Methods
Collection pictures from the Richard C. Johnson, Harold Bockelman, Korzhenevsky, V., Boguslavsky, R. collection in 1999 from Krym, Ukraine.
Safflower grown at our Central Ferry farm which is in eastern Washington, United States along the Snake river, elevation about 200 meters. Plants are grown under irragation.
Safflower grown at our Central Ferry farm which is in eastern Washington, United States along the Snake river, elevation about 200 meters. Plants are grown under irragation.
Safflower grown at our Central Ferry farm which is in eastern Washington, United States along the Snake river, elevation about 200 meters. Plants are grown under irragation.
Safflower evaluation data provided by Dr. Li Dajue, as reported in: Characterization and Evaluation of Safflower Germplasm, 1993, Li Dajue, Zhou Mingde and V.Ramanatha Rao (ed.) Geological Publishing House, Beijing, China. The data were obtained by observing the materials sown in Inner Mongolia in 1988, Beijing in 1989, Lunming of Yunnan Province in 1990, and in Urumqi of Xinjiang Autonomous Region in 1990.
Safflower grown at our Central Ferry farm which is in eastern Washington, United States along the Snake river, elevation about 200 meters. Plants are grown under irragation.
Safflower grown at our Central Ferry farm which is in eastern Washington, United States along the Snake river, elevation about 200 meters. Plants are grown under irragation.
One thousand safflower accessions obtained from the USDA/ARS Western Regional Plant Introduction Center were planted May 11, 1993 at the MSU Eastern Agricultural Research Center, Sidney, MT. The accessions were planted in 20 ft rows at a dry land fallow site with check varieties every 20th row for comparative purposes. Data was collected on the following safflower field descriptors:rosette period, head diameter, Pseudomonas bacterial blight disease rating, location and angle of branches, internode length, outer involucral bract descriptors, and bloom date. Due to unusual and record setting cool temperatures and precipitation amounts received during the growing season and an early fall killing frost most seed of the accessions failed to mature and prevented meaningful oilseed laboratory analyses of oil and meal quality characteristics of the accessions.
docx file with more details and weather data on the 1993 trial.
Excel spread sheet of Bergman 1993 Safflower data.
Safflower grown at our Central Ferry farm which is in eastern Washington, United States along the Snake river, elevation about 200 meters. Plants are grown under irragation.
A diverse set of 217 accessions were selected for analysis in this 1996 experiment. This includes the safflower core-subset, genetic male sterlies, cultivars and genotypes with high oil, high oleic, and high linoleicacid types. Sepcial genetic genetic materials from Dr. Paul F. Knowlws and Dr. David Rubes were also included. Planting date was April 8, 1996, two reps, randomized complete block, single three meter rows, 1.5 meters between rows. Planting location was at Washington State University's Central Ferry Farm which is located about 50 miles SW of Pullman, Wa near the Snake River.
Safflower grown at our Central Ferry farm which is in eastern Washington, United States along the Snake river, elevation about 200 meters. Plants are grown under irragation.
Safflower grown at our Central Ferry farm which is in eastern Washington, United States along the Snake river, elevation about 200 meters. Plants are grown under irragation.
Safflower grown at our Central Ferry farm which is in eastern Washington, United States along the Snake river, elevation about 200 meters. Plants are grown under irragation.
Safflower grown at our Central Ferry farm which is in eastern Washington, United States along the Snake river, elevation about 200 meters. Planted on April 15, 2002, seeds were treated with a fungicide prior to planting. Two replications were direct seeded in a completely randomized design. Rows were 2.5 meters long and there was 0.5 meters between the two rows in each plot. Seeds were spaced approximately 10 centimeters apart within each row
Safflower seed shape data taken on the distribution sample in 2002
Safflower grown at our Central Ferry farm which is in eastern Washington, United States along the Snake river, elevation about 200 meters. Planted on April 9, 2003, seeds were treated with a fungicide prior to planting. Two replications were direct seeded in a completely randomized design. Rows were 2.5 meters long and there was 0.5 meters between the two rows in each plot. Seeds were spaced approximately 10 centimeters apart within each row.
For an Excel spread sheet of the 2003 data from Central Ferry.
Safflower grown at our Central Ferry farm which is in eastern Washington, United States along the Snake river, elevation about 200 meters. Planted on April, 2004, seeds were treated with a fungicide prior to planting. Two replications were direct seeded in a completely randomized design. Rows were 2.5 meters long and there was 0.5 meters between the two rows in each plot. Seeds were spaced approximately 10 centimeters apart within each row.
For an Excel spread sheet on the 2004 Central Ferry Safflower information click here.
Safflower grown in a drip-irrigated field at our Central Ferry farm (image) which is in eastern Washington, United States along the Snake river, elevation about 200 meters. Planted on March 24, 2005, seeds were treated with a fungicide prior to planting. Two replications were direct seeded in a randomized design. Rows were 2.5 meters long and there was 0.5 meters between the two rows in each plot. Seeds were spaced approximately 10 centimeters apart within each row. Spines, Fresh flower color, and Dry flower color were recorded as percentages of the plot. Height and head diameter were recorded in centimeters.
Excel file with the 2005 Safflower data.
Picture of safflower at Central Ferry farm in the spring.
Safflower grown in a drip-irrigated field at our Central Ferry farm (image) which is in eastern Washington, United States along the Snake river, elevation about 200 meters. Planted on March , 2006, seeds were treated with a fungicide prior to planting. Two replications were direct seeded in a randomized design. Rows were 2.5 meters long and there was 0.5 meters between the two rows in each plot. Seeds were spaced approximately 10 centimeters apart within each row. Spines, Fresh flower color, and Dry flower color were recorded as percentages of the plot. Height and head diameter were recorded in centimeters.
Excel file with the 2006 Safflower data.
Picture of safflower at Central Ferry farm in the spring.
Safflower grown in a drip-irrigated field at our Central Ferry farm which is in eastern Washington, United States along the Snake river, elevation about 200 meters. Seeds were treated prior to planting with Thiram 50 wp fungicide at the rate of 4oz/100 lbs of seed. Plots were direct seeded in double rows, 6 meters long on April 12, 2006 at the Central Ferry, Washington, Research Farm. The plots were caged with fiberglass screen a few days before flowering. Rust notes were taken when cages were removed after flowering was completed in the entire plot and most plants had begun to dry.
Excel file with the 2006 Rust data
Safflower grown in a drip-irrigated field at our Central Ferry farm (image) which is in eastern Washington, United States along the Snake river, elevation about 200 meters. Planted on March , 2006, seeds were treated with a fungicide prior to planting. Two replications were direct seeded in a randomized design. Rows were 2.5 meters long and there was 0.5 meters between the two rows in each plot. Seeds were spaced approximately 10 centimeters apart within each row. Spines, Fresh flower color, and Dry flower color were recorded as percentages of the plot. Height and head diameter were recorded in centimeters.
Excel file with the 2007 Safflower data.
Picture of safflower at Central Ferry farm in the spring.
Safflower grown in a drip-irrigated field at our Central Ferry farm which is in eastern Washington, United States along the Snake river, elevation about 200 meters. Seeds were treated prior to planting with Thiram 50 wp fungicide at the rate of 4oz/100 lbs of seed. Plots were direct seeded in double rows, 6 meters long on April, 2007 at the Central Ferry, Washington, Research Farm. The plots were caged with fiberglass screen a few days before flowering. Rust notes were taken when cages were removed after flowering was completed in the entire plot and most plants had begun to dry.
Excel file with the 2007 Rust data
Safflower grown in a drip-irrigated field at our Central Ferry farm (image) which is in eastern Washington, United States along the Snake river, elevation about 200 meters. Planted on March , 2006, seeds were treated with a fungicide prior to planting. Two replications were direct seeded in a randomized design. Rows were 2.5 meters long and there was 0.5 meters between the two rows in each plot. Seeds were spaced approximately 10 centimeters apart within each row. Spines, Fresh flower color, and Dry flower color were recorded as percentages of the plot. Height and head diameter were recorded in centimeters.
Excel file with the 2008 Safflower data.
Picture of safflower at Central Ferry farm in the spring.
Safflower grown in a drip-irrigated field at our Central Ferry farm which is in eastern Washington, United States along the Snake river, elevation about 200 meters. Seeds were treated prior to planting with Thiram 50 wp fungicide at the rate of 4oz/100 lbs of seed. Plots were direct seeded in double rows, 6 meters long on April, 2008 at the Central Ferry, Washington, Research Farm. The plots were caged with fiberglass screen a few days before flowering. Rust notes were taken when cages were removed after flowering was completed in the entire plot and most plants had begun to dry.
Excel file with the 2008 Rust data
Safflower grown in a drip-irrigated field at our Central Ferry farm which is in eastern Washington, United States along the Snake river, elevation about 200 meters. Seeds were treated prior to planting with Thiram 50 wp fungicide at the rate of 4oz/100 lbs of seed. Plots were direct seeded in double rows, 6 meters long on April, 2009 at the Central Ferry, Washington, Research Farm. The plots were caged with fiberglass screen a few days before flowering. Rust notes were taken when cages were removed after flowering was completed in the entire plot and most plants had begun to dry.
Excel file with the 2009 Rust data
The data were collected in a non-replicated trial at Luehmannsdorf, between Greifswald and Usedom Island in NE Germany. One hundred seeds were hand-planted in 2.25 m x 1.1 m plots in a sandy loam soil on April 25th, 2009. Pesticides were not applied to the plots and head rot and alternaria leaf blight damage was rated during the growing season. Harvest date was September 26, 2009. Yield was expressed as grams per plot. The cooperators in this study were Anne-Kristin Reinbrecht and Carsten Reinbrecht, Muehlenstrasse 16, D-17509 Katzow, Germany.
For an Excel file of the data taken at Luehmannsdorf.
Safflower grown in a drip-irrigated field at our Central Ferry farm which is in eastern Washington, United States along the Snake river, elevation about 200 meters. Seeds were treated prior to planting with Thiram 50 wp fungicide at the rate of 4oz/100 lbs of seed. Plots were direct seeded in double rows, 6 meters long on April, 2010 at the Central Ferry, Washington, Research Farm. The plots were caged with fiberglass screen a few days before flowering. Rust notes were taken when cages were removed after flowering was completed in the entire plot and most plants had begun to dry.
Percent oil content determined using the Swedish tube method. The analysis was preformed by:
POS Bio-Sciences
118 Veternary Road
Saskatoon, Canada S7N 2R4
Safflower grown in a drip-irrigated field at our Central Ferry farm which is in eastern Washington, United States along the Snake river, elevation about 200 meters. Seeds were treated prior to planting with Thiram 50 wp fungicide at the rate of 4oz/100 lbs of seed. Plots were direct seeded in double rows, 6 meters long on April, 2011 at the Central Ferry, Washington, Research Farm. The plots were caged with fiberglass screen a few days before flowering. Rust notes were taken when cages were removed after flowering was completed in the entire plot and most plants had begun to dry.
Safflower was planted on April 10, 2012 in a drip-irrigated field at our Central Ferry farm which is in eastern Washington, United States along the Snake river with an elevation of about 200 meters. Seeds were treated with a fungicide prior to planting. Two replications were direct seeded in a randomized design. Rows were 2.5 meters long and there was 0.5 meters between the two rows in each plot. Seeds were spaced approximately 10 centimeters apart within each row.
Safflower was planted on April, 2014 in a drip-irrigated field at our Central Ferry farm which is in eastern Washington, United States along the Snake river with an elevation of about 200 meters. Seeds were treated with a fungicide prior to planting. Two replications were direct seeded in a randomized design. Rows were 2.5 meters long and there was 0.5 meters between the two rows in each plot. Seeds were spaced approximately 10 centimeters apart within each row.
Safflower grown in a drip-irrigated field at our Central Ferry farm which is in eastern Washington, United States along the Snake river, elevation about 200 meters. Seeds were treated prior to planting with Thiram 50 wp fungicide at the rate of 4oz/100 lbs of seed. Plots were direct seeded in double rows, 6 meters long on April, 2014 at the Central Ferry, Washington, Research Farm. The plots were caged with fiberglass screen a few days before flowering. Rust notes were taken when cages were removed after flowering was completed in the entire plot and most plants had begun to dry.
Safflower was planted on April, 2015 in a drip-irrigated field at our Central Ferry farm which is in eastern Washington, United States along the Snake river with an elevation of about 200 meters. Seeds were treated with a fungicide prior to planting. Two replications were direct seeded in a randomized design. Rows were 2.5 meters long and there was 0.5 meters between the two rows in each plot. Seeds were spaced approximately 10 centimeters apart within each row.
Safflower grown in a drip-irrigated field at our Central Ferry farm which is in eastern Washington, United States along the Snake river, elevation about 200 meters. Seeds were treated prior to planting with Thiram 50 wp fungicide at the rate of 4oz/100 lbs of seed. Plots were direct seeded in double rows, 6 meters long on April, 2015 at the Central Ferry, Washington, Research Farm. The plots were caged with fiberglass screen a few days before flowering. Rust notes were taken when cages were removed after flowering was completed in the entire plot and most plants had begun to dry.
Safflower was planted on April, 2016 in a drip-irrigated field at our Central Ferry farm which is in eastern Washington, United States along the Snake river with an elevation of about 200 meters. Seeds were treated with a fungicide prior to planting. Two replications were direct seeded in a randomized design. Rows were 2.5 meters long and there was 0.5 meters between the two rows in each plot. Seeds were spaced approximately 10 centimeters apart within each row.
Safflower was planted on April 4, 2017 in a drip-irrigated field at our Central Ferry farm which is in eastern Washington, United States along the Snake river with an elevation of about 200 meters. Seeds were treated with a fungicide prior to planting. Two replications were direct seeded in a randomized design. Rows were 2.5 meters long and there was 0.5 meters between the two rows in each plot. Seeds were spaced approximately 10 centimeters apart within each row.
Safflower core developed by Dave Stout, Western Regional Plant Introduction Station, Pullman, WA. 1993. All available field data on accessions were sorted(grouped) by: (country, height, head size, 100 seed weight, spines, flower color, oil, bloom date, branching). The log of the frequency was used if the group was large. Accessions were selected evenly within the sort.
Plant height data for Paul Knowles, Davis, California taken between 1980 and 1982
Pictures taken as possible ornamental use
Pictures taken as possible ornamental use of Safflower from the 2002 Central Ferry, WA. nursery.
Pictures taken as possible ornamental use of Safflower from the 2003 Central Ferry, WA. nursery.
Images taken July 2006 by Vicki Bradley, edited by Bob Guenthner. Accessions were direct-seeded in April, 2006, in a replicated nursery located at Cenral Ferry, Washington. Munsell color charts in images are (top to bottom) 5Y, 7.5YR, 5GY.
Images taken July 2007 by Vicki Bradley, A. Sczenski and A. Scheibe, edited by R. Guenthner. Accessions were direct-seeded in April, 2007, in a replicated nursery located at Cenral Ferry, Washington. Munsell color charts in images are (top to bottom) 5Y, 7.5YR, 5GY.
Images taken July 2008 by Vicki Bradley, L. McLachlan and K. Martin, edited by R. Guenthner. Accessions were direct-seeded in March, 2008, in a replicated nursery located at Cenral Ferry, Washington. Munsell color charts for plant tissues used in images are 5Y(Yellows) and 5GY (Greens).
Images taken July 2010 by Robert Guenthner. Accessions were direct seeded in April, 2010 at Central Ferry, Washington, in 3.0 meter-long double-row irrigated plots. Color charts in images are (top to bottom) Munsell 7.5YR, 5Y, 5 GY, or the X-rite mini color checker chart.
Images taken July 2011 by Vicki Bradley and Robert Guenthner. Accessions were direct seeded in April, 2011 at Central Ferry, Washington, in 3.0 meter-long double-row irrigated plots. The X-rite color checker chart was used in the field images, and the X-rite mini color checker chart was used in the images of the flowers.
Images taken July 2012 by Vicki Bradley and Robert Guenthner. Accessions were direct seeded in April, 2012 at Central Ferry, Washington, in 3.0 meter-long double-row irrigated plots. The X-rite color checker chart was used in the field images, and the X-rite mini color checker chart was used in the images of the flowers.
Pictures taken of the Carthamus seeds that are not Carthamus tinctorius by Vicki Bradley
Pictures taken of the Carthamus seeds that are not Carthamus tinctorius by Vicki Bradley
Images taken July 2014 by Vicki Bradley and Robert Guenthner. Accessions were direct seeded in April, 2014 at Central Ferry, Washington, in 3.0 meter-long double-row irrigated plots. The X-rite color checker chart was used in the field images, and the X-rite mini color checker chart was used in the images of the flowers.
Images taken July 2015 by Vicki Bradley and Robert Guenthner. Accessions were direct seeded in April, 2015 at Central Ferry, Washington, in 3.0 meter-long double-row irrigated plots. The X-rite color checker chart was used in the field images, and the X-rite mini color checker chart was used in the images of the flowers.
100 seed weight at the Western Regional Plant Introduction Station, Pullman Washington, USA
Data consists of Safflower traits taken over many years of growing Safflower at Wawaii and Central Ferry