. et al. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds
  26. Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
  27. Humbert, J.-H., ed. 1936-. Flore de Madagascar et des Comores.
  28. Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez, eds. 1999. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75
  29. Kartesz, J. T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland.
  30. Knapp, S. 2011. (2030) Proposal to conserve the name Solanum torvum (Solanaceae) with a conserved type. Taxon 60:1523-1524.
  31. Lazarides, M. & B. Hince. 1993. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia
  32. León (J. S. Sauget) & Alain (E. E. Liogier). 1946-1969. Flora de Cuba
  33. Levin, R. A. et al. 2006. Phylogenetic relationships among the "spiny solanums" Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum, Solanaceae). Amer. J. Bot. 93:157-169.
  34. Liogier, H. A. 1981-. Flora of Hispaniola: Part 1; La Flora de la Española. Part II-.
  35. Liogier, H. A. 1984-. Descriptive flora of Puerto Rico and adjacent islands.
  36. Macbride, J. F. et al., eds. 1936-. Flora of Peru Note: 1936-1971; new ser. 1980-
  37. Musarella, C. M. 2020. Solanum torvum Sw. (Solanaceae): a new alien species for Europe. Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 67:515-522. DOI: 10.1107/s10722-019-00822-5.
  38. Nee, M. 1999. Synopsis of Solanum in the New World. In: Nee, M. et al., eds., Solanaceae IV: advances in biology and utilization 326.
  39. Nelson, C. H. N. 2008. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Honduras Note: Secretaría de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
  40. PBI Solanum Project. Solanaceae source: a global taxonomic resource for the nightshade family (on-line resource).
  41. Pittier, H. F. et al. 1945-1947. Catálogo de la flora venezolana.
  42. Plant Protection and Quarantine Office. United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Federal noxious weed list (on-line resource).
  43. Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
  44. Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
  45. Seed Regulatory and Testing Division, Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S.D.A. State noxious-weed seed requirements recognized in the administration of the Federal Seed Act (updated annually).
  46. Siemonsma, J. S. & Kasem Piluek, eds. 1993. Vegetables. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 8:258-260.
  47. Smith, A. C. 1979-1991. Flora vitiensis nova.
  48. Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark. 1946-1976. Flora of Guatemala.
  49. Stevens, W. D. et al., eds. 2001. Flora de Nicaragua. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 85(1-3).
  50. Symon, D. E. 1981. A revision of the genus Solanum in Australia. J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 4:115.
  51. Welman, W. G. 2003. The genus Solanum (Solanaceae) in southern Africa: subgenus Leptostemonum, the introduced sections Acanthophora and Torva. Bothalia 33:13-15.
  52. Wilson, K. L. 2016. Report of the General Committee: 14. Taxon 65:878-879. Note: proposal referred back to Committee for Vascular Plants for further consideration
  53. Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
Common names
LanguageNameAlternate namenoteseqCitation
Englishdevil's-fig  1George, A. S., ed. 1980-. Flora of Australia.
Englishpea eggplant  1Facciola, S. 1990. Cornucopia, a source book of edible plants Kampong Publications.
Englishplatebrush  1Siemonsma, J. S. & Kasem Piluek, eds. 1993. Vegetables. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 8:258-260.
Englishsusumber  1Facciola, S. 1990. Cornucopia, a source book of edible plants Kampong Publications.
Englishturkeyberry  1Seed Regulatory and Testing Division, Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S.D.A. State noxious-weed seed requirements recognized in the administration of the Federal Seed Act (updated annually).
GermanTeufels-Nachtschatten  2Erhardt, W. et al. 2002. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 17. Auflage
Indonesianpokak  2Facciola, S. 1990. Cornucopia, a source book of edible plants Kampong Publications.
Indonesiantakokak  2Siemonsma, J. S. & Kasem Piluek, eds. 1993. Vegetables. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 8:258-260.
Malayterong pipit  2Siemonsma, J. S. & Kasem Piluek, eds. 1993. Vegetables. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 8:258-260.
Portuguese (Brazil)jurubeba  2Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
Spanishberenjena cimarrona  2Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Spanishterongan  2Seed Regulatory and Testing Division, Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S.D.A. State noxious-weed seed requirements recognized in the administration of the Federal Seed Act (updated annually).
Swedishärtaubergin  2Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
Transcribed Chineseshui qie  2Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
Distribution
order_codeStatusContinentSubcontinentCountryStateNoteReference
1NativeNorthern AmericaSouthern MexicoMexicoChiapas Gómez-Pompa, A. & V. Sosa, eds. 1978-. Flora de Veracruz.
1NativeNorthern AmericaSouthern MexicoMexicoVeracruz de Ignacio de la Llaves.Gómez-Pompa, A. & V. Sosa, eds. 1978-. Flora de Veracruz.
1NativeNorthern AmericaSouthern MexicoMexicoYucatán Gómez-Pompa, A. & V. Sosa, eds. 1978-. Flora de Veracruz.
1NativeSouthern AmericaBrazilBrazilBahia Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
1NativeSouthern AmericaBrazilBrazilEspírito Santo Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
1NativeSouthern AmericaBrazilBrazilParaíba Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
1NativeSouthern AmericaBrazilBrazilPernambuco Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
1NativeSouthern AmericaBrazilBrazilRio de Janeiro Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
1NativeSouthern AmericaBrazilBrazilSão Paulo Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
1NativeSouthern AmericaCaribbeanAntigua and BarbudaAntigua Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
1NativeSouthern AmericaCaribbeanBahamas  Correll, D. S. & H. B. Correll. 1982. Flora of the Bahama archipelago.
1NativeSouthern AmericaCaribbeanBarbados  Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
1NativeSouthern AmericaCaribbeanCuba  León (J. S. Sauget) & Alain (E. E. Liogier). 1946-1969. Flora de Cuba
1NativeSouthern AmericaCaribbeanDominica  Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
1NativeSouthern AmericaCaribbeanDominican Republic  Liogier, H. A. 1981-. Flora of Hispaniola: Part 1; La Flora de la Española. Part II-.
1NativeSouthern AmericaCaribbeanGrenada  Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
1NativeSouthern AmericaCaribbeanHaiti  Liogier, H. A. 1981-. Flora of Hispaniola: Part 1; La Flora de la Española. Part II-.
1NativeSouthern AmericaCaribbeanJamaica  Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
1NativeSouthern AmericaCaribbeanMartinique  Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
1NativeSouthern AmericaCaribbeanMontserrat  Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
1NativeSouthern AmericaCaribbeanSt. Kitts and Nevis  Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
1NativeSouthern AmericaCaribbeanSt. Lucia  Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
1NativeSouthern AmericaCaribbeanSt. Vincent and Grenadines  Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
1NativeSouthern AmericaCaribbeanUnited StatesPuerto Rico Liogier, H. A. 1984-. Descriptive flora of Puerto Rico and adjacent islands.
1NativeSouthern AmericaCaribbeanUnited StatesVirgin Islands, U.S. Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. et al. 1996. Flora of St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 78:1-581.
1NativeSouthern AmericaCaribbeanVirgin Islands (British)  Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. et al. 1996. Flora of St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 78:1-581.
1NativeSouthern AmericaCentral AmericaBelize  Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark. 1946-1976. Flora of Guatemala.
1NativeSouthern AmericaCentral AmericaCosta Rica  Nee, M. 1999. Synopsis of Solanum in the New World. In: Nee, M. et al., eds., Solanaceae IV: advances in biology and utilization 326.
1NativeSouthern AmericaCentral AmericaGuatemala  Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark. 1946-1976. Flora of Guatemala.
1NativeSouthern AmericaCentral AmericaHonduras  Nelson, C. H. N. 2008. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Honduras Note: Secretaría de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
1NativeSouthern AmericaCentral AmericaNicaragua  Stevens, W. D. et al., eds. 2001. Flora de Nicaragua. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 85(1-3).
1NativeSouthern AmericaCentral AmericaPanama  Nee, M. 1999. Synopsis of Solanum in the New World. In: Nee, M. et al., eds., Solanaceae IV: advances in biology and utilization 326.
1NativeSouthern AmericaNorthern South AmericaFrench Guiana  Funk, V. et al. 2007. Checklist of the plants of the Guiana Shield (Venezuela: Amazonas, Bolivar, Delta Amacuro; Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana). Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 55:1-584.
1NativeSouthern AmericaNorthern South AmericaGuyana  Funk, V. et al. 2007. Checklist of the plants of the Guiana Shield (Venezuela: Amazonas, Bolivar, Delta Amacuro; Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana). Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 55:1-584.
1NativeSouthern AmericaNorthern South AmericaVenezuela  Pittier, H. F. et al. 1945-1947. Catálogo de la flora venezolana.
1NativeSouthern AmericaWestern South AmericaColombia   
1NativeSouthern AmericaWestern South AmericaEcuador  Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez, eds. 1999. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75
2Cultivated     Bryson, C. T. et al. 2012. Growth, development, and morphological differences among native and nonnative prickly nightshades (Solanum spp.) of the southeastern United States. Invasive Pl. Sci. Managm. 5:341-352. Note: cited as Federal noxious weed
4Naturalized    widely natzd. elsewhereHolm, L. et al. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeItalyCalabria Musarella, C. M. 2020. Solanum torvum Sw. (Solanaceae): a new alien species for Europe. Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 67:515-522. DOI: 10.1107/s10722-019-00822-5.
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesFlorida Bryson, C. T. et al. 2012. Growth, development, and morphological differences among native and nonnative prickly nightshades (Solanum spp.) of the southeastern United States. Invasive Pl. Sci. Managm. 5:341-352. Note: cited as Federal noxious weed
Native
Northern America
  • SOUTHERN MEXICO: Mexico [Chiapas, Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave (s.), Yucatán]
Southern America
  • CARIBBEAN: Antigua and Barbuda [Antigua], Bahamas, Barbados, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Haiti, Jamaica, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, Montserrat, Martinique, United States [Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, U.S.], St. Vincent and Grenadines, Virgin Islands (British)
  • CENTRAL AMERICA: Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama
  • NORTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: French Guiana, Guyana, Venezuela
  • BRAZIL: Brazil [Bahia, Espírito Santo, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo]
  • WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA: Colombia, Ecuador
Cultivated ()
Naturalized

  • REGION:
Europe
  • SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Italy [Calabria]
Northern America
  • SOUTHEASTERN U.S.A.: United States [Florida]

Reference(s)
  1. Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. et al. 1996. Flora of St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 78:1-581.
  2. Bryson, C. T. et al. 2012. Growth, development, and morphological differences among native and nonnative prickly nightshades (Solanum spp.) of the southeastern United States. Invasive Pl. Sci. Managm. 5:341-352. Note: cited as Federal noxious weed
  3. Correll, D. S. & H. B. Correll. 1982. Flora of the Bahama archipelago.
  4. Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
  5. Funk, V. et al. 2007. Checklist of the plants of the Guiana Shield (Venezuela: Amazonas, Bolivar, Delta Amacuro; Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana). Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 55:1-584.
  6. Gómez-Pompa, A. & V. Sosa, eds. 1978-. Flora de Veracruz.
  7. Holm, L. et al. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds
  8. Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
  9. Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez, eds. 1999. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75
  10. León (J. S. Sauget) & Alain (E. E. Liogier). 1946-1969. Flora de Cuba
  11. Liogier, H. A. 1981-. Flora of Hispaniola: Part 1; La Flora de la Española. Part II-.
  12. Liogier, H. A. 1984-. Descriptive flora of Puerto Rico and adjacent islands.
  13. Musarella, C. M. 2020. Solanum torvum Sw. (Solanaceae): a new alien species for Europe. Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 67:515-522. DOI: 10.1107/s10722-019-00822-5.
  14. Nee, M. 1999. Synopsis of Solanum in the New World. In: Nee, M. et al., eds., Solanaceae IV: advances in biology and utilization 326.
  15. Nelson, C. H. N. 2008. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Honduras Note: Secretaría de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
  16. Pittier, H. F. et al. 1945-1947. Catálogo de la flora venezolana.
  17. Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark. 1946-1976. Flora of Guatemala.
  18. Stevens, W. D. et al., eds. 2001. Flora de Nicaragua. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 85(1-3).
Economic Uses
UsageTypeNoteReference
Human foodfruit Facciola, S. 1990. Cornucopia, a source book of edible plants Kampong Publications.
Human foodvegetable Facciola, S. 1990. Cornucopia, a source book of edible plants Kampong Publications.
Medicinesfolklore Welman, W. G. 2003. The genus Solanum (Solanaceae) in southern Africa: subgenus Leptostemonum, the introduced sections Acanthophora and Torva. Bothalia 33:13-15.
Weed in crop fieldsBryson, C. T. et al. 2012. Growth, development, and morphological differences among native and nonnative prickly nightshades (Solanum spp.) of the southeastern United States. Invasive Pl. Sci. Managm. 5:341-352. Note: cited as Federal noxious weed
Weed in crop fieldsMusarella, C. M. 2020. Solanum torvum Sw. (Solanaceae): a new alien species for Europe. Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 67:515-522. DOI: 10.1107/s10722-019-00822-5.
Weed in disturbed agricultural fieldsSymon, D. E. 1981. A revision of the genus Solanum in Australia. J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 4:115.
Weedseed contaminantpotentialLazarides, M. & B. Hince. 1993. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia
Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2026. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://npgstest.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=101441. Accessed 12 May 2026.